Antigenic variation among eight bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) isolates was determined using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the attachment (G) protein. Two major (and one intermediate) subgroups were identified, as well as one strain that did not fit any pattern. The subgroups could also be differentiated on the basis of the Mr of the F protein cleavage product, F2. The nucleotide sequence of the G gene of seven of the BRSV strains was determined and compared with published G gene sequences. Subgroups A and A/B were more closely related in protein sequence than subgroups A and Bor subgroups A/B and B. These results could not be correlated with those obtained by the determination of the Mr of the F2 polypeptide. Multiple sequence alignments showed a high level of amino acid identity at the inter-subgroup level (85% identity between subgroup A and subgroup B strains), similartothe intra-subgroup human (H)RSV identity, suggesting that the BRSV isolates form a continuum rather than distinct subgroups. However, unusual variability was observed within the immunodominant domain (amino acids 174–188) in contrast with the situation in HRSV strains belonging to the same subgroup.
AkerlindB., NorrbyE., OrvellC., MufsonM. A.1988; Respiratory syncytial virus: heterogeneity of subgroup B strains. Journal of General Virology 69:2145–2154
Akerlind-StopnerB., UtterG., MufsonM. A., OrvellC., LernerR. A., NorrbyE.1990; Subgroup-specific antigenic site in the G protein of respiratory syncytial virus forms a disulfide-bonded loop. Journal of Virology 64:5143–5148
CaneP. A., MatthewsD. A., PringleC. R.1991; Identification of variable domains of the attachment (G) protein of subgroup A respiratory syncytial viruses. Journal of General Virology 72:2091–2096
FurzeJ., WertzG., LerchR., TaylorG.1994; Antigenic heterogeneity of the attachment protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of General Virology 75: 363–370
GimenezH. B., HardmanN., KeirH. M., CashP.1986; Antigenic variation between respiratory syncytial virus isolates. Journal of General Virology 67:863–870
InabaY., TanakaY., SatoK., ItoH., OmoriT., MatumotoM.1970; Nomi virus, a virus isolated from an apparently new epizootic respiratory disease of cattle. Japanese Journal of Microbiology 14:246–248
JohnsonP. R., SpriggsM. K., OlmstedR. A., CollinsP. L.1987; The G glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus of subgroups A and B : extensive sequence divergence between antigenically related proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA: 845625–5629
KimmanT. G., ZimmerG. M., StraverP. J., De LeeuwP. W.1986; Diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections improved by virus detection in lung lavage samples. American Journal of Veterinary Research 47:143–147
LangedijkJ. P. M., MiddelW. G. J., SchaaperW. M. M., MeloenR. H., KrampsJ. A., BrandenburgA. H., van OirschotJ. T.1996a; Type-specific serologic diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection based on a synthetic peptide of the attachment protein G. Journal of Immunological Methods 193:157–166
LangedijkJ. P. M., SchaaperW. M. M., MeloenR. H., van OirschotJ. T.1996b; Proposed three-dimensional model for the attachment protein G of respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of General Virology 77:1249–1257
LerchR. A., StottE. J., WertzG. W.1989; Characterization of bovine respiratory syncytial virus proteins and mRNAs and generation of cDNA clones to the viral mRNAs. Journal of Virology 63:833–840
LerchR. A., AndersonK., WertzG. W.1990; Nucleotide sequence analysis and expression from recombinant vectors demonstrate that the attachment protein G of bovine respiratory syncytial virus is distinct from that of human respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of Virology 64:5559–5569
LerchR. A., AndersonK., AmannV. L., WertzG. W.1991; Nucleotide sequence analysis of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus fusion mRNA and expression from a recombinant vaccinia virus. Virology 181:118–131
MallipeddiS. K., SamalS. K.1993a; Sequence variability of the glycoprotein gene ofbovine respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of General Virology 74:2001–2004
MallipeddiS. K., SamalS. K.1993b; Structural differences in the fusion protein among strains of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Veterinary Microbiology 36:359–367
MatheiseJ. -P., WalravensK., CollardA., CoppeP., LetessonJ. -J.1995; Antigenic analysis of the F protein of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus: identification of two distinct antigenic sites involved in fusion inhibition. Archives of Virology 140:993–1005
MufsonM. A., BelsheR. B., OrvellC., NorrbyE.1988; Respiratory syncytial virus epidemics, variable dominance of subgroups A and B among children, 1981–1986. Journal of Infectious Diseases 157:143–148
NorrbyE., MufsonM. A., SheshberadaranH.1986; Structural differences between subtype A and B strains of respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of General Virology 67:2721–2729
NorrbyE., MufsonM. A., AlexanderH., HoughtenR. A., LernerR. A.1987; Site-directed serology with synthetic peptides representing the large glycoprotein G of respiratory syncytial virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA: 846572–6576
OrvellC., NorrbyE., MufsonM. A.1987; Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against five structural components of human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup B. Journal of General Virology 68:3125–3135
SullenderW. M., AndersonK., WertzG. W.1990; The respiratory syncytial virus subgroup attachment glycoprotein: analysis of sequence, expression from a recombinant vector, and evaluation as an immunogen against homologous and heterologous subgroup virus challenge. Virology 178:195–203
SullenderW. M., MufsonM. A., AndersonL. J., WertzG. W.1991; Genetic diversity of the attachment protein of subgroup B respiratory syncytial viruses. Journal of Virology 65:5425–5434
TheinS. L., WallaceR. B.1986; The use of synthetic oligonucleotides as specific hybridization probes in the diagnostic of genetic disorders. In Human Genetic Diseases, a Practical Approach, pp 33–50DavisK. E. Edited by Virginia: IRL Press;
TrudelM., NadonF., SéghinC., BinzH.1991; Protection of BALB/c mice from respiratory syncytial virus infection by immunization with a synthetic peptide derived from the G glycoprotein. Virology 185:749–757
Van der PoelW. H. M., BrandA., KrampsJ. A., VanOirschotJ. T.1994; Respiratory syncytial virus infections in human beings and in cattle. Journal of Infection 29:215–228
VerhoeffJ., DijkH., DijkhuizenA. A.1992; Short and long term economic aspects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in dairy cattle. Veterinary Record 130:43–51
WalravensK., KettmanR., CollardA., CoppeP., BurnyA.1990; Sequence comparison between the fusion protein of human and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses. Journal of General Virology 71:3009–3014
WalshE. E., BrandrissM. W., SchlesingerJ. J.1987; Immunological differences between the envelope glycoprotein of two strains of human respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of General Virology 68:2169–2176
ZamoraM., SamalS. K.1992; Sequence analysis of M2 mRNA of bovine respiratory syncytial virus obtained from an F-M2 dicistronic mRNA suggests structural homology with that of human respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of General Virology 73:737–741