1887

Abstract

An emerging amount of data indicates a correlation between gender-related factors and regulation of virus infection and supports what is known in clinical circles, that these topics are of great importance in many infectious diseases. In the present study we found that young adult NMRI male mice are more susceptible to infection by a variant of Friend murine leukaemia virus, FIS-2, than are female mice. We observed that the level of virus in serum, bone marrow and spleen was initially higher in male mice. Male mice were also more susceptible to FIS-2-induced immunosuppression. These results indicate a more efficient virus replication and dissemination in male mice. Studies with recombinant viruses between FIS-2 and the prototype Friend murine leukaemia virus revealed that FIS-2 LTR is one major factor contributing to the observed gender differences. A possible sex hormone influence on FIS-2 transcription due to the presence of a glucocorticoid response element in FIS-2 LTR is discussed.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-8-1821
2001-08-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/82/8/0821821a.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-8-1821&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Beato M., Chalepakis G., Schauer M., Slater E. P. 1989; DNA regulatory elements for steroid hormones. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 32:737–748
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Cato C. B., Miksicek R., Schütz G., Arnemann J., Beato M. 1986; The hormone regulatory element of mouse mammary tumor virus mediates progesterone induction. EMBO Journal 5:2237–2240
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Chesebro B., Wehrly K., Cloyd M., Britt W., Portis J., Collins J., Nishio J. 1981; Characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for Friend murine leukemia virus-induced erythroleukemia cells: Friend-specific and FMR-specific antigens. Virology 112:131–144
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Chesebro B., Miyazawa M., Britt W. J. 1990; Host genetic control of spontaneous and induced immunity to Friend murine leukemia virus. Annual Review of Immunology 8:477–499
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Dai H. Y., Faxvaag A., Troseth G. I., Aarseth H., Dalen A. 1994; Molecular cloning and characterization of an immunosuppressive and weakly oncogenic variant of Friend murine leukemia virus, FIS-2. Journal of Virology 68:6976–6984
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Dai H. Y., Troseth G. I., Gunleksrud M., Bruland T., Solberg L. A., Aarseth H., Kristiansen L. I., Dalen A. 1998; Identification of genetic determinants responsible for the rapid immunosuppressive activity and the low leukemogenic potential of a variant of Friend leukemia virus, FIS-2. Journal of Virology 72:1244–1251
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Darbre P., Page M., King R. J. 1986; Androgen regulation by the long terminal repeat of mouse mammary tumor virus. Molecular and Cellular Biology 6:2847–2854
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Farzadegan H., Hoover D. R., Astemborski J., Lyles C. M., Margolick J. M., Markham R. B., Quinn T. C., Vlahov D. 1998; Sex differences in HIV-1 viral load and progression to AIDS. Lancet 352:1510–1514
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Faxvaag A., Dai H. Y., Aarseth H., Dalen A. B. 1993; A low oncogenic variant of Friend murine leukemia virus with strong immunosuppressive properties. Archives of Virology 131:265–275
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Gillespie A. V., Roskow K. E. K. 1968; The influence of sex upon the development of Friend virus leukemia. International Journal of Cancer 3:867–875
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Grist N. R., Ross C. A., Bell E. J. 1990; Neutralization tests. In Diagnostic Methods in Clinical Virology , chapter 6 Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications;
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Hasenkrug K. J., Chesebro B. 1997; Immunity to retroviral infection: the Friend virus model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 94:7811–7816
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hasenkrug K. J., Dittmert U. 2000; The role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in recovery and protection from retroviral infection: lessons from the Friend virus model. Virology 272:244–249
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Ho D. D. 1996; Viral counts count in HIV infection. Science 272:1124–1125
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Kolesnitchenko V., Snart R. S. 1992; Regulatory elements in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat LTR (HIV-1) responsive to steroid hormone stimulation. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 8:1977–1980
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Lifson J. D., Nowak M. A., Goldstein S., Rossio J. L., Kinter A., Vasquez G., Wiltrout T. A., Browns C., Schneider D., Wahl L., Lloyd A. L., Williams J., Elkins W. R., Fauci A. S., Hirsch V. M. 1997; The extent of early viral replication is a critical determinant of the natural history of simian immunodeficiency virus infection. Journal of Virology 71:9508–9514
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Marx P. A., Spira A. I., Gettie A., Dailey P. J., Veazey R. S., Lackner A. A., Mahoney C. J., Miller C. J., Claypool L. E., Ho D. D., Alexander N. J. 1996; Progesterone implants enhance SIV vaginal transmission and early virus load. Nature Medicine 2:1084–1089
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Mellors J. W., Rinaldo C. R. Jr, Gupta P., White R. M., Todd J. A., Kingsley L. A. 1996; Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma. Science 272:1167–1170
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Miksicek R., Heber A., Schmid W., Danesch U., Posseckert G., Beato M., Schuts G. 1986; Glucocorticoid responsiveness of the transcriptional enhancer of Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Cell 46:283–290
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Mitra D., Sikder S. K., Leurence J. 1995; Role of glucocorticoid receptor binding sites in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat in steroid-mediated suppression of HIV gene expression. Virology 214:512–521
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Moens H., Subramaniam N., Johansen B., Johansen T., Traavik T. 1994; A steroid hormone response unit in the late leader of the noncoding control region of the human polyomavirus BK confers enhanced host cell permissivity. Journal of Virology 68:2398–2408
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Niermann G. L., Buehring G. C. 1997; Hormone regulation of bovine leukemia virus via the long terminal repeat. Virology 239:249–258
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Otten A. D., Sanders M. M., McKnight G. S. 1988; The MMTV LTR promotor is induced by progesterone and dihydrotestosterone but not by estrogen. Molecular Endocrinology 2:143–147
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Sarzotti M., Robbins D. S., Hoffmann P. M. 1996; Induction of protective CTL responses in newborn mice by murine retrovirus. Science 271:1726–1728
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Schüle R., Muller M., Kaltschmidt C., Renkawitz R. 1988; Many transcription factors interact synergistically with steroid receptors. Science 242:1418–1420
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Smith S. M., Baskin G. B., Marx P. A. 2000; Estrogen protects against vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 182:708–715
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Sodora D. L., Gettie A., Miller C. J., Marx P. A. 1998; Vaginal transmission of SIV: assessing infectivity and hormonal influences in macaque inoculated with cell-free and cell-associated viral stocks. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 14:119–123
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Soldaini E., Matteucci D., Lopez-Cepero M., Specter S., Friedmann H., Bendinelli M. 1989; Friend leukemia complex infection of mice as an experimental model for AIDS studies. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 21:97–110
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Soudeyns H., Geleziunas R., Shyamala G., Hiscott J., Wainberg M. A. 1993; Identification of a novel glucocorticoid element within the genome of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Virology 194:758–768
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Sterling T. R., Lyles C. M., Vlahov D., Astemborski J. 1999; Sex difference in longitudinal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 levels among seroconverters. Journal of Infectious Diseases 180:666–672
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Troxler D. H., Ruscetti S. K., Scolnick E. M. 1980; The molecular biology of Friend virus. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 605:305–324
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Tur-Kaspa R., Burk R. D., Shaul Y., Shafritz D. A. 1986; Hepatitis B virus DNA contains a glucocorticoid-responsive element. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 83:1627–1631
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Vassiliadou N., Tucker L., Anderson D. J. 1999; Progesterone induced inhibition of chemokine receptor expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with reduced HIV-1 infectability in vitro. Journal of Immunology 162:7510–7518
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Watson A., Ranchalis J., Travis B., McLure J., Sutton W., Philip R. J., Hu S. H., Haigwood N. 1997; Plasma viremia in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus: plasma viral load early in infection predicts survival. Journal of Virology 71:284–290
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Whitacre C. C., Reingold S. C., O’Looney P. A., Force T. 1999; A gender gap in autoimmunity, supplementary material; sex difference in autoimmune disease: focus on multiple sclerosis. Science 283:1277–1278
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Wu J. U., Robinson D., Kung H. J., Hatzoglou M. 1994; Hormonal regulation of the gene for the type C ecotropic retrovirus receptor in rat liver cells. Journal of Virology 68:1615–1623
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-8-1821
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-8-1821
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error