1887

Abstract

The 3′ non-coding regions (NCR) of RNA1 and RNA2 of blueberry leaf mottle nepovirus (BBLMV) are nearly identical with differences occurring at only four positions. The presence of this 1·4 kb duplication indicates that recombination has occurred at least once in the evolutionary history of BBLMV. Since high mutation rates are common in RNA viruses, strong selection pressure and/or high frequency of recombination must be operating in order to maintain identity in this duplicated region. The possible involvement of high frequency RNA recombination in maintaining identity was investigated. The four conserved differences between the 3′ NCR of RNA1 and RNA2 were used as markers to detect recombinants in a viral population. Nucleotide sequences of BBLMV cDNA clones were compared to the 3′ consensus sequence and deviations were examined to determine whether they were due to single base mutations or recombinational events. No evidence of recombination was found in any of the cDNA clones sequenced and all differences were attributed to mutations. If recombination occurred in the 3′ NCR of BBLMV, the frequency was below 1·1% between markers. The data indicate that identity in the 3′ NCR of RNA1 and RNA2 of BBLMV was maintained without high levels of recombination. The high number of mutations observed in a BBLMV population and lack of observable recombination indicate that other mechanisms, such as selection, play an important role in the conservation of identity in the 3′ NCR.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-75-8-2133
1994-08-01
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/75/8/JV0750082133.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-75-8-2133&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Allison R., Thompson C., Ahlquist P. 1990; Regeneration of functional RNA virus genome by recombination between deletion mutants for cowpea chlorotic mottle virus 3a and coat genes for systemic infection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A 87:1820–1824
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Angenent G. C., Posthumus E., Brederode F. T., Bol J. F. 1989; Genome structure of tobacco rattle virus strain PLB: further evidence on the occurrence of RNA recombination among tobra-viruses. Virology 171:271–274
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bacher J. W., Warkentin D., Ramsdell D., Hancock J. F. 1994; Sequence analysis of the 3′ termini of blueberry leaf mottle nepovirus. Virus Research in press
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bertioli D. J., Harris R. D., Edwards M. L., Cooper J. I., Hawes W. S. 1991; Transgenic plants and insect cells expressing the coat protein of arabis mosaic virus produce empty virus-like particles. Journal of General Virology 72:1801–1809
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Brault V., Hibrand L., Candresse T., Le Gall O., Dunez J. 1989; Nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of Hungarian grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus RNA 2. Nucleic Acids Research 17:7809–7819
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bujarski J. J., Kaesberg P. 1986; Genetic recombination between RNA components of a multipartite plant virus. Nature; London: 321528–531
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Devereux J., Haeberli P., Smithies O. 1984; A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucleic Acids Research 12:387–395
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Domingo E., Holland J. J. 1988; High error rates, population equilibrium and evolution of RNA replication systems. In RNA Genetics 3 pp. 3–36 Domingo E., Holland J. J., Ahlquist P. Edited by Boca Raton: CRC Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Domingo E., Martinez-Salas E., Sobrino F., De La Torre J. C., Portela A. 1985; The quasispecies (extremely heterogenous) nature of viral RNA genome populations: biological relevance -a review. Gene 40:1–8
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Fraenkel-Conrat H., Singer B., Tsugita A. 1961; Purification of viral RNA by means of bentonite. Virology 14:51–58
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Greif C., Hemmer O., Fritsch C. 1988; Nucleotide sequence of tomato black ring virus RNA-1. Journal of General Virology 69:1517–1529
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Gubler U., Hoffman B. J. 1983; A simple and very efficient method for generating cDNA libraries. Gene 25:263–269
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Holland J. J., Spindler K., Horodyski F., Grabau E., Nichol S., Vandepol S. 1982; Rapid evolution of RNA genomes. Science 215:1577–1585
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Kirkegaard K., Baltimore D. 1986; The mechanisms of RNA recombination in poliovirus. Cell 47:433
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Lai M. M. 1990; Coronaviruses: organization, replication and expression of genome. Annual Review of Microbiology 44:303–333
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Lewin B. 1990 Genes IV p. 349 Oxford: Oxford University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  17. McCahon D., Slade W. R., Priston R. A. J., Lake J. R. 1977; An extended genetic recombination map for foot-and-mouth disease virus. Journal of General Virology 35:555–565
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Matthews R. E. F. 1991 Plant Virology, 3rd edn. pp. 170–176 London & New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Meyer M., Hemmer O., Mayo M. A., Fritsch C. 1986; The nucleotide sequence of tomato black ring virus RNA-2. Journal of General Virology 67:1257–1271
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Ramsdell D. C., Stace-Smith R. 1981; Physical and chemical properties of the particles of ribonucleic acid of blueberry leaf mottle virus. Phytopathology 71:468–472
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Rott M. E., Tremaine J. H., Rochon D. M. 1991a; Comparison of the 5′ and 3′ termini of tomato ringspot virus RNA 1 and RNA 2: evidence for RNA recombination. Virology 185:468–472
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Rott M. E., Tremaine J. H., Rochon D. M. 1991b; Nucleotide sequence of tomato ringspot virus RNA-2. Journal of General Virology 72:1505–1514
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Sambrooik J., Fritsch E. F., Maniatis T. 1991 Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd edn. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Sanger F. 1981; Determination of nucleotide sequence in DNA. Science 214:1205–1210
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Scott N. W., Cooper J. I., Liu Y. Y., Hellen C. U. T. 1992; A 1·5 kb sequence homology in 3′-terminal regions of RNA-1 and RNA-2 of a birch isolate of cherry leaf roll nepovirus is also present, in part, in a rhubarb isolate. Journal of General Virology 73:481–485
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Serghini M. A., Fuchs M., Pinck M., Reinbolt J., Walter B., Pinck L. 1990; RNA2 of grapevine fanleaf virus: sequence analysis and coat protein cistron location. Journal of General Virology 71:1433–1441
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Steinhauer D. A., Holland J. J. 1987; Rapid evolution of RNA viruses. Annual Review of Microbiology 41:409–433
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Vieira J., Messing J. 1987; Production of single stranded plasmid DNA. Methods in Enzymology 153:3–11
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-75-8-2133
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-75-8-2133
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error