1887

Journal of General Virology header logo

Volume 78, Issue 4

Insertions, duplications and substitutions in restricted gp90 regions of equine infectious anaemia virus during febrile episodes in an experimentally infected horse Free

Abstract

We have studied a horse which exhibited typical clinical signs of disease when experimentally infected with a non-adapted virulent strain of equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV), designated V70. Five viruses (F1V, F2V, F3V, F4V and F5V) were recovered during periodic febrile episodes. Crossneutralization tests revealed that all of these variants and the parental V70 were antigenically distinct. Sequencing of their full-length gp90 genes and gp45 5′ sequences revealed novel mutations at a limited number of nucleotide positions, consisting of insertions and duplications in the gp90 principal neutralizing domain (PND) in F1V, F3V and F5V. Parts or all of small units (6, 9 and 12 nucleotides) located just before the insertion site were used for the duplications. Furthermore, amino acid substitutions in the PND and hypervariable region were also observed in all five viruses. These mutations may contribute to the generation of serial variants. Consequently, the full-length gp90 sequences showed close relationships between V70, F2V and F4V, and between F1V, F3V and F5V. In addition to the two domains (PND and hypervariable region), a comparison of these viruses with the reported gp90 sequences revealed four additional variable domains, although these four domains were highly conserved among the five variants.

  • Published Online:
© Society for General Microbiology 1997
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-807
1997-04-01
2024-04-23
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/78/4/9129653.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-807&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Alexandersen S., Carpenter S. 1991; Characterization of variable regions in the envelope and S3 open reading frame of equine infectious anemia virus. Journal of Virology 65: 4255–4262
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Ball J. M., Rushlow K. E., Issel C. J., Montelaro R. C. 1992; Detailed mapping of the antigenicity of the surface glycoprotein of equine infectious anemia virus by using synthetic peptide strategies. Journal of Virology 66: 732–742
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Carpenter S., Chesebro B. 1989; Change in host cell tropism associated with in vitro replication of equine infectious anemia virus. Journal of Virology 63:2492–2496
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Carpenter S., Evans L. H., Sevoian M., Chesebro B. 1987; Role of the host immune response in selection of equine infectious anemia virus variants. Journal of Virology 61:3783–3789
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Carpenter S., Alexandersen S., Long M. J., Perryman S., Chesebro B. 1991; Identification of a hypervariable region in the long terminal repeat of equine anemia virus. Journal of Virology 65: 1605–1610
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Cheevers W. P., McGuire T. C. 1985; Equine infectious anemia virus: immunopathogenesis and persistence. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 7:83–88
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Cook R. F., Berger S. L., Rushlow K., McManus J. M., Cook S. J., Harrold S., Rabbe M. L., Montelaro R. C., Issel C. J. 1995; Enhanced sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies in a variant of equine infectious anemia virus is linked to amino acid substitutions in the surface unit envelope glycoprotein. Journal of Virology 69: 1493–1499
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Cunningham T. P., Montelaro R. C., Rushlow K. E. 1993; Lentivirus envelope sequences and proviral genomes are stabilized in Escherichia coli when cloned into low copy-number plasmid vectors. Gene 124:93–98
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Gonda M. A., Charman H. P., Walker J. L., Coggins L. 1978; Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of equine infectious anemia virus. American Journal of Veterinary Research 39:731–740
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Hussain K. A., Issel C. J., Schnorr K. L., Rwambo P. M., Montelaro R. C. 1987; Antigenic analysis of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) variants by using monoclonal antibodies : epitopes of glycoprotein gp90 of EIAV stimulate neutralizing antibodies. Journal of Virology 61:2956–2961
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Kawakami T., Sherman L., Dahlberg J., Gazit A., Yaniv A., Tronick S. R., Aaronson S. A. 1987; Nucleotide sequence analysis of equine infectious anemia virus proviral DNA. Virology 158:300–312
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Kishi M., Zheng Y. -H., Bahmani M. K., Tokunaga K., Takahashi H., Kakinuma M., Lai P. L., Nonoyama M., Luftig R. B., Ikuta K. 1995; Naturally occurring mutations at accessory gene lead to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 persistent infection of CD4-positive T cells. Journal of Virology 69: 7507–7518
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Kobayashi K., Kono Y. 1967; Propagation and titration of equine infectious anemia virus in horse leukocyte culture. National Institute of Animal Health Quarterly 7: 8–20
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Kono Y., Kobayashi K. 1970; Changes in pathogenicity of equine infectious anemia virus during passages in horse leukocyte cultures. National Institute of Animal Health Quarterly 10:106–112
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Kono Y., Yokomizo Y. 1968; Attempts to cultivate the equine infectious anemia virus in various type of cells. National Institute of Animal Health Quarterly 8:182–186
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Kono Y., Kobayashi K., Fukunaga Y. 1973; Antigenic drift of equine infectious anemia virus in a chronically infected horses. Archives of Virology 41:1–10
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Koup R. A., Safrit J. T., Cao Y., Andrews C. A., McLeod G., Borkowsky W., Farthing C., Ho D. D. 1994; Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syndrome. Journal of Virology 68:4650–4655
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Lichtenstein D. L., Issel C. J., Montelaro R. C. 1996; Genomic quasispecies associated with the initiation of infection and disease in ponies experimentally infected with equine infectious anemia virus. Journal of Virology 70:3346–3354
     [Google Scholar]
  19. McGuire T. C., Lacy P. A., O’Rourke K. I. 1990; cDNA sequence of the env gene of a pathogenic equine infectious anemia lentivirus variant. Nucleic Acids Research 18:196
     [Google Scholar]
  20. McKnight A., Clapham P. R. 1995; Immune escape and tropism of HIV. Trends in Microbiology 3:356–360
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Malmquist W., Barnett D., Becvar D. 1973; Production of equine infectious anemia antigen in a persistently infected cell line. Archives of Virology 42:361–370
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Montelaro R. C., Parekh B., Orrego A., Issel C. J. 1984; Antigenic variation during persistent infection by equine infectious anemia virus, a retrovirus. Journal of Biological Chemistry 259: 10539–10544
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Nishimura M., Nakajima H. 1984; Structural proteins of equine infectious anemia virus and their antigenic activity. American Journal of Veterinary Research 45:5–10
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Nowak M. A., May R. M., Phillips R. E., Rowland-Jones S., Lalloo D. G., McAdam S., Klenerrman P., Kopper B., Sigmund K., Bangham C. R. M., McMichael A. J. 1995; Antig enic oscillations and shifting immunodominance in HIV-1 infections. Nature 375: 606–611
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Orrego A., Issel C. J., Montelaro R. C., Adams W. V. 1982; Virulence and in vitro growth of a cell-adapted strain of equine infectious anemia virus after serial passage in ponies. American Journal of Veterinary Research 43:1556–1560
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Pantaleo G., Demarest J. F., Soudeyns H., Adelsberger J. W., Borrow P., Saag M. S., Shaw G. M., Sekaly R. P., Fauci A. 1994; Major expansion of CD8+ T cells with a predominant Vβ usage during the primary immune response to HIV. Nature 370:463–467
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Payne S. L., Fang F. -D., Liu C. P., Dhruva B. R., Rwambo P., Issel C. J., Montelaro R. C. 1987a; Antigenic variation and lentivirus persistence: variations in envelope gene sequences during EIAV infection resemble changes reported for sequential isolates of HIV. Virology 161:321–331
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Payne S. L., Salinovich O., Nauman S., Issel C., Montelaro R. 1987b; Course and extent of variation of equine infectious anemia virus during parallel persistent infections. Journal of Virology 61:1266–1270
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Payne S., Parekh B., Montelaro R. C., Issel C. J. 1984; Genomic alterations associated with persistent infections by equine infectious anaemia virus, a retrovirus. Journal of General Virology 65:1395–1399
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Payne S., Rushlow K., Dhruva B., Issel C., Montelaro R. 1989; Localization of conserved and variable antigenic domains of equine infectious anemia virus envelope glycoproteins using recombinant env- encoded protein fragments produced in Escherichia coli . Virology 172:609–615
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Payne S. L., Rausch J., Rushlow K., Montelaro R. C., Issel C., Flaherty M., Perry S., Sellon D., Fuller F. 1994; Characterization of infectious molecular clones of equine infectious anaemia virus. Journal of General Virology 75:425–429
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Perry S. T., Flaherty M. T., Kelley M. J., Clabough D. L., Tronick S. R., Coggins L., Whetter L., Lengel C. R., Fuller F. 1992; The surface envelope protein gene region of equine infectious anemia virus is not an important determinant of tropism in vitro. Journal of Virology 66:4085–4097
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Rushlow K., Olsen K., Stiegler G., Payne S. L., Montelaro R. C., Issel C. J. 1986; Lentivirus genomic organization: the complete nucleotide sequence of the env gene region of equine infectious anemia virus. Virology 155:309–321
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Salinovich O., Payne S. L., Montelaro R. C., Hussain K. A., Issel C. J., Schnorr K. L. 1986; Rapid emergence of novel antigenic and genetic variants of equine infectious anemia virus during persistent infection. Journal of Virology 57: 71–80
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Sellon D. C., Fuller F. J., McGuire T. C. 1994; The immuno- pathogenesis of equine infectious anemia virus. Virus Research 32:111–138
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-807
Loading
Insertions, duplications and substitutions in restricted gp90 regions of equine infectious anaemia virus during febrile episodes in an experimentally infected horse
J. Gen. Virol. 78, 807 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-807
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-807
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-807
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error