1887

Abstract

The live measles virus (MV) vaccine strain AIK-C was attenuated from the wild-type strain Edmonston by plaque purification at 33 °C. Strain AIK-C grew well at 33 °C with a mixture of small-and medium-sized plaques in Vero cells, but did not grow well at 40 °C. To investigate fusion inducibility, expression plasmids for the fusion (F) and haemagglutinin (H) protein regions of MV strains AIK-C (pAIK-F01 and pAIK-H) and Edmonston (pEdm-F and pEdm-H) were constructed. pEdm-F induced extensive cell fusion in B95a and Vero cells under the control of T7 RNA polymerase, whereas a sharp reduction in syncytium formation was observed when pAIK-F01 was used. Six amino acid differences were determined between pAIK-F01 and pEdm-F. Direct sequencing showed that the seed strain AIK-C contained either Leu or Phe at position 278 of the F protein. Experiments using recombinant F protein plasmids demonstrated that those with Leu at position 278 induced poor syncytium formation, while those with Phe at position 278 (Edmonston type) induced extensive cell fusion. Replacement of Phe with Leu at position 278 of pEdm-F reduced fusion-inducing capability. A full-length infectious clone of AIK-C with Leu at position 278 of the F protein was constructed. The rescued virus produced small plaques in Vero cells. However, the same rescued virus with Phe at position 278 produced large plaques. It was concluded that Leu at position 278 of the F protein of the MV vaccine strain AIK-C is responsible for the formation of small plaques.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-9-2143
2001-09-01
2024-12-05
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/82/9/0822143a.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-9-2143&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Alkhatib G., Richardson C., Shen S.-H. 1990; Intracellular processing, glycosylation, and cell-surface expression of the measles virus fusion protein (F) encoded by a recombinant adenovirus. Virology 175:262–270
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Alkhatib G., Roder J., Richardson C., Briedis D., Weinberg R., Smith D., Taylor J., Paoletti E., Shen S.-H. 1994; Characterization of a cleavage mutant of the measles virus fusion protein defective in syncytium formation. Journal of Virology 68:6770–6774
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bellini W. J., Rota J. S., Rota P. A. 1994; Virology of measles virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 170:515–523
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bolotovski V. M., Grabowsky M., Clements C. J., Albrecht P., Brenner E. R., Zargaryantzs A. I., Litvinov S. K., Mikheyeva I. V. 1994; Immunization of 6 and 9 month old infants with AIK-C, Edmonston-Zagreb, Leningrad-16 and Schwarz strains of measles vaccine. International Journal of Epidemiology 23:1069–1077
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Buckland R., Malvoisin E., Beauverger P., Wild T. F. 1992; A leucine zipper structure present in the measles virus fusion protein is not required for its tetramerization but is essential for fusion. Journal of General Virology 73:1703–1707
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Caballero M., Carabana J., Ortego J., Fernandez-Munoz R., Celma M. L. 1998; Measles virus fusion protein is palmitoylated on transmembrane-intracytoplasmic cysteine residues which participate in cell fusion. Journal of Virology 72:8198–8204
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Cathomen T., Naim H. Y., Cattaneo R. 1998; Measles viruses with altered envelope protein cytoplasmic tails gain cell fusion competence. Journal of Virology 72:1224–1234
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Dutch R. E., Leser G. P., Lamb R. A. 1999; Paramyxovirus fusion protein: characterization of the core trimer, a rod-shaped complex with helices in anti-parallel orientation. Virology 254:147–159
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Evans S. A., Baron M. D., Chamberlain R. W., Goatley L., Barrett T. 1994; Nucleotide sequence comparisons of the fusion protein gene from virulent and attenuated strains of rinderpest virus. Journal of General Virology 75:3611–3617
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Fuerst T. R., Niles E. G., Studier W., Moss B. 1986; Eukaryotic transient-expression system based on recombinant vaccinia virus that synthesizes bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA 83:8122–8126
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Garenne M., Leroy O., Beau J. P., Sene I. 1991; Child mortality after high-titre measles vaccines: prospective study in Senegal. Lancet 338:903–907
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Ghosh J. K., Ovadia M., Shai Y. 1997; A leucine zipper motif in the ectodomain of Sendai virus fusion protein assembles in solution and in membranes and specifically binds biologically-active peptides and the virus. Biochemistry 36:15451–15462
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Ghosh J. K., Peisajovich S. G., Ovadia M., Shai Y. 1998; Structure-function study of a heptad repeat positioned near the transmembrane domain of Sendai virus fusion protein which blocks virus–cell fusion. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273:27182–27190
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Griffin D. E., Bellini W. J. 1995; Measles virus. In Fields Virology pp 1267–1312 Edited by Fields B. N., Knipe D. M., Howley P. M. Philadelphia: Lippincott–Raven;
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Hirayama M. 1983; Measles vaccines used in Japan. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 5:495–503
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Horvath C. M., Lamb R. A. 1992; Studies on the fusion peptide of a paramyxovirus fusion glycoprotein: roles of conserved residues in cell fusion. Journal of Virology 66:2443–2455
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Joshi S. B., Dutch R. E., Lamb R. A. 1998; A core trimer of the paramyxovirus fusion protein: parallels to influenza virus hemagglutinin and HIV-1 gp41. Virology 248:20–34
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Lamb R. A. 1993; Paramyxovirus fusion: a hypothesis for changes. Virology 197:1–11
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Makino S. 1983; Development and characteristics of live AIK-C measles virus vaccine: a brief report. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 5:504–505
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Mori T., Sasaki K., Hashimoto H., Makino S. 1993; Molecular cloning and complete nucleotide sequence of genomic RNA of the AIK-C strain of attenuated measles virus. Virus Genes 7:67–81
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Nakayama T., Mori T., Yamaguchi S., Sonoda S., Asamura S., Yamashita R., Takeuchi Y., Urano T. 1995; Detection of measles virus genome directly from clinical samples by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and genetic variability. Virus Research 35:1–16
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Nkrumah F. K., Osei-Kwasi M., Dunyo S. K., Koram K. A., Afari E. A. 1998; Comparison of AIK-C measles vaccine in infants at 6 months with Schwarz vaccine at 9 months: a randomized controlled trial in Ghana. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 76:353–359
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Pan American Health Organization 2000; Global measles efforts. In Expanded Programme on Immunization Newsletter XXII5 p. 8
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Redd S. C., Markowitz L. E., Katz S. L. 1999; Measles vaccine. In Vaccines pp 222–266 Edited by Plotkin S. A., Orenstein W A. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders;
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Rota J. S., Wang Z.-D., Rota P. A., Bellini W. J. 1994; Comparison of sequences of the H, F and N coding genes of measles virus strains. Virus Research 31:317–330
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Rota J. S., Heath J. L., Rota P. A., King G. E., Celma M. L., Carabana J., Fernandez-Munoz R., Brown D., Jin L., Bellini W. J. 1996; Molecular epidemiology of measles virus: identification of pathways of transmission and implications for measles elimination. Journal of Infectious Diseases 173:32–37
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Sasaki K. 1974; Studies on the modification of the live AIK measles vaccine. I. Adaptation of the further attenuated AIK measles virus (the strain of AIK-L33). to chick embryo cells. Kitasato Archives of Experimental Medicine 47:1–12
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Schneider H., Spielhofer P., Kaelin K., Dotsch C., Radecke F., Sutter G., Billeter M. A. 1997; Rescue of measles virus using a replication-deficient vaccinia-T7 vector. Journal of Virological Methods 64:557–564
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Sergel T., McGinnes L. W., Peeples M. E., Morrison T. G. 1993; The attachment function of the Newcastle disease virus haemagglutinin–neuraminidase protein can be separated from fusion promotion by mutation. Virology 193:717–726
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Sutter G., Ohlmann M., Erfle V. 1995; Non-replicating vaccinia vector efficiently expresses bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. FEBS Letters 371:9–12
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Takeda M., Kato A., Kobune F., Sakata H., Li Y., Shioda T., Sakai Y., Asakawa M., Nagai Y. 1998; Measles virus attenuation associated with transcriptional impediment and a few amino acid changes in the polymerase and accessory proteins. Journal of Virology 72:8690–8696
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Taylor J., Pincus S., Tartaglia J., Richardson C., Alkhatib G., Briedis D., Appel M., Norton E., Paoletti E. 1991; Vaccinia virus recombinants expressing either the measles virus fusion or haemagglutinin glycoprotein protect dogs against canine distemper virus challenge. Journal of Virology 65:4263–4274
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Tidjani O., Grunitsky B., Guerin N., Levy-Bruhl D., Lecam N., Xuereff C., Tatagan K. 1989; Serological effects of Edmonston-Zagreb, Schwarz, and AIK-C measles vaccine strains given at ages 4–5 or 8–10 months. Lancet ii:1357–1360
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Weiss R. 1991; Measles battle loses potent weapon. Science 259:546–547
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Whittle H. C., Mann G., Eccles M., O’Neill K., Jupp L., Hanlon P., Hanlon L., Marsh V. 1988; Effects of dose and strain of vaccine on success of measles vaccination of infants aged 4–5 months. Lancet i:963–966
    [Google Scholar]
  36. WHO 1992; Expanded Programme on Immunization: safety of high titre measles vaccines. Weekly Epidemiological Record 67:357–364
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Wild T. F., Buckland R. 1997; Inhibition of measles virus infection and fusion with peptides corresponding to the leucine zipper region of the fusion protein. Journal of General Virology 78:107–111
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Wild T. F., Malvoisin E., Buckland R. 1991; Measles virus: both the haemagglutinin and fusion glycoproteins are required for fusion. Journal of General Virology 72:439–442
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Wild T. F., Fayolle J., Beauverger P., Buckland R. 1994; Measles virus fusion: role of the cysteine-rich region of the fusion glycoprotein. Journal of Virology 68:7546–7548
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-9-2143
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-9-2143
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error