Identification of a single genotype of hepatitis G virus by comparison of one complete genome from a healthy carrier with eight from patients with hepatitis Free

Abstract

Different isolates of a putative hepatitis virus called hepatitis GB virus C or hepatitis G virus (HGV) have been cloned recently from patients with hepatitis. This virus has also been found commonly in healthy carriers. We have cloned and sequenced a complete HGV genome, designated HGVCN, from a healthy Chinese blood donor. HGVCN shares 85·8–90·0% nucleotide sequence identity and 95·4–97·5% amino acid identity with the eight available full- length HGV genomes. Furthermore, the majority (82·8%) of the nucleotide substitutions found in HGVCN were synonymous and a fairly uniform distribution of changes was found across the entire genome without identification of any hypervariable region. When compared with the African isolates GBVC and GBVC-EA, the HGVCN-encoded polyprotein contained a 31 amino acid N-terminal extension which was predicted to be a defective core-like sequence. The sequences of the HGV E1 and E2 proteins displayed unique motifs and were highly conserved. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all nine complete HGV isolates were closely related and that HGVCN grouped with the other Chinese HGV isolate (HGVC964). Taken together, our findings suggest that there is one single genotype of HGV and that the HGV genome cloned from the healthy carrier is not significantly different from those derived from patient sera.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-12-3247
1997-12-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/78/12/9400975.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-12-3247&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Aikawa T., Sugai Y., Okamoto H. 1996; Hepatitis G infection in drug abusers with chronic hepatitis C. New England Journal of Medicine 334:195–196
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Alter H. J. 1996; The cloning and clinical implications of HGV and HGBV-C. New England Journal of Medicine 334:1536–1537
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Alter H. J., Nakatsuji Y., Melpolder J., Wages J., Wesley R., Shih J. W., Kim J. P. 1997a; The incidence of transfusion-associated hepatitis G virus infection and its relation to liver disease. New England Journal of Medicine 336:747–754
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Alter M. J., Gallagher M., Morris T. T., Moyer L. A., Meeks E. L., Krawczynski K., Kim J. P., Margolis H. S. 1997b; Acute non-A-E hepatitis in the United States and the role of hepatitis G virus infection. New England Journal of Medicine 336:741–746
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bi S.-L., Bai X.-H., Margolis H. S., Liu C.-B. 1993; Complete hepatitis C virus genome cDNA isolated from China. Chinese Journal of Virology 9:114–127
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bralet M. P., Roudot-Thoraval F., Pawlotsky J. M., Bastie A., Tran Van Nhieu J., Duval J., Dhumeaux D., Zafrani E. S. 1997; Histopathologic impact of GB virus C infection on chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 112:188–192
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Brown K. E., Wong S., Buu M., Binh T. V., Be T. V., Young N. S. 1997; High prevalence of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus in healthy persons in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. Journal of Infectious Diseases 175:450–453
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bukh J., Miller R. H., Purcell R. H. 1995; Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus: quasispecies and genotypes. Seminars in Liver Disease 15:41–63
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Choo Q.-L., Richman K., Han J. H., Berger K., Lee C., Dong C., Gallegos C., Coit D., Medina-Selby A., Barr P. J., Weiner A., Bradley D. W., Kuo G., Houghton M. 1991; Genetic organization and diversity of the hepatitis C virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 88:2451–2455
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Colombatto P., Randone A., Civitico G., Monti Gorin J., Dolci L., Medaina N., Oliveri F., Verme G., Marchiaro G., Pagni R., Karayiannis P., Thomas H. C., Hess G., Bonino F., Brunetto M. R. 1996; Hepatitis G virus RNA in the serum of patients with elevated gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase: a specific liver disease. Journal of Viral Hepatitis 3:301–306
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Dawson G. J., Schlauder G. G., Pilot-Matias T. J., Thiele D., Leary T. P., Murphy P., Rosenblatt J. E., Simons J. N., Martinson F. E., Gutierrez R. A., Lentino J. R., Pachucki C., Muerhoff A. S., Widell A., Tegtmeier G., Desai S., Mushahwar I. K. 1996; Prevalence studies of GB virus-C infection using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Medical Virology 50:97–103
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Egawa K., Yukawa T., Arakawa S., Nakao H., Inoue T., Tanaka T., Tsuda F., Okamoto H., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1996; Infection with GB virus C in leprous patients in Japan. Journal of Medical Virology 49:110–114
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Erker J. C., Simons J. N., Muerhoff A. S., Leary T. P., Chalmers M. L., Desai S. M., Mushahwar I. K. 1996; Molecular cloning and characterization of a GB virus C isolate from a patient with non-A-E hepatitis. Journal of General Virology 77:2713–2720
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Felsenstein J. 1996; Inferring phylogenies from protein sequences by parsimony, distance and likelihood methods. Methods in Enzymology 266:418–427
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Feucht H. H., Zollner B., Polywka S., Knodler B., Schroter M., Nolte H., Laufs R. 1997; Prevalence of hepatitis G viremia among healthy subjects, individuals with liver disease, and persons at risk for parenteral transmission. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35:767–768
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Fiordalisi G., Zanella I., Mantero G., Bettinardi A., Stellini R., Paraninfo G., Cadeo G., Primi D. 1996; High prevalence of GB virus C infection in a group of Italian patients with hepatitis of unknown etiology. Journal of Infectious Diseases 174:181–183
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Fukushi S., Kurihara C., Ishiyama N., Okamura H., Hoshino F. B., Oya A., Katayama K. 1996; Nucleotide sequence ofthe 5′ noncoding region of hepatitis G virus isolated from Japanese patients : comparison with reported isolates. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 226:314–318
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Haydon G. H., Jarvis L. M., Simpson K. J., Hayes P. C., Simmonds P. 1997; The clinical significance of the detection of hepatitis GBV-C RNA in the serum of patients with fulminant, presumed viral, hepatitis. Journal of Viral Hepatitis 4:45–49
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Heringlake S., Osterkamp S., Trautwein C., Tillmann H. L., Boker K., Muerhoff S., Mushahwar I. K., Hunsmann G., Manns M. P. 1996; Association between fulminant hepatic failure and a strain of GBV virus C. Lancet 348:1626–1629
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Kao J.-H., Chen P.-J., Hsiang S.-C., Chen W., Chen D.-S. 1996; Phylogenetic analysis of GB virus C: comparison of isolates from Africa, North America, and Taiwan. Journal of Infectious Diseases 174:410–413
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kinoshita T., Miyake K., Nakao H., Tanaka T., Tsuda F., Okamoto H., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1997; Molecular investigation of GB virus C infection in hemophiliacs in Japan. Journal of Infectious Diseases 175:454–457
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Leary T. P., Muerhoff A. S., Simons J. N., Pilot-Matias T. J., Erker J. C., Chalmers M. L., Schlauder G. G., Dawson G. J., Desai S. M., Mushahwar I. K. 1996; Sequence and genomic organization of GBV-C: a novel member of the flaviviridae associated with human non- A-E hepatitis. Journal of Medical Virology 48:60–67
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Linnen J., Wages J.Jr Zhang-Keck Z.-Y., Fry K. E., Krawczynski K. Z., Alter H., Koonin E., Gallagher M., Alter M., Hadziyannis S., Karayiannis P., Fung K., Nakatsuji Y., Shih J. W., Young L., Piatak M.Jr Hoover C., Fernandez J., Chen S., Zou J. C., Morris T., Hyams K. C., Ismay S., Lifson J. D., Hess G., Foung S. K. H., Thomas H., Bradley D., Margolis H., Kim J. P. 1996; Molecular cloning and disease association of hepatitis G virus : a transfusion-transmissible agent. Science 271:505–508
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Masuko K., Mitsui T., Iwano K., Yamazaki C., Okuda K., Meguro T., Murayama N., Inoue T., Tsuda F., Okamoto H., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1996; Infection with hepatitis GB virus C in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. New England Journal of Medicine 334:1485–1490
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Matsumoto M., Hwang S. B., Jeng K.-S., Zhu N., Lai M. M. C. 1996; Homotypic interaction and multimerization of hepatitis C virus core protein. Virology 218:43–51
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Mukaide M., Mizokami M., Orito E., Ohba K., Nakano T., Ueda R., Hikiji K., Iino S., Shapiro S., Lahat N., Park Y. M., Kim B. S., Oyunsuren T., Rezieg M., Al-Ahdal M. N., Lau J. Y. 1997; Three different GB virus C/hepatitis G virus genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis and a genotyping assay based on restriction fragment length polymorphism. FEBS Letters 407:51–58
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Nakatsuji Y., Shih J. W., Tanaka E., Kiyosawa K., Wages J.Jr Kim J. P., Alter H. J. 1996; Prevalence and disease association of hepatitis G virus infection in Japan. Journal of Viral Hepatitis 3:307–316
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Ohba K., Mizokami M., Ohno T., Suzuki K., Orito E., Ina Y., Lau J. Y., Gojobori T. 1995; Classification of hepatitis C virus into major types and subtypes based on molecular evolutionary analysis. Virus Research 36:201–214
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Okamoto H., Nakao H., Inoue T., Fukuda M., Kishimoto J., Iizuka H., Tsuda F., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1997; The entire nucleotide sequences of two GB virus C/hepatitis G virus isolates of distinct genotypes from Japan. Journal of General Virology 78:737–745
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Pickering J. M., Thomas H. C., Karayiannis P. 1997; Genetic diversity between hepatitis G virus isolates: analysis of nucleotide variation in the NS-3 and putative ‘core’ peptide genes. Journal of General Virology 78:53–60
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Shao L., Shinzawa H., Ishikawa K., Zhang X., Ishibashi M., Misawa H., Yamada N., Togashi H., Takahashi T. 1996; Sequence of hepatitis G virus genome isolated from a Japanese patient with non-A-E-hepatitis: amplification and cloning by long reverse transcription-PCR. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 228:785–791
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Simmonds P. 1995; Variability of hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 21:570–583
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Simons J. N., Desai S. M., Schultz D. E., Lemon S. M., Mushahwar I. K. 1996; Translation initiation in GB viruses A and C: evidence for internal ribosome entry and implications for genome organization. Journal of Virology 70:6126–6135
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Stark K., Bienzle U., Hess G., Engel A. M., Hegenscheid B., Schluter V. 1996; Detection of the hepatitis G virus genome among injecting drug users, homosexual and bisexual men, and blood donors. Journal of Infectious Diseases 174:1320–1323
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Tameda Y., Kosaka Y., Tagawa S., Takase K., Sawada N., Nakao H., Tsuda F., Tanaka T., Okamoto H., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1996; Infection with GB virus C (GBV-C) in patients with fulminant hepatitis. Journal of Hepatology 25:842–847
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Tanaka E., Alter H. J., Nakatsuji Y., Shih J. W., Kim J. P., Matsumoto A., Kobayashi M., Kiyosawa K. 1996; Effect of hepatitis G virus infection on chronic hepatitis C. Annals of Internal Medicine 125:740–743
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Theodore D., Lemon S. M. 1997; GB virus C, hepatitis G virus, or human orphan flavivirus?. Hepatology 25:1285–1286
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Tsuda F., Hadiwandowo S., Sawada N., Fukuda M., Tanaka T., Okamoto H., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1996; Infection with GB virus C (GBV-C) in patients with chronic liver disease or on maintenance hemodialysis in Indonesia. Journal of Medical Virology 49:248–252
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Viazov S., Riffelmann M., Khoudyakov Y., Fields H., Varenholz C., Roggendorf M. 1997; Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis G virus isolates from different parts of the world. Journal of General Virology 78:577–581
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Wang H.-L., Jin D.-Y. 1997; Prevalence and genotype of hepatitis G virus in Chinese professional blood donors and hepatitis patients. Journal of Infectious Diseases 175:1229–1233
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Wang J. T., Tsai F. C., Lee C. Z., Chen P. J., Sheu J. C., Wang T. H., Chen D. S. 1996; A prospective study of transfusion-transmitted GB virus C infection: similar frequency but different clinical presentation compared with hepatitis C virus. Blood 88:1881–1886
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Wu R. R., Mizokami M., Cao K., Nakano T., Ge X. M., Wang S. S., Orito E., Ohba K., Mukaide M., Hikiji K., Lau J. Y., Iino S. 1997; GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection in southern China. Journal of Infectious Diseases 175:168–171
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Yoshiba M., Okamoto H., Mishiro S. 1995; Detection ofthe GBV-C hepatitis virus genome in serum from patients with fulminant hepatitis of unknown aetiology. Lancet 346:1131–1132
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Zhou Y. S., Wang H. T., Zhao H. L., He Y. X., Wang H. C., Chen W., Xu J. 1997; Genomic organization of HGV from Chinese and distribution of HGV infection in China. Chinese Journal of Microbiology in press
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-12-3247
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-78-12-3247
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed