1887

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Volume 105, Issue 8

Genetic and antigenic characterization of two diarrhoeic dominant rotavirus A genotypes G3P[12] and G14P[12] circulating in the global equine population Open Access

Abstract

Equine rotavirus species A (ERVA) G3P[12] and G14P[12] are two dominant genotypes that cause foal diarrhoea with a significant economic impact on the global equine industry. ERVA can also serve as a source of novel (equine-like) rotavirus species A (RVA) reassortants with zoonotic potential as those identified previously in 2013–2019 when equine G3-like RVA was responsible for worldwide outbreaks of severe gastroenteritis and hospitalizations in children. One hurdle to ERVA research is that the standard cell culture system optimized for human rotavirus replication is not efficient for isolating ERVA. Here, using an engineered cell line defective in antiviral innate immunity, we showed that both equine G3P[12] and G14P[12] strains can be rapidly isolated from diarrhoeic foals. The genome sequence analysis revealed that both G3P[12] and G14P[12] strains share the identical genotypic constellation except for VP7 and VP6 segments in which G3P[12] possessed VP7 of genotype G3 and VP6 of genotype I6 and G14P[12] had the combination of VP7 of genotype G14 and VP6 of genotype I2. Further characterization demonstrated that two ERVA genotypes have a limited cross-neutralization. The lack of an broad cross-protection between both genotypes supported the increased recent diarrhoea outbreaks due to equine G14P[12] in foals born to dams immunized with the inactivated monovalent equine G3P[12] vaccine. Finally, using the structural modelling approach, we provided the genetic basis of the antigenic divergence between ERVA G3P[12] and G14P[12] strains. The results of this study will provide a framework for further investigation of infection biology, pathogenesis and cross-protection of equine rotaviruses.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): equine rotavirus A , G14P[12] , G3P[12] , neutralization , phylogenetic analysis and virus isolation
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Zoetis Animal Health Fund.
    • Principle Award Recipient: TirthUprety
  • Ohio Eminent Scholar program.
    • Principle Award Recipient: TirthUprety
  • William Robert Mills Chair Endowment Fund of the University of Kentucky
    • Principle Award Recipient: TirthUprety
© 2024 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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2024-09-15
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Genetic and antigenic characterization of two diarrhoeic dominant rotavirus A genotypes G3P[12] and G14P[12] circulating in the global equine population
J. Gen. Virol. 105, 002016 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.002016
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.002016
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.002016
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