Binding sites for transcriptional regulation by the Myb protein have been identified in the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of the H-type human endogenous retrovirus-like elements (HERV-H). Transfection assays using reporter plasmids containing the luciferase gene under the control of a HERV-H LTR disclosed a sevenfold increase in promoter activity in human teratocarcinoma cells when cotransfected with an expression vector for the Myb protein. Binding sites for Myb were unambiguously identified within the LTR by both DNase I footprinting experiments and mobility shift assays using a bacterially expressed purified Myb recombinant protein. Possible roles of these Myb-responsive elements are discussed.
AnderssenS.,
SjottemE.,
SvinengG.,
JohansenT.1997; Comparative analyses of LTRs of the ERV-H family of primate-specific retrovirus-like elements isolated from marmoset, African green monkey, and man. Virology 234:14–30
BosselutR.,
LimF.,
RomondP.-C.,
FramptonJ.,
BradyJ.,
GhysdaelJ.1992; Myb protein binds to multiple sites in the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 long terminal repeat and transactivates LTR-mediated expression. Virology 186:764–769
CavarecL.,
JensenS.,
CasellaJ.-F.,
CristescuS. A.,
HeidmannT.1997; Molecular cloning and characterization oftranscription factor for the copia retrotransposon with homology to the BTB-containing Lola neurogenic factor. Molecular and Cellular Biology 17:482–494
DasguptaP.,
SaikumarP.,
ReddyC. D.,
ReddyP.1990; Myb protein binds to human immunodeficiency virus 1 long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences and transactivates LTR-mediated transcription. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 87:8090–8094
DasguptaP.,
ReddyC. D.,
SaikumarP.,
ReddyP.1992; The cellular proto-oncogene product Myb acts as transcriptional activator of the long terminal repeat of human T-lymphotropic virus type I. Journal of Virology 66:270–276
FeuchterA. E.,
MagerD. L.1992; SV40 large T antigen trans- activates the long terminal repeats of a large family of human endogenous retrovirus-like sequences. Virology 187:242–250
FeuchterA. E.,
FreemanJ. D.,
MagerD. L.1992; Strategy for detecting cellular transcripts promoted by human endogenous long terminal repeats: identification of a novel gene (CDC4L) with homology to yeast CDC4. Genomics 13:1237–1246
Feuchter-MurthyA. E.,
FreemanJ. D.,
MagerD. L.1993; Splicing of a human endogenous retrovirus to a novel phospholipase A2 related gene. Nucleic Acids Research 21:135–143
GoodchildN. L.,
WilkinsonD. A.,
MagerD. L.1993; Recent evolutionary expansion of a subfamily of RTVL-H human endogenous retrovirus-like elements. Virology 196:778–788
HiroseY.,
TakamatsuM.,
HaradaF.1993; Presence of env genes in members of the RTLV-H family of human endogenous retrovirus-like elements. Virology 192:52–61
KelleherC. A.,
WilkinsonD. A.,
FreemanJ. D.,
MagerD. L.,
GelfandE. W.1996; Expression of novel transposon-containing mRNAs in human T cells. Journal of General Virology 77:1101–1110
KowalskiP. E.,
MagerD. L.1998; A human endogenous retrovirus suppresses translation of an associated fusion transcript, PLA2L. Journal of Virology 72:6164–6168
LindeskogM.,
MedstrandP.,
BlombergJ.1993; Sequence variation of human endogenous retrovirus ERV9-related elements in an env region corresponding to an immunosuppressive peptide: transcription in normal and neoplastic cells. Journal of Virology 67:1122–1126
LiuA. Y.,
AbrahamB. A.1991; Subtractive cloning of a hybrid human endogenous retrovirus and calbindin gene in the prostate cell line PC3. Cancer Research 51:4107–4110
LöwerR.,
LowerJ.,
KurthR.1996; The viruses in all of us: characteristics and biological significance of human endogenous retrovirus sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 93:5177–5184
MagerD. L.1989; Polyadenylation function and sequence variability of the long terminal repeats of the human endogenous retrovirus-like family RTVL-H. Virology 173:591–599
MagerD. L.,
FreemanJ. D.1987; Human endogenous retroviruslike genome with type C pol sequences and gag sequences related to human T-cell lymphotrophic viruses. Journal of Virology 61:4060–4066
MagerD. L.,
HenthornP. S.1984; Identification of a retrovirus-like repetitive element in human DNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 81:7510–7514
MedstrandP.,
LindeskogM.,
BlombergJ.1992; Expression of human endogenous retroviral sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy individuals. Journal of General Virology 73:2463–2466
MillerW. H. J.,
MoyD.,
LiA.,
GrippoJ. F.,
DmitrovskyE.1990; Retinoic acid induces down-regulation of several growth factors and proto-oncogenes in a human embryonal cancer cell line. Oncogene 5:511–517
NelsonD. T.,
GoodchildN. L.,
MagerD. L.1996; Gain of SP1 sites and loss of repressor sequences associated with a young transcriptionally active subset of HERV-H endogenous LTR. Virology 220:213–218
SjottemE.,
AnderssenS.,
JohansenT.1996; The promoter activity of long terminal repeats of the HERV-H family of human retrovirus-like elements is critically dependent on Sp1 family protein interacting with a GC/GT box located immediately 37 to the TATA box. Journal of Virology 70:188–198
UrnovitzH. B.,
MurphyW. H.1996; Human endogenous retroviruses: nature, occurrence, and clinical implications in human disease. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 9:72–99
WilkinsonD. A.,
FreemanJ. D.,
GoodchildN. L.,
KelleherC. A.,
MagerD. L.1990; Autonomous expression of RTVL-H endogenous retrovirus-like elements inhuman cells. JournalofVirology 64:2157–2167
WilkinsonD. A.,
GoodchildN. L.,
SaxtonT. M.,
WoodS.,
MagerD. L.1993; Evidence of a functional subclass of the RTLV-H family of human endogenous retrovirus-like sequences. Journal of Virology 67:2981–2989
WilkinsonD. A.,
MagerD. L.,
LeongJ.-A. C.1994; Endogenous human retroviruses. In The Retroviridae pp 465–535 Edited by
LevyJ. A.
New York: Plenum Press;