1887

Abstract

We used a recombinant of S nucleopolyhedrovirus containing the / reporter cassette (HzSNPV-/) to quantify mortality relationships and to elucidate early pathogenesis in two permissive hosts, and , and one semi-permissive host, . Fourth instar were highly resistant to fatal infection both by oral injection of occlusions and by intrahaemocoelic injection of budded virus, indicating the presence of both midgut and systemic mechanisms of resistance. In bioassays, newly moulted (4) were significantly more susceptible than 4 to fatal infection, but mortality levels were the same for larval cohorts inoculated 16 h after the moult (4). Developmental resistance was stronger in and in both hosts, partially reversed by administration of the optical brightener M2R. In both species, developmental resistance was correlated with a reduced ability of HzSNPV to establish and/or maintain primary midgut infections. In time-course experiments using a dosage of 15 occlusions (∼LD), expression marking the onset of primary and secondary infection was first observed in midgut columnar and tracheal cells at 4 and 12 h, respectively. Inoculation of 4 larvae resulted in approximately twofold more foci in larvae than in , but larvae sloughed infected midgut cells at a faster rate. For both heliothines, interaction of occlusion-derived virus with primary cellular targets within the midgut epithelium was critical to the outcome of infection and a key process underlying acquisition of developmental resistance.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-7-1777
2001-07-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/82/7/0821777a.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-7-1777&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Allen G. E., Ignoffo C. M. 1969; The nucleopolyhedrosis virus of Heliothis : quantitative in vivo estimates of virulence. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 13:378–381
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Benz G. A. 1986; Introduction: historical perspectives. In The Biology of Baculoviruses pp 1–37 Edited by Granados R. R., Federici B. A. Boca Raton: CRC Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Black B. C., Brennan L. A., Dierks P. M., Gard I. E. 1997; Commercialization of baculoviral insecticides. In The Baculoviruses pp 341–388 Edited by Miller L. K. New York: Plenum Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Engelhard E. K., Volkman L. E. 1995; Developmental resistance within fourth instar Trichoplusia ni orally inoculated with Autographa californica M nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Virology 209:384–389
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Engelhard E. K., Kam-Morgan L. N. W., Washburn J. O., Volkman L. E. 1994; The insect tracheal system: a conduit for the systemic spread of Autographa californica M nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 91:3224–3227
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Forschler B. T., Young S. Y., Felton G. W. 1992; Diet and the susceptibility of Helicoverpa zea (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Environmental Entomology 21:1220–1223
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Granados R. R., Williams K. A. 1986; In vivo infection and replication of baculoviruses. In The Biology of Baculoviruses pp 89–108 Edited by Granados R. R., Federici B. A. Boca Raton: CRC Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Hamm J. J., Shapiro M. 1992; Infectivity of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) nuclear polyhedrovirus enhanced by a fluorescent brightener. Journal of Economic Entomology 85:2149–2152
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Hoover K., Yee J. L., Schultz C. M., Hammock B. D., Rocke D. M., Duffy S. S. 1998; Effects of plant identity and chemical constituents on the efficacy of a baculovirus against Heliothis virescens . Journal of Chemical Ecology 24:221–225
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Hoover K., Washburn J. O., Volkman L. E. 2000; Midgut-based resistance of Heliothis virescens to baculovirus infection mediated by phytochemicals in cotton. Journal of Insect Physiology 46:999–1007
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Ignoffo C. M. 1963; Susceptibility of the first instar of the bollworm, Heliothis zea , and the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens , to Heliothis nuclear-polyhedrosis virus. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 5:187–195
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Ignoffo C. M. 1973; Development of a viral insecticide: concept to commercialization. Experimental Parasitology 33:380–406
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Ignoffo C. M., Couch T. L. 1981; The nucleopolyhedrosis virus of Heliothis species as a microbial insecticide. In Microbial Control of Pests and Plant Diseases pp 1970–1980 Edited by Burgess H. D. New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Kasman L. M., Volkman L. E. 2000; Filamentous actin is required for lepidopteran nucleopolyhedrovirus progeny production. Journal of General Virology 81:1881–1888
    [Google Scholar]
  15. King E. G., Coleman R. J. 1989; Potential for biological control of Heliothis species. Annual Review of Entomology 34:53–75
    [Google Scholar]
  16. McIntosh A. H., Andrews P. A., Ignoffo C. M. 1981; Establishment of two continuous cell lines of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In Vitro 17:649–650
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Shapiro M. 1992; Use of optical brighteners as radiation protection for gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nuclear polyhedrovirus. Journal of Economic Entomology 85:1682–1686
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Shapiro M., Dougherty E. M. 1994; Enhancement in activity of homologous and heterologous viruses against the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) by an optical brightener. Journal of Economic Entomology 87:361–365
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Stairs G. R. 1965; Quantitative differences in susceptibility to nuclearpolyhedrosis virus among larval instars of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hubner). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 7:427–429
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Summers M. D., Smith G. E. 1987; A Manual of Methods for Baculovirus Vectors and Insect Cell Culture Procedures . Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin no: 1555
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Teakle R. E., Jensen J. M., Giles J. E. 1986; Age-related susceptibility of Heliothis punctiger to a commercial formulation of nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 47:82–92
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Wang P., Granados R. R. 2000; Calcoflour disrupts the midgut defense system in insects. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 30:135–143
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Washburn J. O., Kirkpatrick B. A., Volkman L. E. 1995; Comparative pathogenesis of Autographa californica M nuclear polyhedrosis virus in larvae of Trichoplusia ni and Heliothis virescens . Virology 209:561–568
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Washburn J. O., Kirkpatrick B. A., Haas-Stapleton E., Volkman L. E. 1998; Evidence that the stilbene-derived optical brightener M2R enhances Autographa californica M nucleopolyhedrovirus infection of Trichoplusia ni and Heliothis virescens by preventing sloughing of infected midgut epithelial cells. Biological Control 11:58–69
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Zou Y., Young S. Y. 1994; Enhancement of nuclear polyhedrosis virus activity in larval pests of lepidoptera by a stilbene fluorescent brightener. Journal of Entomological Science 29:130–133
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Zuidema D., Schouten A., Usmany M., Maule A. J., Belsham G. J., Roosien J., Klinge-Roode E. C., van Lent J. W. M., Vlak J. M. 1990; Expression of cauliflower mosaic virus gene I in insect cells using a novel polyhedrin-based baculovirus expression vector. Journal of General Virology 71:2201–2209
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-7-1777
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-7-1777
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error