1887

Abstract

Two distinct hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolates, designated HE-JI3 and HE-JI4, were identified in a single patient with acute hepatitis in Japan, who had not travelled abroad. The HEV load of HE-JI3 at admission was 10 copies/ml, but that of HE-JI4 was tenfold higher at 10 copies/ml. The viraemia of HE-JI4 persisted for up to 16 days from admission, whereas HE-JI3 disappeared at 9 days after admission. The entire nucleotide sequence of the HE-JI4 isolate and partial nucleotide sequences of open reading frames (ORFs) 1 and 2 of the HE-JI3 isolate were determined. The full-length nucleotide sequence of HE-JI4 consisted of 7171 nucleotides excluding the poly(A) tail and contained ORF1 encoding 1684 amino acids, ORF2 encoding 671 amino acids and ORF3 encoding 114 amino acids. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the HEV genomes indicated that HE-JI4 was most closely related to an HEV isolate (T1) of genotype IV with the same strategy for translation of ORF2 and ORF3, but which differed from it by 16·5% over the entire genome. The HE-JI3 isolate showed the highest nucleotide identity (88·6–95·1%) to the genotype III HEVs, having higher identity to human and swine HEV isolates from the United States (US1, US2 and swUS1) than to those reported thus far from Japan (JRA1 and swJ570). The two co-infecting strains of HE-JI3 and HE-JI4 identified from the single patient shared only 80·1% nucleotide identity. These results indicate that multiple genotypes of HEV co-circulate in Japan, and that genotype IV comprises a remarkably heterogeneous group of HEVs.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-83-8-1931
2002-08-01
2024-12-12
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/83/8/0831931a.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-83-8-1931&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Arankalle V. A., Chobe L. P., Joshi M. V., Chadha M. S., Kundu B., Walimbe A. M. 2002; Human and swine hepatitis E viruses from Western India belong to different genotypes. Journal of Hepatology 36:417–425
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Aye T. T., Uchida T., Ma X., Lida F., Shikata T., Ichikawa M., Rikihisa T., Win K. M. 1993; Sequence and gene structure of hepatitis E virus isolated from Myanmar. Virus Genes 7:95–110
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bi S. L., Purdy M. A., McCaustland K. A., Margolis H. S., Bradley D. W. 1993; The sequence of hepatitis E virus isolated directly from a single source during an outbreak in China. Virus Research 28:233–247
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Chandler J. D., Riddell M. A., Li F., Love R. J., Anderson D. A. 1999; Serological evidence for swine hepatitis E virus infection in Australian pig herds. Veterinary Microbiology 68:95–105
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Dawson G. J., Chau K. H., Cabal C. M., Yarbough P. O., Reyes G. R., Mushahwar I. K. 1992; Solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for hepatitis E virus IgG and IgM antibodies utilizing recombinant antigens and synthetic peptides. Journal of Virological Methods 38:175–186
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Erker J. C., Desai S. M., Schlauder G. G., Dawson G. J., Mushahwar I. K. 1999; A hepatitis E virus variant from the United States: molecular characterization and transmission in cynomolgus macaques. Journal of General Virology 80:681–690
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Felsenstein J. 1985; Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783–791
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Garkavenko O., Obriadina A., Meng J., Anderson D. A., Bernard H. J., Schroeder B. A., Khudyakov Y. E., Fields H. A., Croxson M. C. 2001; Detection and characterization of swine hepatitis E virus in New Zealand. Journal of Medical Virology 65:525–529
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Gouvea V., Snellings N., Popek M. J., Longer C. F., Innis B. L. 1998; Hepatitis E virus: complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of a Nepali isolate. Virus Research 57:21–26
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Haqshenas G., Shivaprasad H. L., Woolcock P. R., Read D. H., Meng X. J. 2001; Genetic identification and characterization of a novel virus related to human hepatitis E virus from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the United States. Journal of General Virology 82:2449–2462
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Harrison T. J. 1999; Hepatitis E virus – an update. Liver 19:171–176
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Herrera J. L., Hill S., Shaw J., Fleenor M., Bader T., Wolfe M. S. 1993; Hepatitis E among US travelers, 1989–1992. Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report 42:1–4
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hsieh S.-Y., Meng X.-J., Wu Y.-H., Liu S.-T., Tam A. W., Lin D.-Y., Liaw Y.-F. 1999; Identity of a novel swine hepatitis E virus in Taiwan forming a monophyletic group with Taiwan isolates of human hepatitis E virus. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37:3828–3834
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Huang C.-C., Nguyen D., Fernandez J., Yun K. Y., Fry K. E., Bradley D. W., Tam A. W., Reyes G. R. 1992; Molecular cloning and sequencing of the Mexico isolate of hepatitis E virus (HEV). Virology 191:550–558
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Ina Y. 1994; oden: a program package for molecular evolutionary analysis and database search of DNA and amino acid sequences. Computer Applications in the Biosciences 10:11–12
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Kwo P. Y., Schlauder G. G., Carpenter H. A., Murphy P. J., Rosenblatt J. E., Dawson G. J., Mast E. E., Krawczynski K., Balan V. 1997; Acute hepatitis E by a new isolate acquired in the United States. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 72:1133–1136
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Li T.-C., Yamakawa Y., Suzuki K., Tatsumi M., Razak M. A. A., Uchida T., Takeda N., Miyamura T. 1997; Expression and self-assembly of empty virus-like particles of hepatitis E virus. Journal of Virology 71:7207–7213
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Meng X.-J., Purcell R. H., Haubur P. G., Lehman J. R., Webb D. M., Tsareva T. S., Haynes J. S., Thacker B. J., Emerson S. U. 1997; A novel virus in swine is closely related to the human hepatitis E virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 94:9860–9865
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Meng X.-J., Halbur P. G., Shapiro M. S., Govindarajan S., Bruna J. D., Mushahwar I. K., Purcell R. H., Emerson S. U. 1998; Genetic and experimental evidence for cross-species infection by swine hepatitis E virus. Journal of Virology 72:9714–9721
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Meng X. J., Wiseman B., Elvinger F., Guenette D. K., Toth T. E., Engle R. E., Emerson S. U., Purcell R. H. 2002; Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus in veterinarians working with swine and in normal blood donors in the United States and other countries. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40:117–122
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Okamoto H., Nishizawa T., Tawara A., Takahashi M., Kishimoto J., Sai T., Sugai Y. 2000; TT virus mRNAs detected in the bone marrow cells from an infected individual. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 279:700–707
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Okamoto H., Takahashi M., Nishizawa T., Fukai K., Muramatsu U., Yoshikawa A. 2001; Analysis of the complete genome of indigenous swine hepatitis E virus isolated in Japan. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 289:929–936
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Page R. D. M. 1996; treeview: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Computer Applications in the Biosciences 12:357–358
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Panda S. K., Ansari I. H., Durgapal H., Agrawal S., Jameel S. 2000; The in vitro-synthesized RNA from a cDNA clone of hepatitis E virus is infectious. Journal of Virology 74:2430–2437
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Payne C. J., Ellis T. M., Plant S. L., Gregory A. R., Wilcox G. E. 1999; Sequence data suggests big liver and spleen disease virus (BLSV) is genetically related to hepatitis E virus. Veterinary Microbiology 68:119–125
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Pina S., Buti M., Cotrina M., Piella J., Girones R. 2000; HEV identified in serum from humans with acute hepatitis and in sewage of animal origin in Spain. Journal of Hepatology 33:826–833
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Purcell R. H., Emerson S. U. 2001; Hepatitis E virus. In Fields Virology pp 3051–3061 Edited by Knipe D. M., Howley P. M., Griffin D. E., Martin M. A., Lamb R. A., Roizman B., Straus S. E. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Reyes G. R., Purdy M. A., Kim J. P., Luk K. C., Young L. M., Fry K. E., Bradley D. W. 1990; Isolation of cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science 247:1336–1339
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Saitou N., Nei M. 1987; The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 4:406–425
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Sato S., Ido K., Isoda N., Hirasawa T., Sato A., Iino S., Hozumi M., Ono K., Nagamine N., Sugano K., Okamoto H., Mayumi M. 2002; A case of domestically infected acute hepatitis E. Acta Hepatologica Japonica (in press) (in Japanese
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Schlauder G. G., Mushahwar I. K. 2001; Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis E virus. Journal of Medical Virology 65:282–292
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Schlauder G. G., Dawson G. J., Erker J. C., Kwo P. Y., Knigge M. F., Smalley D. L., Rosenblatt J. E., Desai S. M., Mushahwar I. K. 1998; The sequence and phylogenetic analysis of a novel hepatitis E virus isolated from a patient with acute hepatitis reported in the United States. Journal of General Virology 79:447–456
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Schlauder G. G., Desai S. M., Zanetti A. R., Tassopoulos N. C., Mushahwar I. K. 1999; Novel hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolates from Europe: evidence for additional genotypes of HEV. Journal of Medical Virology 57:243–251
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Schlauder G. G., Frider B., Sookoian S., Castano G. C., Mushahwar I. K. 2000; Identification of 2 novel isolates of hepatitis E virus in Argentina. Journal of Infectious Diseases 182:294–297
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Takahashi K., Iwata K., Watanabe N., Hatahara T., Ohta Y., Baba K., Mishiro S. 2001; Full-genome nucleotide sequence of a hepatitis E virus strain that may be indigenous to Japan. Virology 287:9–12
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Tam A. W., Smith M. M., Guerra M. E., Huang C., Bradley D. W., Fry K. E., Reyes G. R. 1991; Hepatitis E virus (HEV): molecular cloning and sequence of the full-length viral genome. Virology 185:120–130
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Thompson J. D., Higgins D. G., Gibson T. J. 1994; clustal w: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22:4673–4680
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Tsarev S. A., Emerson S. U., Reyes G. R., Tsareva T. S., Legters L. J., Malik I. A., Iqbal M., Purcell R. H. 1992; Characterization of a prototype strain of hepatitis E virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 89:559–563
    [Google Scholar]
  39. van Cuyck-Gandre H., Zhang H. Y., Tsarev S. A., Warren R. L., Caudill J. D., Snellings N. J., Begot L., Innis B. L., Longer C. F. 2000; Phylogenetically distinct hepatitis E viruses in Pakistan. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 62:187–189
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Wang Y., Ling R., Erker J. C., Zhang H., Li H., Desai S., Mushahwar I. K., Harrison T. J. 1999; A divergent genotype of hepatitis E virus in Chinese patients with acute hepatitis. Journal of General Virology 80:169–177
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Wang Y., Zhang H., Ling R., Li H., Harrison T. J. 2000; The complete sequence of hepatitis E virus genotype 4 reveals an alternative strategy for translation of open reading frames 2 and 3. Journal of General Virology 81:1675–1686
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Wang Y., Levine D. F., Bendall R. P., Teo C. G., Harrison T. J. 2001a; Partial sequence analysis of indigenous hepatitis E virus isolated in the United Kingdom. Journal of Medical Virology 65:706–709
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Wang Y., Zhang H., Li Z., Gu W., Lan H., Hao W., Ling R., Li H., Harrison T. J. 2001b; Detection of sporadic cases of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in China using immunoassays based on recombinant open reading frame 2 and 3 polypeptides from HEV genotype 4. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39:4370–4379
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Worm H. C., Schlauder G. G., Wurzer H., Mushahwar I. K. 2000; Identification of a novel variant of hepatitis E virus in Austria: sequence, phylogenetic and serological analysis. Journal of General Virology 81:2885–2890
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Wu J. C., Chen C. M., Chiang T. Y., Sheen I. J., Chen J. Y., Tasi W. H., Huang Y. H., Lee S. D. 2000; Clinical and epidemiological implications of swine hepatitis E virus infection. Journal of Medical Virology 60:166–171
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Yin S., Tsarev S. A., Purcell R. H., Emerson S. U. 1993; Partial sequence comparison of eight new Chinese strains of hepatitis E virus suggests the genome sequence is relatively stable. Journal of Medical Virology 41:230–241
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Yoo D., Willson P., Pei Y., Hayes M. A., Deckert A., Dewey C. E., Friendship R. M., Yoon Y., Gottschalk M., Yason C., Giulivi A. 2001; Prevalence of hepatitis E virus antibodies in Canadian swine herds and identification of a novel variant of swine hepatitis E virus. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 8:1213–1219
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Zanetti A. R., Schlauder G. G., Romano L., Tanzi E., Fabris P., Dawson G. J., Mushahwar I. K. 1999; Identification of a novel variant of hepatitis E virus in Italy. Journal of Medical Virology 57:356–360
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-83-8-1931
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-83-8-1931
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error