1887

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Volume 105, Issue 9

Out-of-sync evolutionary patterns and mutual interplay of major and minor capsid proteins in norovirus GII.2 Open Access

Abstract

Human noroviruses are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis, resulting annually in 219 000 deaths and a societal cost of $60 billion, and no antivirals or vaccines are available. The minor capsid protein may play a significant role in the evolution of norovirus. GII.4 is the predominant genotype of norovirus, and its VP2 undergoes epochal co-evolution with the major capsid protein VP1. Since the sudden emergence of norovirus GII.2[P16] in 2016, it has consistently remained a significant epidemic strain in recent years. In the construction of phylogenetic trees, the phylogenetic trees of VP2 closely parallel those of VP1 due to the shared tree topology of both proteins. To investigate the interaction patterns between the major and minor capsid proteins of norovirus GII.2, we chose five representative strains of GII.2 norovirus and investigated their evolutionary patterns using a yeast two-hybrid experiment. Our study shows VP1–VP2 interaction in GII.2, with critical interaction sites at 167–178 and 184–186 in the highly variable region. In the intra-within GII.2, we observed no temporal co-evolution between VP1 and VP2 of GII.2. Notable distinctions were observed in the interaction intensity of VP2 among inter-genotype (<0.05), highlighting the divergent evolutionary patterns of VP2 within different norovirus genotypes. In summary, the interactions between VP2 and VP1 of GII.2 norovirus exhibit out-of-sync evolutionary patterns. This study offered valuable insights for further understanding and completing the evolutionary mechanism of norovirus.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): GII.2 , interaction , minor capsid protein VP2 and norovirus
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Plan on enhancing scientific research in GMU
    • Principle Award Recipient: LinYu
  • Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Award 2021A1515011057)
    • Principle Award Recipient: KouXiaoxia
  • Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (Award 32272436)
    • Principle Award Recipient: LiangXue
  • Chinese National key research and development plan project (Award 2022YFF1103100)
    • Principle Award Recipient: LiangXue
© 2024 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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2024-09-27
2024-10-05
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Out-of-sync evolutionary patterns and mutual interplay of major and minor capsid proteins in norovirus GII.2
J. Gen. Virol. 105, 002024 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.002024
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.002024
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.002024
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