1887

Abstract

Following a survey of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection recently carried in central Africa (Gabon), we cloned and sequenced PCR products of the 5′ non-coding and capsid-encoding regions of HCV RNA from three randomly selected HCV RNA-positive Gabonese subjects. In the capsid-encoding region, the identity between the three Gabonese isolates was 91 to 98%. The three Gabonese sequences showed a divergence of 11 to 17 % from published HCV genotypes I to IV (1a, 1b, 2a and 2b) isolates and of 6 to 11 % from HCV genotype 4 isolates. Thus the Gabonese isolates, termed HC-G, belong to HCV genotype 4. Based on the sequences of the three isolates, a specific probe (cpsG) was designed to detect the HC-G genotype in 30 randomly selected anti-HCV-positive Gabonese subjects, 14 of whom were HCV RNA-positive. Analysis with cpsG showed that 10 of 14 of the HCV RNA-positive subjects were infected by the HC-G genotype. HC-G is therefore highly prevalent in the HCV RNA-positive Gabonese population. The availability of these Gabonese sequences should facilitate the design of specific serological tests for African HCV isolates.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-75-9-2393
1994-09-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/75/9/JV0750092393.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-75-9-2393&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bukh J., Purcell R. H., Miller R. H. 1992; Sequence analysis of the 5′ noncoding region of hepatitis C virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 89:4942–4946
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bukh J., Purcell R. H., Miller R. H. 1993; At least 12 genotypes of hepatitis C virus predicted by sequence analysis of the putative El gene of isolates collected worldwide. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 90:8234–8238
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Cha T. -A., Beall E., Irvine B., Kolberg J., Chien D., Kuo G., Urdea M. S. 1992; At least five related, but distinct, hepatitis C viral genotypes exist. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 89:7144–7148
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Chan S. -W., McOmish F., Holmes E. C., Dow B., Peutherer J. F., Follett E., Yap P. L., Simmonds P. 1992; Analysis of a new hepatitis C virus type and its phylogenetic relationship to existing variants. Journal of General Virology 73:1131–1141
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Chen P. -J., Lin M. -H., Tai K. -F., Liu P. -C., Lin C. -J., Chen D. -S. 1992; The Taiwanese hepatitis C virus genome: sequence determination and mapping the 5′ termini of viral genomic and antigenomic RNA. Virology 188:102–113
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Choo Q. L., Kuo G., Weiner A. J., Overby L, Bradley D. W., Houghton M. 1989; Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a bloodborne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 244:359–362
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Delaporte E., Thiers V., Dazza M. C., Romeo R., Mlika N., Aptel I., Schrijvers D., Brechot C., Larouze B. 1993; Serologic and PCR evidence for a highly endemic focus of hepatitis C virus in Gabon, equatorial Africa. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene in press
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Enomoto N., Takada A., Nakao T., Date T. 1990; There are two major types of hepatitis C virus in Japan. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 170:1021–1025
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Féray C., Samuel D., Thiers V., Gigou M., Pichon F., Bismuth A., Reynes A. M., Maisonneuve P., Bismuth H., Bréchot C. 1992; Reinfection of liver graft by hepatitis C virus after liver transplantation. Journal of Clinical Investigation 89:1361–1365
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Féray C., Gigou M., Samuel D., Okamoto H., Reynes M., Mishiro S., Bismuth H., Brechot C. 1993; HCV type II has a more pathogenic course after liver transplantation. Hepatology 18:59A
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Han J. H., Shyamala V., Richman K. H., Brauer M. J., Irvine B., Urdea M. S., Tekamp-Olson P., Kuo G., Choo Q. -L., Houghton M. 1991; Characterization of the terminal regions of the hepatitis C viral RNA: identification of conserved sequences in the 5′ untranslated region and poly(A) tails at the 3′ end. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 88:1711–1715
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Inchauspe G., Zebedee S., Lee D. H., Sugitani M., Nasoff M., Prince A. M. 1991; Genomic structure of the human prototype strain of hepatitis C: comparison with American and Japanese isolates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 88:10292–10296
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Kato N., Hijikata M., Ootsuyama Y., Nakagawa M., Ohkoshi S., Sugimura T., Shimotohno K. 1990; Molecular cloning of the human HCV genome from Japanese patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 87:9524–9528
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Kremsdorf D., Porchon C., Kim J. P., Reyes G. R., Bréchot C. 1991; Partial nucleotide sequence analysis of a French hepatitis C virus: implications for HCV genetic variability in the E2/NS1 protein. Journal of General Virology 72:2557–2561
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Li J. -S., Tong S. -P., Vitvitski L., Lepot D., Trépo C. 1991; Two French genotypes of HCV: homology of the predominant genotype with the prototype American strain. Gene 105:167–172
    [Google Scholar]
  16. McOmish F., Chan S. -W., Dow B. C., Gillon J., Frame W. D., Crawford R. J., Yap P. -L., Follett E. A. C., Simmonds P. 1993; Detection of three types of hepatitis C virus in blood donors: investigation of type-specific differences in serologic reactivity and rate of alanine aminotransferase abnormalities. Transfusion 33:7–13
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Miller R. H., Purcell R. H. 1990; Hepatitis C virus shares amino acid sequence similarity with pestiviruses and flaviviruses as well as members of two plant virus supergroups. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 87:2057–2061
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Nakao T., Enomoto N., Takada N., Takada A., Date T. 1991; Typing of hepatitis C virus genomes by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Journal of General Virology 72:2105–2112
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Nousbaum J. B., Pol S., Gigou M., Okamoto H., Feray C., Poussin K., Paterlini P., Berthelot P., Mishiro S., Brechot C. 1993; HCV genotype II is associated to liver cirrhosis, cancer and low response to interferon alpha in European patients. Hepatology 18:88A
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Okamoto H., Okada S., Sugiyama Y., Kurai K., Iizuka H., Machida A., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1991; Nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of hepatitis C virus isolated from a human carrier: comparison with reported isolates for conserved and divergent regions. Journal of General Virology 72:2697–2704
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Okamoto H., Kolima M., Okada S., Yoshizawa H., Iizuka H., Tanaka T., Muchmore E. E., Peterson D. A., Ito Y., Mishiro S. 1992a; Genetic drift HCV during an 8·2-year infection in a chimpanzee: variability and stability. Virology 190:894–899
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Okamoto H., Sugiyama Y., Okada S., Kurai K., Akahane Y., Sugai Y., Tanaka T., Sato K., Tsuda F., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1992b; Full-length sequence of a HCV genome having poor homology to reported isolates: comparative study of four distinct genotypes. Virology 188:331–341
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Okamoto H., Sugiyama Y., Okada S., Kurai K., Akahane Y., Sugai Y., Tanaka T., Sato K., Tsuda F., Miyakawa Y., Mayumi M. 1992c; Typing hepatitis C virus by polymerase chain reaction with type-specific primers: applification to clinical surveys and tracing infectious sources. Journal of General Virology 73:673–679
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Okamoto H., Tokita H., Sakamoto M., Horikita M., Kojima M., Iizuka H., Mishiro S. 1993; Characterization of the genomic sequence of type V (or 3a) hepatitis C virus isolates and PCR primers for specific detection. Journal of General Virology 74:2385–2390
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Pozzato G., Moretti M., Franzin F., Tulissi P., Croce L. S., Kaneko S., Onoura M., Kobayashi K., Tiribelli C. 1992; The presence of‘Japanese type’ of NS4 region is associated to more severe liver disease. Journal of Hepatology 16: S3
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Simmonds P., Holmes E. C., Cha T. -A., Chan S. -W., McOmish F., Irvine B., Beall E., Yap P. L., Kolberg J., Urdea M. S. 1993a; Classification of hepatitis C virus into six major genotypes and a series of subtypes by phylogenetic analysis of the NS-5 region. Journal of General Virology 74:2391–2399
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Simmonds P., McOmish F., Yap P. L., Chan S. -W., Lin C. K., Dusheiko G., Saeed A. A., Holmes E. C. 1993b; Sequence variability in the 5′ non-coding region of hepatitis C virus: identification of a new virus type and restrictions on sequence diversity. Journal of General Virology 74:661–668
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Stuyver L., Rossau R., Wyseur A., Duhamel M., Vanderborght B., Van Heuverswyn H., Maertens G. 1993; Typing of hepatitis C virus isolates and characterization of new subtypes using a line probe assay. Journal of General Virology 74:1093–1102
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Takada N., Takase S., Takada A., Date T. 1993; Differences in the hepatitic C virus genotypes in different countries. Journal of Hepatology 17:277–283
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Takamizawa A., Mori C., Fuke I., Manabe S., Murakami S., Fujita J., Onishi E., Andoh T., Yoshida I., Okayama H. 1991; Structure and organization of the hepatitis C virus genome isolated from human carriers. Journal of Virology 65:1105–1113
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Tanaka T., Kato N., Nakagawa M., Ootsuyama Y., Cho M. -J., Nakazawa T., Hijikata M., Ishimura Y., Shimotohno K. 1992; Molecular cloning of hepatitis C virus genome from a single Japanese carrier: sequence variation within the same individual and among infected individuals. Virus Research 23:39–53
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Xu L. -Z. 1993; Nested PCR. In PCR: An Enzymatic In Vitro Amplification pp. 39–43 Larzul D. Edited by Paris: Lavoisier;
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Xu L. -Z., Martinot-Peignoux M., Marcellin P., Benhamou J. -P., Larzul D. 1994; Comparison of the sensitivity of nested PCR in the 5′ non-coding and the NS5 regions of the HCV genome. Journal of Hepatology in press
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Yoshioka K., Kakumu S., Wakita T., Ishikawa T., Itoh Y., Takayanagi M., Higashi Y., Shibata M., Morishima T. 1992; Detection of hepatitis C virus by polymerase chain reaction and response to interferon-alpha therapy: relationship to genotypes of hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 16:293–299
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-75-9-2393
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-75-9-2393
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error