1887

Abstract

The satellite RNAs of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) that induce systemic necrosis in tomato plants (N-satRNA) multiply to high levels in the infected host while severely depressing CMV accumulation and, hence, its aphid transmission efficiency. As N-satRNAs are transmitted into CMV particles, the conditions for N-satRNA emergence are not obvious. Model analyses with realistic parameter values have predicted that N-satRNAs would invade CMV populations only when transmission rates are high. Here, we tested this hypothesis experimentally by passaging CMV or CMV+N-satRNAs at low or high aphid densities (2 or 8 aphids/plant). As predicted, high aphid densities were required for N-satRNA emergence. The results showed that at low aphid densities, random effects due to population bottlenecks during transmission dominate the epidemiological dynamics of CMV/CMV+N-satRNA. The results suggest that maintaining aphid populations at low density will prevent the emergence of highly virulent CMV+N-satRNA isolates.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.000435
2016-06-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/97/6/1453.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.000435&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Alonso-Prados J. L., Aranda M. A., Malpica J. M., García-Arenal F., Fraile A. 1998; Satellite RNA of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus spreads epidemically in natural populations of its helper virus. Phytopathology 88:520–524 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Betancourt M., Fereres A., Fraile A., García-Arenal F. 2008; Estimation of the effective number of founders that initiate an infection after aphid transmission of a multipartite plant virus. J Virol 82:12416–12421 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Betancourt M., Fraile A., García-Arenal F. 2011; Cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNAs that induce similar symptoms in melon plants show large differences in fitness. J Virol 92:1930–1938
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Betancourt M., Escriu F., Fraile A., García-Arenal F. 2013; Virulence evolution of a generalist plant virus in a heterogeneous host system. Evol Appl 6:875–890 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Escriu F., Fraile A., García-Arenal F. 2000a; Evolution of virulence in natural populations of the satellite RNA of Cucumber mosaic virus. Phytopathology 90:480–485 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Escriu F., Perry K. L., García-Arenal F. 2000b; Transmissibility of cucumber mosaic virus by Aphis gossypii correlates with viral accumulation and is affected by the presence of its satellite RNA. Phytopathology 90:1068–1072 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Escriu F., Fraile A., García-Arenal F. 2003; The evolution of virulence in a plant virus. Evolution 57:755–765[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Fereres A., Perez P., Gemeno C., Ponz F. 1993; Transmission of Spanish Pepper-PVY isolates by aphid vectors: epidemiological implications. Environ Entomol 22:1260–1265
    [Google Scholar]
  9. García-Arenal F., Fraile A. 2016; Origin and evolution of satellites. In Viroids and Plant Viral Satellites Edited by Hadidi A., Flores R., Randles J. W., Palukaitis P. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier (in press);
    [Google Scholar]
  10. García-Arenal F., Palukaitis P. 1999; Structure and functional relationships of satellite RNAs of cucumber mosaic virus. Curr Topics Microbiol Immunol 239:37–63
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Gibbs A. J., Gower J. C. 1960; The use of a multiple-transfer method in plant virus transmission studies – some statistical points arising in the analysis of results. Ann Appl Biol 48:75–83
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Jacquemond M. 2012; Cucumber mosaic virus. Adv Virus Res 84:439–504 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Palukaitis P., García-Arenal F. 2003; Cucumoviruses. Adv Virus Res 62:241–323[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Rizzo T. M., Palukaitis P. 1990; Construction of full-length cDNA of Cucumber mosaic virus RNAs 1, 2 and 3: generation of infectious RNA transcripts. Mol Gen Genet 222:249–256 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Simon A. E., Roossinck M. J., Havelda Z. 2004; Plant virus satellite and defective interfering RNAs: new paradigms for a new century. Annu Rev Phytopathol 42:415–437 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Zhou X. 2013; Advances in understanding begomovirus satellites. Annu Rev Phytopathol 51:357–381 [View Article][PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.000435
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.000435
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary File 1

PDF
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error