1887

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Volume 105, Issue 8

Diversifying selection identified in immune epitopes of bovine coronavirus isolates from Irish cattle Open Access

Abstract

(BoCoV) is a pneumoenteric pathogen of cattle that is closely related to human coronavirus OC43. Vaccines are administered to protect against diseases caused by BoCoV, but knowledge gaps exist with regard to correlates of protection and the effect of immune evasion on driving evolution. In this study, immune epitopes were mapped onto BoCoV structural proteins, including spike and haemagglutinin esterase (HE), and then supported with targeted gene sequencing of Irish clinical isolates and selective pressure analysis. Increased prevalence of diversifying selection and amino acid changes in some mapped immune epitopes suggests that immune escape is selecting for non-synonymous mutations arising in these regions. Selection analysis and sequencing provided increased support for neutralising antibody (nAb) epitopes compared to others, suggesting that nAbs are an important arm of the immune response to BoCoV. Phylogenetic analysis of spike and HE sequences showed that Irish isolates from this study were in the European clade, except for one HE sequence that sat in the Asian/American clade, while the spike gene of this sample was in the European clade. Recombination between a European and an Asian/American isolate would give rise to such a sequence. This study has gathered evidence suggesting that pressure to evade the nAb response is contributing to BoCoV evolution.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
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Keyword(s): bovine coronavirus , immune epitopes , Ireland , phylogenetics and selective pressure
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (Award 2021R664)
    • Principle Award Recipient: GeraldBarry
© 2024 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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2024-09-15
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Diversifying selection identified in immune epitopes of bovine coronavirus isolates from Irish cattle
J. Gen. Virol. 105, 002019 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.002019
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.002019
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.002019
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