Author for correspondence: Andreas Kolb. Present address: Hannah Research Institute, Ayr KA6 5HL, UK. Fax +44 1292 674003. e-mailkolba@main.hri.sari.ac.uk
Feline aminopeptidase N (fAPN) is a major cell surface receptor for feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), human coronavirus 229E (HCV 229E) and canine coronavirus (CCV). By using chimeric molecules assembled from porcine, human and feline APN we have analysed the determinants involved in the coronavirus receptor function of fAPN. Our results show that amino acids 670–840 of fAPN are critically involved in its FIPV and TGEV receptor function whereas amino acids 135–297 are essential for the HCV 229E receptor function. We also demonstrate that a chimeric molecule assembled from human and porcine APN is able to act as a receptor for FIPV. This is surprising as neither human nor porcine APN by themselves mediate FIPV infection. These results suggest that different determinants in the APN protein are involved in mediating the coronavirus receptor function.
BarloughJ. E.,
StoddartC. A.,
SorressoG. P.,
JacobsonR. H.,
ScottF. W.1984; Experimental inoculation of cats with canine coronavirus and subsequent challenge with feline enteric coronavirus isolates. Laboratory Animal Science 34:592–597
BarloughJ. E.,
Johnson-LussenburgC. M.,
StoddartC. A.,
JacobsonR. H.,
ScottF. W.1985; Experimental inoculation of cats with human coronavirus 229E and subsequent challenge with feline infectious peritonitis virus. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine 49:303–307
de GrootR. J.,
HaarR. T. J.,
HorzinekM. C.,
van der ZeijstB. A. M. V.1987; Intracellular RNAs of the feline peritonitis coronavirus strain 79-1146. Journal of General Virology 68:995–1002
DelmasB.,
GelfiJ.,
L’HaridonR.,
VogelL. K.,
SjöströmH.,
NorenO.,
LaudeH.1992; Aminopeptidase N is a major receptor for the entero-pathogenic coronavirus TGEV. Nature 357:417–420
DelmasB.,
GelfiJ.,
SjostromH.,
NorenO.,
LaudeH.1993; Further characterization of aminopeptidase-N as a receptor for corona-viruses. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 342:293–298
DelmasB.,
GelfiJ.,
KutE.,
SjöströmH.,
NorenO.,
LaudeH.1994; Determinants essential for the transmissible gastroenteritis virus-receptor interaction reside within a domain of aminopeptidase-N that is distinct from the enzymatic site. Journal of Virology 68:5216–5224
Jacobse-GeelsH. E. L.,
HorzinekM. C.1983; Expression of feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus antigens on the surface of feline macrophage-like cells. Journal of General Virology 64:1859–1866
KolbA. F.,
MaileJ.,
HeisterA.,
SiddellS. G.1996; Characterization of functional domains in the human coronavirus HCV 229E receptor. Journal of General Virology 77:2515–2521
KolbA. F.,
HegyiA.,
SiddellS. G.1997; Identification of residues critical for the human coronavirus 229E receptor function of human aminopeptidase N. Journal of General Virology 78:2795–2802
OlsenJ.,
CowellG. M.,
KonigshoferE.,
DanielsenE. M.,
MollerJ.,
LaustsenL.,
HansenO. C.,
WelinderK. G.,
EngbergJ.,
HunzikerW.,
SpiessM.,
SjöströmH.,
NorenO.1988; Complete amino acid sequence of human intestinal aminopeptidase N as deduced from cloned cDNA. FEBS Letters 238:307–314
RingoldG.,
YamamotoK. R.,
TomkinsG. M.,
BishopJ. M.,
VarmusH. E.1975; Dexamethasone mediated induction of MMTV-RNA: a system for studying glucocorticoid action. Cell 6:299–305
SanchezC. M.,
JimenezG.,
LaviadaM. D.,
CorreaI.,
SunéC.,
MaríaJ. B.,
GebauerF.,
SmerdouC.,
CallebautP.,
EscribanoJ. M.,
EnjuanesL.1990; Antigenic homology among coronaviruses related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Virology 174:410–417
TresnanD. B.,
LevisR.,
HolmesK. V.1996; Feline aminopeptidase N serves as a receptor for feline, canine, porcine, and human coronaviruses in serogroup I. Journal of Virology 70:8669–8674
YeagerC. L.,
AshmunR. A.,
WilliamsR. K.,
CardellichioC. B.,
ShapiroL. H.,
LookA. T.,
HolmesK. V.1992; Human amino-peptidase N is a receptor for human coronavirus 229E. Nature 357:420–422