Differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 V3 sequences from patients with and without AIDS dementia complex

References

1. Boom R., Sol C. J. A., Salimans M. M. M., Jansen C. L., Wertheim-Van Dillen P. M. E., Van Der Noordaa J. 1990; Rapid and simple method for purification of nucleic acids. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 28:495–503
   [Google Scholar]
2. Dayhoff M. O. 1972 Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure Washington, DC: National Biomedical Research Foundation;
   [Google Scholar]
3. Delassus S., Cheynier R., Wain-Hobson S. 1992; Non- homogeneous distribution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proviruses in the spleen. Journal of Virology 66:5642–5645
   [Google Scholar]
4. De Jong J. J., Goudsmit J., Keulen W., Klaver B., Krone W. J. A., Tersmette M., De Ronde A. 1992; Human immuno-deficiency virus type 1 clones chimeric for the envelope V3 domain differ in syncytium formation and replication capacity. Journal of Virology 66:757–765
   [Google Scholar]
5. Eddleston M., De La Torre J. C., Xu J. -Y., Dorfman N., Notkins A., Zolla-Pazner S., Oldstone M. B. A. 1993; Molecular mimicry accompanying HIV-1 infection: human monoclonal antibodies that bind to gp41 and to astrocytes. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 9:939–944
   [Google Scholar]
6. Epstein L. G., Kuiken C. L., Blumberg B. M., Hartman S., Sharer L. R., Clement M., Goudsmit J. 1991; HIV-1 V3 domain variation in brain and spleen of children with AIDS: tissue- specific evolution within host-determined quasispecies. Virology 180:583–590
   [Google Scholar]
7. Felsenstein J. 1993 PHYLIP manual version 3.5 Berkeley, Calif: University Herbarium of the University of California;
   [Google Scholar]
8. Fouchier R. A. M., Groenink M., Kootstra N. A., Tersmette M., Huisman H. G., Miedema F., Schuitemaker H. 1992; Phenotype-associated sequence variation in the third variable region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gpl20 molecule. Journal of Virology 66:3183–3187
   [Google Scholar]
9. Giulian D., Wendt E., Vaca K., Noonan C. A. 1993; The envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 stimulates release of neurotoxins from monocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesUSA 90:2769–2773
   [Google Scholar]
10. Hamming R. W. 1986 Coding and Information Theory, 2. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall;
    [Google Scholar]
11. Keys B., Karis J., Fadeel B., Valentin A., Norkrans G., Hagberg L., Chiodi F. 1993; V3 sequences of paired HIV-1 isolates from brain and cerebrospinal fluid cluster according to host and show variation related to the clinical stage of disease. Virology 196:475–183
    [Google Scholar]
12. Kimura M. 1980; A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitution through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16:111–120
    [Google Scholar]
13. Koenig S., Gendelman H. E., Orenstein J. M., Dal Canto M. C., Pezeshkpour G. H., Yungbluth M., Janotta F., Aksamit A., Martin M. A., Fauci A. S. 1986; Detection of AIDS virus in macrophages in brain tissue from AIDS patients with encephalo- pathy. Science 233:1089–1093
    [Google Scholar]
14. Korber B. T. M., Kunstman K., Furtado M., McEvilly M. M., Patterson B., Levy R., Wolinsky S. 1994; HIV-1 sequence differences between blood and simultaneously obtained brain biopsy samples: conserved elements in the V3 region of the envelope protein of brain-derived sequences. Journal of Virology (in press)
    [Google Scholar]
15. Pang S., Vinters H. V., Akashi T., O’Brien W. A., Chen I. S. Y. 1991; HIV-1 env sequence variation in brain tissue of patients with AIDS-related neurologic disease. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 4:1082–1092
    [Google Scholar]
16. Powers C., McArthur J. C., Johnson R. T., Griffin D. E., Glass J. D., Perryman S., Chesebro B. 1994; Demented and non-demented patients with AIDS differ in brain-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope sequences. Journal of Virology 68:4643–1649
    [Google Scholar]
17. Pulliam L., Herndier B. G., Tang N. M., McGrath M. S. 1991; Human immunodeficiency virus-infected macrophages produce soluble factors that cause histological and chemical alterations in cultured human brains. Journal of Clinical Investigation 87:503–512
    [Google Scholar]
18. Pulliam L., West D., Haigwood N., Swanson R. A. 1993; HIV- 1 envelope gpl20 alters astrocytes in human brain cultures. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 9:439–144
    [Google Scholar]
19. Saitou N., Nei M. 1987; The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 4:406–425
    [Google Scholar]
20. Sala M., Zambruno G., Vartanian J. -P., Marconi A., Bertazzoni U., Wain-Hobson S. 1994; Spatial discontinuities in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 quasispecies derived from epidermal Langerhans cells of a patient with AIDS and evidence for double infection. Journal of Virology 68:5280–5283
    [Google Scholar]
21. Sharpless N., Gilbert D., Vandercam B., Zhou J. M., Verdin E., Ronnett G., Friedman E., Dubois-Dalcq M. 1992; The restricted nature of HIV-1 tropism for cultured neural cells. Virology 191:813–825
    [Google Scholar]
22. Simmonds P., Zhang L. Q., McOmish F., Balfe P., Ludlam C. A., Leigh Brown A. J. 1991; Discontinuous sequence change of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 env sequences in plasma viral and lymphocyte-associated proviral populations in vivo: implications for models of HIV pathogenesis. Journal of Virology 65:6266–6276
    [Google Scholar]
23. Steuler H., Storch-Hagenlocher B., Wildemann B. 1992; Distinct populations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 8:53–59
    [Google Scholar]
24. Toggas S. M., Masliah E., Rockenstein E. M., Rall G. F., Abraham C. R., Mucke L. 1994; Central nervous system damage produced by expression of the HIV-1 coat protein gpl20 in transgenic mice. Nature 367:188–193
    [Google Scholar]
25. Trujillo J. R., McLane M. F., Essex M. 1993; Molecular mimicry between the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gpl20 V3 loop and human brain proteins. Journal of Virologv 67:7711–7715
    [Google Scholar]
26. Watkins B. A., Dorn H. H., Kelly W. B., Armstrong R. C., Pott B. J., Michaels F., Kufta C. V., Dubois-Dalcq M. 1990; Specific tropism of HIV-1 for microglial cells in primary brain cultures. Science 249:549–553
    [Google Scholar]
27. Wiley C., Schrier R., Nelson J., Lampert P., Oldstone M. 1986; Cellular localization of HIV infection within brains of AIDS patients. Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesUSA 83:7089–7093
    [Google Scholar]
28. Wolfs T. F. W., Zwart G., Barker M., Goudsmit J. 1992; HIV-1 genomic RNA diversification following sexual and parenteral virus transmission. Virology 189:103–110
    [Google Scholar]