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Journal of General Virology header logo Journal of General Virology

Volume 105, Issue 1

Local and systemic replicative fitness for viruses in specialist, generalist, and non-specialist interactions with salmonid hosts No Access

Abstract

Host tissues represent diverse resources or barriers for pathogen replicative fitness. We tested whether viruses in specialist, generalist, and non-specialist interactions replicate differently in local entry tissue (fin), and systemic target tissue (kidney) using infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and three salmonid fish hosts. Virus tissue replication was host specific, but one feature was shared by specialists and the generalist which was uncommon in the non-specialist interactions: high host entry and replication capacity in the local tissue after contact. Moreover, specialists showed increased replication in systemic target tissues early after host contact. By comparing ancestral and derived IHNV viruses, we also characterized replication tradeoffs associated with specialist and generalist evolution. Compared with the ancestral virus, a derived specialist gained early local replicative fitness in the new host but lost replicative fitness in the ancestral host. By contrast, a derived generalist showed small replication losses relative to the ancestral virus in the ancestral host but increased early replication in the local tissue of novel hosts. This study shows that the mechanisms of specialism and generalism are host specific and that local and systemic replication can contribute differently to overall within host replicative fitness for specialist and generalist viruses.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): generalism , local replication , replicative fitness , Specialism , target replication , vertebrates and viruses
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Award 2017-67015-26956)
    • Principle Award Recipient: KerryNaish
© Microbiology Society
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/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001937
2024-01-05
2025-04-28
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/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001937
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Local and systemic replicative fitness for viruses in specialist, generalist, and non-specialist interactions with salmonid hosts
J. Gen. Virol. 105, 001937 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001937
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001937
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001937
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