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The biological properties of homogeneous populations of feline immunodeficiency viruses derived from infectious molecular clones of the TM1, TM2 and Petaluma strains were compared. Differences in in- fectivity for Crandell feline kidney (CRFK) cells, and in syncytium formation and replication kinetics in a feline T lymphoblastoid cell line (MYA-1 cells) were observed. To investigate the basis of these differences between the TM2 and Petaluma strains, we first compared the basal promoter activity of the long terminal repeat which is a highly divergent region, but no significant difference in activities was found in CRFK cells. We then constructed two recombinant chimeric clones which carry gag, pol, vif and ORF A from the heterologous virus. From analyses using the chimeric clones, it was revealed that efficient virus growth in CRFK cells and MYA-1 cells was regulated by the gag, pol, vif and ORF A regions, whereas viral determinants of infectivity for CRFK cells, and syncytium formation and cytopathogenicity in MYA-1 cells, were located in the env region.
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