1887

Abstract

Many reports indicate that a long-term asymptomatic state following human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is associated with a low amount of circulating virus. To evaluate the possible effect of stabilizing a low virus load by non-sterilizing preexposure vaccination, a quantitative virus isolation method was developed and evaluated in four chronically infected chimpanzees infected with a variety of HIV-1 related isolates. This assay was then used to monitor a group of chimpanzees ( = 6) challenged with HIV-1 following vaccination with gp120 or gp160. Data indicated that of the three vaccinated animals which became infected after challenge, the animal with the lowest neutralizing titre at the time of challenge acquired a virus load similar to the control animals, whereas the two other chimpanzees had reduced numbers of virus producing cells in their peripheral circulation. One animal became virus isolation negative, developed an indeterminant PCR signal on lymph node DNA and subsequently became negative for HIV-1 DNA as determined by PCR on PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and bone marrow DNA. Recently, the second animal has also become PCR negative. To confirm observations from quantitative virus isolations, quantification of HIV-1 DNA in PBMC and virus RNA in serum was performed by PCR on serially diluted samples at two different time points. Comparison of virus load as determined by these three methods confirmed that there was an effect of vaccination in reducing virus load and demonstrated a correlation between decreased numbers of virus producing cells, HIV-1 DNA containing cells and virus RNA molecules in serum.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-76-4-1015
1995-04-01
2024-11-11
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/76/4/JV0760041015.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-76-4-1015&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Arthur L. O., Bess J. W. Jr, Waters D. J., Pyle S. W., Kelliher J. C., Nara P. L., Krohn K., Robey W. R., Langlois A. J., Gallo R. C., Fischinger P. J. 1989; Challenge of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) immunized with human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120. Journal of Virology 63:5046–5053
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Berman P. W., Groopman J. E., Gregory T., Clapham P. R., Weiss R. A., Ferriani R., Riddle L., Shimasaki L., Lucas C., Lasky L. A., Eichberg J. W. 1988; Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 challenge of chimpanzees immunized with recombinant envelope glycoprotein gp120. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 85:5200–5204
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Berman P. W., Gregory T. J., Riddle L., Nakamura G. R., Champe M. A., Porter J. P., Wurm F. M., Hershberg R. D., Cobbs E. K., Eichberg J. W. 1990; Protection of chimpanzees from infection by HIV-1 after vaccination with recombinant glycoprotein gp120 but not gp160. Nature 345:622–625
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Boom R., Sol C. J. A., Salimans K. K. M., Jansen C. L., Wertheim-van Dillen P. K. E., Van der Noordaa J. 1990; Rapid and simple method for purification of nucleic acids. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 28:495–503
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Brinchmann J. E., Albert J., Vartdal F. 1991; Few infected CD4+ T cells but a high proportion of replication-competent provirus copies in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Journal of Virology 65:2019–2023
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bruck C., Thiriart C., Fabry L., Francotte M., Pala P., van Opstal O., Culp J., Rosenberg M., de Wilde M., Heidt P., Heeney J. L. 1994; HIV-1 envelope elicited neutralizing antibody titers correlate with protection and virus load in chimpanzees. Vaccine 12:1141–1148
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Connor R. I., Mohri H., Cao Y., Ho D. D. 1993; Increased viral burden and cytopathicity correlate temporally with CD4+ T-lymphocyte decline and clinical progression in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals. Journal of Virology 67:1772–1777
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Fultz P. N., Nara P., Barre-Sinoussi F., Chaput A., Greenberg M. L., Muchmore E., Kieny M. P., Girard M. 1992; Vaccine protection of chimpanzees against challenge with HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Science 256:1687–1690
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Girard M., Kbsny K. P., Pinter A., Barre-Sinoussi F., Nara P., Kolbe H., Kusumi K., Chaput A., Reinhardt T., Muchmore E., Ronco J., Kaczorek M., Gomard E., Gluckman J.-C., Fultz P. 1991; Immunization of chimpanzee confers protection against challenge with human immunodeficiency virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 88:542–546
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Goudsmit J., Smit L., Krone W. J. A., Barker M., van der Noordaa J., Gibbs C. J., Epstein L. G., Gadjusek D. C. 1987; IgG response to human immunodeficiency virus in experimentally infected chimpanzees mimics the IgG response in humans. Journal of Infectious Diseases 155:327–331
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Heeney J., Jonker R., Koornstra W., Dubbes R., Niphuis H., Di Rienzo A. M., Gougeon M. L., Montagnier L. 1993; The resistance of HIV-infected chimpanzees to progression to AIDS correlates with absence of HIV-related T-cell dysfunction. Journal of Medical Primatology 22:194–200
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Ho D. D., Moudgil T., Alam M. 1989; Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the blood of infected persons. New England Journal of Medicine 321:1621–1625
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Israel Z. R., Edmonson P. F., Maul D. H., O′Neil S. P., Mossman S. P., Thiriart C., Fabry L., van Opstal O., Bruck C., Bex F., Burny A., Fultz P. N., Mullins J. I., Hoover K. A. 1994; Incomplete protection, but suppression of virus burden, elicited by subunit simian immunodeficiency virus vaccines. Journal of Virology 68:1843–1853
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Jurriaans S., Dekker J. T., de Ronde A. 1992; HIV-1 viral DNA load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from seroconverters and long-term infected individuals. AIDS 6:635–641
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Layne S. P., Merges M. J., Dembo M., Spouge J. L., Conley S. R., Moore J. P., Raina J. L., Renz H., Gelderblom H. R., Nara P. L. 1992; Factors underlying spontaneous inactivation and susceptibility to neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus. Virology 189:695–714
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Levkovits I., Waldmann H. 1984; Limiting dilution analysis of the cells of immune system I. The clonal basis of the immune response. Immunology Today 5:265–268
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Lu W., Manolikakis G., Andrieu J. M. 1992; Relationship between frequency of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type-1 harbouring cells and kinetics of viral replication: a simple procedure for quantitation of infectious virus-carrying cells in blood samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 30:2535–2538
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Lu W., Shih J. W.-K., Tourani J.-M., Eme D., Alter H. J., Andrieu J.-M. 1993; Lack of isolate-specific neutralizing activity is correlated with an increased viral burden in rapidly progressing HIV-l-infected patients. AIDS 7:S91–99
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Nara P. L., Robey W. G., Arthur L. O., Asher D. M., Wolff A. V., Gibbs C. J. Jr, Gajdusek C. D., Fischinger P. J. 1987; Persistent infection of chimpanzees with human immunodeficiency virus: serological responses and properties of reisolated viruses. Journal of Virology 61:3173–3180
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Pantaleo G., Graziozi C., Butini L., Pizzo P. A., Schnittman S. M., Kotler D., Fauci A. S. 1991; Lymphoid organs function as major reservoirs for human immunodeficiency virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 88:9838–9842
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Pantaleo G., Graziozi C., Demarest J. F., Butini L., Montroni M., Fox C. H., Orenstein J. M., Kotler D. K., Fauci A. S. 1993; HIV infection is active and progressive in lymphoid tissue during the clinical latent stage of disease. Nature 362:355–358
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Peeters M., Honoré C., Huet T., Bedjabaga L., Ossari S., Bussi P., Cooper R., Delaporte E. 1989; Isolation and partial characterization of an HIV-related virus occurring naturally in chimpanzees in Gabon. AIDS 3:625–630
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Peeters M., Fransen K., Delaporte E., Van den Haesevelde M., Gershy-Damet G. M., Kestens L., van der Groen G., Plot P. 1992; Isolation and characterization of a new chimpanzee lentivirus (simian immunodeficiency virus isolate cpz-ant) from a wild-captured chimpanzee. AIDS 6:447–451
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Piatak M. Jr, Saag M. S., Yang L. C., Clark S. J., Kappes J. C., Luk K. C., Hahn B. H., Shaw G. M., Lifson J. D. 1993; High levels of HIV-1 in plasma during all stages of infection determined by competitive PCR. Science 259:1749–1754
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Saksela K., Muchmore E., Girard M., Fultz P., Baltimore D. 1993; High viral load in lymph nodes and latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in peripheral blood cells of HIV-1-infected chimpanzees. Journal of Virology 67:7423–7427
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Sheppard H. W., Lang W., Ascher M. S., Vittinghof E., Winkelstein W. 1993; The characterization of non-progressors: long term HIV-1 infection with stable CD4+ T-cell levels. AIDS 7:1159–1166
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-76-4-1015
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-76-4-1015
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error