Cap-independent leaky scanning as the mechanism of translation initiation of a plant viral genomic RNA

References

1. Anthony D. D., Merrick W. C. 1991; Eukaryotic initiation factor 4F: implications for a role in internal initiation of translation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266:10218–10226
   [Google Scholar]
2. Basso J., Dallaire P., Charest P. J., Devantier Y., Laliberté J. F. 1994; Evidence for an internal ribosome entry site within the 5ʹ nontranslated region of turnip mosaic potyvirus RNA. Journal of General Virology 75:3157–3165
   [Google Scholar]
3. Belsham G. J., Lomonossoff G. P. 1991; The mechanism of translation of cowpea mosaic virus middle component RNA: no evidence for internal initiation from experiments in an animal cell transient expression system. Journal of General Virology 72:3109–3113
   [Google Scholar]
4. Carrington J. C., Freed D. D. 1990; Cap-independent enhancement of translation by a plant potyvirus 5ʹ nontranslated region. Journal of Virology 64:1590–1597
   [Google Scholar]
5. Danthinne X., Seurinck J., Meulewaeter F., Montagu M. V., Cornelissen M. 1993; The 3ʹ untranslated region of satellite tobacco necrosis virus RNA stimulates translation in vitro. Molecular and Cellular Biology 13:3340–3349
   [Google Scholar]
6. Dinesh-Kumar S. P., Miller W. A. 1993; Control of start codon choice on a plant viral RNA encoding overlapping genes. Plant Cell 5:679–692
   [Google Scholar]
7. Fletcher L., Corbin S. D., Browning K. S., Ravel J. M. 1990; The absence of a m⁷G cap on β-globin mRNA and alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 4 increases the amounts of initiation factor 4F required for translation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265:19582–19587
   [Google Scholar]
8. Gallie D. R. 1991; The cap and poly(A) tail function synergistically to regulate mRNA translational efficiency. Genes & Development 5:2108–2116
   [Google Scholar]
9. Gallie D. R. 1993; Posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 44:77–105
   [Google Scholar]
10. Gallie D. R., Kobayashi M. 1994; The role of the 3ʹ-untranslated region of non-polyadenylated plant viral mRNAs in regulating translational efficiency. Gene 142:159–165
    [Google Scholar]
11. Gallie D. R., Tanguay R. L., Leathers V. 1995; The tobacco etch viral 5ʹ leader and poly(A) tail are functionally synergistic regulators of translation. Gene 165:233–238
    [Google Scholar]
12. Gilmer D., Richards K., Jonard G., Guilley H. 1992; Cis-active sequences near the 5ʹ-termini of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNAs 3 and 4. Virology 190:55–67
    [Google Scholar]
13. Grifo J. A., Tahara S. M., Morgan M. A., Shatkin A. J., Merrick W. C. 1983; New initiation factor activity required for globin mRNA translation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 258:5804–5810
    [Google Scholar]
14. Guo H.-S. 1996 Resistencia frente a la infección por el virus de la sharka en plantas de Nicotiana benthamiana transformadas por genes no estructurales del virus PhD thesis Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain:
    [Google Scholar]
15. Hewlett M. J., Rose J. K., Baltimore D. 1976; 5ʹ-Terminal structure of poliovirus polyribosomal RNA is pUp. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA: 73327–330
    [Google Scholar]
16. Jefferson R. A. 1987; Assaying chimeric genes in plants: the gus gene fusion system. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 5:387–405
    [Google Scholar]
17. Kozak M. 1986; Point mutations define a sequence flanking the AUG initiator codon that modulates translation by eukaryotic ribosomes. Cell 44:283–292
    [Google Scholar]
18. Kozak M. 1991a; Structural features in eukaryotic mRNAs that modulate the initiation of translation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266:19867–19870
    [Google Scholar]
19. Kozak M. 1991b; A short leader sequence impairs the fidelity of initiation by eukaryotic ribosomes. Gene Expression 1:111–115
    [Google Scholar]
20. Laín S., Riechmann J. L., Mendez E., García J. A. 1989; The complete nucleotide sequence of plum pox potyvirus RNA. Virus Research 13:157–172
    [Google Scholar]
21. Levis C., Astier-Manifacier S. 1993; The 5ʹ untranslated region of PVY RNA, even located in an internal position, enables initiation of translation. Virus Genes 7:367–379
    [Google Scholar]
22. Lütcke H. A., Chow K. C., Mickel F. S., Moss K. A., Kern H. F., Scheele G. A. 1987; Selection of AUG initiation codons differs in plants and animals. EMBO Journal 6:43–48
    [Google Scholar]
23. Merrick W. C. 1992; Mechanism and regulation of eukaryotic protein synthesis. Microbiological Reviews 56:291–315
    [Google Scholar]
24. Nomoto A., Lee Y. F., Wimmer E. 1976; The 5ʹ end of poliovirus mRNA is not capped with m⁷G(5ʹ)ppp(5ʹ)Np. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA: 73375–380
    [Google Scholar]
25. Nicolaisen M., Johansen E., Poulsen G. B., Borkhardt B. 1992; The 5ʹ untranslated region from pea seedborne mosaic potyvirus RNA as a translational enhancer in pea and tobacco protoplasts. FEBS Letters 303:169–172
    [Google Scholar]
26. Pelletier J., Sonenberg N. 1988; Internal initiation oftranslation of eukaryotic mRNA directed by a sequence derived from poliovirus RNA. Nature 334:320–325
    [Google Scholar]
27. Riechmann J. L., Laín S., García J. A. 1989; The genome-linked protein and 5ʹ end RNA sequence of plum pox potyvirus. Journal of General Virology 70:2785–2789
    [Google Scholar]
28. Riechmann J. L., Laín S., García J. A. 1990; Infectious in vitro transcripts from a plum pox potyvirus cDNA clone. Virology 177:710–716
    [Google Scholar]
29. Riechmann J. L., Laín S., García J. A. 1991; Identification of the initiation codon of plum pox potyvirus genomic RNA. Virology 185:544–552
    [Google Scholar]
30. Scheper G. C., Voorma H. O., Thomas A. A. M. 1992; Eukaryotic initiation factors-4E and -4F stimulate 5ʹ cap-dependent as well as internal initiation of protein synthesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267:7269–7274
    [Google Scholar]
31. Simón-Buela L., Guo H. S., García J. A. 1997; Long sequences in the 5ʹ noncoding region of plum pox virus are not necessary for viral infectivity but contribute to viral competitiveness and pathogenesis. Virology 233:157–162
    [Google Scholar]
32. Tacke E., Prüfer D., Salamini F., Rohde W. 1990; Characterization of a potato leafroll luteovirus subgenomic RNA: differential expression by internal translation initiation and UAG suppression. Journal of General Virology 71:2265–2272
    [Google Scholar]
33. Thach R. E. 1992; Cap recap: The involvement of eIF-4F in regulating gene expression. Cell 68:177–180
    [Google Scholar]
34. Thomas A. A. M., ten Haar E., Wellink J., Voorma H. O. 1991; Cowpea mosaic virus middle component RNA contains a sequence that allows internal binding of ribosomes and that requires eukaryotic initiation factor 4F for optimal translation. Journal of Virology 65:2953–2959
    [Google Scholar]
35. Timmer R. T., Benkowski L. A., Schodin D., Lax S. R., Metz A. M., Ravel J. M., Browning K. S. 1993; The 5ʹ and 3ʹ untranslated regions of satellite tobacco necrosis virus RNA affect translational efficiency and dependence on a 5ʹ cap structure. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268:9504–9510
    [Google Scholar]
36. Van den Heuvel J. J., Bergkamp R. J., Planta R. J., Rahue H. A. 1989; Effect of deletions in the 5ʹ-noncoding region on the translational efficiency of phosphoglycerate kinase mRNA in yeast. Gene 79:83–86
    [Google Scholar]