@article{mbs:/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-9-2159, author = "Eskra, Linda and Splitter, Gary A.", title = "Bovine herpesvirus-1 infects activated CD4+ lymphocytes", journal= "Journal of General Virology", year = "1997", volume = "78", number = "9", pages = "2159-2166", doi = "https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-78-9-2159", url = "https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-9-2159", publisher = "Microbiology Society", issn = "1465-2099", type = "Journal Article", abstract = "Acute virus infections can induce immune deficiencies, as shown by immunosuppression to a variety of antigens and mitogens. Previously we observed that live bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) induced considerable lymphocyte death in culture, suggesting that the virus infected one or more cell populations. Our goal was to identify the cells infected by BHV-1 and the mechanism resulting in cell death. ConA activated cells were cultured with BHV-1 and stained with monoclonal antibodies specific for virus envelope glycoproteins (gB, gC and gD) and lymphocyte surface proteins (CD2, CD4 and CD8) and a molecule associated with γ/δ cells. Two- colour immunofluorescence revealed that virus glycoproteins were preferentially expressed on T lymphocytes of the CD4Mphenotype. Live virus was required for virus glycoprotein expression, and by 48 h considerable loss of CD4 expression was observed. To confirm virus replication, RNA was isolated from cells, reverse transcribed and amplified using primers to a 342 bp region of immediate- early and early genes (IER2.9/ER2.6) or a 392 bp region of an early gene (gD). Immediate-early/early gene products were detected in CD4 T lymphocytes but not in infectious virions. Lymphocyte apoptosis was observed by 7 h post-infection with increasing levels of cell death at 24–48 h after infection. These findings suggest that the loss of proliferating CD4 T cells during infection or vaccination with modified live vaccines provides the opportunity for secondary infections that commonly occur following BHV-1 infection.", }