1887

Abstract

The lack of an effective animal model has been a major obstacle in attempts to define the role of humoral and cellular immune responses in protection against flavivirus infection. We have used F hybrid mice (BALB/c × C3H/RV) that are heterozygous for the flavivirus resistance allele Flv and show reduced virus replication in the brain after intracerebral inoculation. F hybrid mice challenged by intracerebral inoculation with Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) virus developed encephalitis 2–3 days later than a genetically susceptible strain (BALB/c) but showed a similar mortality rate. This delay in the onset of disease provided more opportunity for virus clearance by primed immune responses. Using F hybrid mice we were able to demonstrate protective immunity induced by structural and non-structural proteins of MVE virus by immunization with pure NS1 protein or recombinant vaccinia viruses that expressed various regions of the MVE genome. These constructs included VV-STR (C-prM-E-NS1-NS2A), VV-ΔC (prM-E-NS1-NS2A) and VV-NS1 (NS1-NS2A). VV-ΔC vaccinated mice were completely protected (100% survival) from challenge with 1000 infectious units of MVE virus, while mice inoculated with VV-STR, VV-NS1 or pure NS1 were partially protected (40%, 47% and 85% respectively). Analysis of prechallenge sera and depletion studies revealed that the solid protection induced by VV-ΔC was mediated by neutralizing antibody to the E protein and did not require a CD8 T cell response. The partial protection provided by VV-STR, VV-NS1 and pure NS1 occurred after induction of antibody to NS1. However, depletion of CD8 cells prior to virus challenge ablated the protection provided by VV-NS1 indicating some requirement for class I restricted cytotoxic T cells.

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1996-06-01
2024-12-05
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