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Forty-two women attending a colposcopy clinic for evaluation of abnormal cervical cytology and 13 normal controls were studied for the presence of lymphocyte proliferation (LP) cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses and serological reactivity to E7 peptides of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16). HPV was typed by Southern blot hybridization of exfoliated cervicovaginal cell DNA. Positive LP responses (stimulation index ⩾ 5·0) to one or more E7 peptides were observed in 28·6% (12 of 42) of patients and 23·1 % (three of 13) of controls. Of patients infected with HPV-16,-31 or -33, 63·6% (seven of 11) showed a positive LP response compared with 14-3 % (two of 14) of women infected with other HPV types (P = 0·02), 17·6 % (three of 17) negative for HPV (P = 0·02) and 23·1 % (three of 13) of controls (HPV status unknown) (P = 0·05). C-terminal peptide 109 (amino acids 72 to 97) elicited positive LP responses in 45-4% (five of 11) of patients infected with HPV -16, -31 or -33 compared with 71 % (one of 14) patients infected with other HPVs (P = 0·04), 5·9 % (one of 17) of women negative for HPV (P = 0·02) and 7·7% (one of 13) of controls (P = 0·05). HPV-16 group-specific LP responses of borderline significance were also observed against E7 peptides 103,105 and 108 (17−37, 37−54 and 62−80) (P = 0·07). ELISA reactivity (IgG) to E7 peptide 109 (72−97) was present in 7·7% (one of 13) of controls, 35·3 % (six of 17) of HPV-negative patients, 42·9 % (six of 14) of patients infected with other HPVs, and only 9·1 % (one of 11) of patients infected with HPV-16, -31 or -33. CMI responses to C-terminal HPV-16 E7 peptide 109 (72−97) were thus significantly related to ongoing cervical infection with HPV-16 and closely related types, whereas serological reactivity to E7 peptides was not HPV type-specific.
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