1887

Abstract

The antigenic structure of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) serotype 4 capsid protein VP2 has been determined at the peptide level by PEPSCAN analysis in combination with a large collection of polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies. VP2, the determinant for the virus serotype and an important target in virus neutralization, was found to contain 15 antigenic sites. A major antigenic region containing 12 of the 15 sites was identified in the region between residues 223 and 400. A second domain between residues 568 and 681 contained the three remaining sites. These sites were used for the synthesis of peptides, which were later tested in rabbits. Of the 15 synthetic peptides, three were able to induce neutralizing antibodies for AHSV-4, defining two neutralizing epitopes, ‘a’ and ‘b’, between residues 321 and 339, and 377 and 400, respectively. A combination of peptides representing both sites induced a more effective neutralizing response. Still, the relatively low neutralization titres make the possibility of producing a synthetic vaccine for AHSV unlikely. The complex protein–protein interaction of the outer shell of the viral capsid would probably require the presence of either synthetic peptides in the correct conformation or peptide segments from the different proteins VP2, VP5 and VP7.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-10-2415
2001-10-01
2024-12-08
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/82/10/0822415a.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-10-2415&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Basak A. K., Gouet P., Grimes J., Roy P., Stuart D. 1996; Crystal structure of the top domain of African horse sickness virus VP7: comparisons with bluetongue virus VP7. Journal of Virology 70:3797–3806
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bentley L., Fehrsen J., Jordaan F., Huismans H., du Plessis D. H. 2000; Identification of antigenic regions on VP2 of African horsesickness virus serotype 3 by using phage-displayed epitope libraries. Journal of General Virology 81:993–1000
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bremer C. W., Huismans H., Van Dijk A. A. 1990; Characterization and cloning of the African horsesickness virus genome. Journal of General Virology 71:793–799
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Buchbinder A., Karwowska S., Gorny M. K., Burda S. T., Zolla-Pazner S. 1992; Synergy between human monoclonal antibodies to HIV extends their effective biologic activity against homologous and divergent strains. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 8:425–427
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Burrage T. G., Trevejo R., Stone-Marschat M., Laegreid W. W. 1993; Neutralizing epitopes of African horsesickness virus serotype 4 are located on VP2. Virology 196:799–803
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Dalsgaard K., Uttenthal A., Jones T. D., Xu F., Merryweather A., Hamilton W. D., Langeveld J. P., Boshuizen R. S., Kamstrup S., Lomonossoff G. P., Porta C., Vela C., Casal J. I., Meloen R. H., Rodgers P. B. 1997; Plant-derived vaccine protects target animals against a viral disease. Nature Biotechnology 15:248–252
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Davis D., Stephens D. M., Carne C. A., Lachmann P. J. 1993; Antisera raised against the second variable region of the external envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 cross-neutralize and show an increased neutralization index when they act together with antisera to the V3 neutralization epitope. Journal of General Virology 74:2609–2617
    [Google Scholar]
  8. DeMaula C. D., Heidner H. W., Rossitto P. V., Pierce C. M., MacLachlan N. J. 1993; Neutralization determinants of United States bluetongue virus serotype ten. Virology 195:292–296
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Geysen H. M., Meloen R. H., Barteling S. J. 1984; Use of peptide synthesis to probe viral antigens for epitopes to a resolution of a single amino acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 81:3998–4002
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Gould A. R., Eaton B. T. 1990; The amino acid sequence of the outer coat protein VP2 of neutralizing monoclonal antibody-resistant, virulent and attenuated bluetongue viruses. Virus Research 17:161–172
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Gould A. R., Hyatt A. D., Eaton B. T. 1988; Morphogenesis of a bluetongue virus variant with an amino acid alteration at a neutralization site in the outer coat protein, VP2. Virology 165:23–32
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Grimes J., Basak A. K., Roy P., Stuart D. 1995; The crystal structure of bluetongue virus VP7. Nature 373:167–170
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Grubman M. J., Appleton J. A., Letchworth G. J.III. 1983; Identification of bluetongue virus type 17 genome segments coding for polypeptides associated with virus neutralization and intergroup reactivity. Virology 131:355–366
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Hewat E. A., Booth T. F., Roy P. 1992; Structure of bluetongue virus particles by cryoelectron microscopy. Journal of Structural Biology 109:61–69
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Howell P. G. 1962; The isolation and identification of further antigenic types of African horsesickness virus. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 29:139–149
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Iorio R. M., Bratt M. A. 1984; Neutralization of Newcastle disease virus by monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein: requirement for antibody to four sites for complete neutralization . Journal of Virology 51:445–451
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Iwata H., Yamagawa M., Roy P. 1992; Evolutionary relationships among the gnat-transmitted orbiviruses that cause African horse sickness, bluetongue, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease as evidenced by their capsid protein sequences. Virology 191:251–261
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Jewell J. E., Mecham J. O. 1994; Identification of an amino acid on VP2 that affects neutralization of bluetongue virus serotype 10. Virus Research 33:139–144
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Kyte J., Doolittle R. F. 1982; A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein . . Journal of Molecular Biology 157:105–132
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Laal S., Burda S., Gorny M. K., Karwowska S., Buchbinder A., Zolla-Pazner S. 1994; Synergistic neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by combinations of human monoclonal antibodies. Journal of Virology 68:4001–4008
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Langeveld J. P., Casal J. I., Osterhaus A. D., Cortes E., de Swart R., Vela C., Dalsgaard K., Puijk W. C., Schaaper W. M., Meloen R. H. 1994; First peptide vaccine providing protection against viral infection in the target animal: studies of canine parvovirus in dogs. Journal of Virology 68:4506–4513
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Marshall J. J., Roy P. 1990; High level expression of the two outer capsid proteins of bluetongue virus serotype 10: their relationship with the neutralization of virus infection. Virus Research 15:189–195
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Martínez-Torrecuadrada J. L., Casal J. I. 1995; Identification of a linear neutralization domain in the protein VP2 of African horse sickness virus. Virology 210:391–399
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Martínez-Torrecuadrada J. L., Iwata H., Venteo A., Casal J. I., Roy P. 1994; Expression and characterization of the two outer capsid proteins of African horsesickness virus: the role of VP2 in virus neutralization. Virology 202:348–359
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Martínez-Torrecuadrada J. L., Diaz-Laviada M., Roy P., Sanchez C., Vela C., Sanchez-Vizcaino J. M., Casal J. I. 1996; Full protection against African horsesickness (AHS) in horses induced by baculovirus-derived AHS virus serotype 4 VP2, VP5 and VP7. Journal of General Virology 77:1211–1221
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Martínez-Torrecuadrada J. L., Langeveld J. P., Venteo A., Sanz A., Dalsgaard K., Hamilton W. D., Meloen R. H., Casal J. I. 1999; Antigenic profile of African horse sickness virus serotype 4 VP5 and identification of a neutralizing epitope shared with bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. Virology 257:449–459
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Mayo M. A., Pringle C. R. 1998; Virus taxonomy–1997. Journal of General Virology 79:649–657
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Purdy M. A., Ghiasi H., Rao C. D., Roy P. 1985; Complete sequence of bluetongue virus L2 RNA that codes for the antigen recognized by neutralizing antibodies. Journal of Virology 55:826–830
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Rossitto P. V., MacLachlan N. J. 1992; Neutralizing epitopes of the serotypes of bluetongue virus present in the United States. Journal of General Virology 73:1947–1952
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Roy P., Urakawa T., Van Dijk A. A., Erasmus B. J. 1990; Recombinant virus vaccine for bluetongue disease in sheep. Journal of Virology 64:1998–2003
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Roy P., Mertens P. P., Casal J. I. 1994; African horse sickness virus structure. Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 17:243–273
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Venter M., Napier G., Huismans H. 2000; Cloning, sequencing and expression of the gene that encodes the major neutralisation-specific antigen of African horsesickness virus serotype 9. Journal of Virological Methods 86:41–53
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Vijh-Warrier S., Pinter A., Honnen W. J., Tilley S. A. 1996; Synergistic neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by a chimpanzee monoclonal antibody against the V2 domain of gp120 in combination with monoclonal antibodies against the V3 loop and the CD4-binding site. Journal of Virology 70:4466–4473
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Vreede F. T., Huismans H. 1994; Cloning, characterization and expression of the gene that encodes the major neutralization-specific antigen of African horsesickness virus serotype 3. Journal of General Virology 75:3629–3633
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Weijer W. J., Drijfhout J. W., Geerligs H. J., Bloemhoff W., Feijlbrief M., Bos C. A., Hoogerhout P., Kerling K. E. T., Popken-Boer T., Slopsema K., Wilterdink J. B., Welling G. W., Welling-Wester S. 1988; Antibodies against synthetic peptides of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D and their capability to neutralize viral infectivity in vitro . Journal of Virology 62:501–510
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-10-2415
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-82-10-2415
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error