1887

Abstract

A sequence motif that is conserved in a number of -adenosylmethionine (SAM)-utilizing methyltransferases and is implicated in SAM binding was identified in the N-terminal portion of NS5 proteins of flaviviruses and in 2 protein of reovirus. An additional conserved motif was shared by these viral proteins and two distinct groups of methyltransferases including as the prototypes hydroxyneurosporene methylase ( gene product) and yeast 3,4-dihydroxy-5-hexaprenylbenzoate methylase (3 gene product), respectively. Statistically significant similarity was revealed between the region of flavivirus NS5 containing the SAM-binding motif and a newly characterized family of putative methyltransferases from bacteria, yeast and plants, which is related to the Coq3 group. Amino acid sequence signatures were derived that are unique for NS5 proteins and different subsets of (putative) cellular methyltransferases. It is hypothesized that the N-terminal domain of NS5 is a methyltransferase involved in viral RNA capping. Thus NS5 may be a two-domain protein, with its C-terminal domain comprising the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The putative methyltransferase domain of flaviviruses is unrelated to the methyltransferase domain previously characterized in positive-strand RNA viruses of the alphavirus-like supergroup. The lack of sequence similarity and different location of the putative methyltransferase domain underscores the drastic difference in the genome layout of flaviviruses and alphaviruses. The identification of the putative methyltransferase domain in reovirus λ2 protein is compatible with the available evidence that this protein is the viral capping enzyme.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-74-4-733
1993-04-01
2024-12-13
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/74/4/JV0740040733.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-74-4-733&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Altschul S. F., Gish W., Miller W., Myers E. W., Lipman D. J. 1990; Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology 215:403–410
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bruenn J. A. 1991; Relationships among the positive strand and double-strand RNA viruses as viewed through their RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Nucleic Acids Research 19:217–226
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bugos R. C., Chiang V. LC., Campbell W. H. 1991; cDNA cloning, sequence analysis and seasonal expression of lignin-bispecific caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid O-methyltransferase of aspen. Plant Molecular Biology 17:1203–1215
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Cammisa-Parks H., Cisar L. A., Kane A., Stollar V. 1992; The complete nucleotide sequence of cell fusing agent (CFA): homology between the nonstructural proteins encoded by CFA and the nonstructural proteins encoded by arthropod-borne flaviviruses. Virology 189:511–524
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Chambers T. J., Hahn C. S., Galler R., Rice C. M. 1990; Flavivirus genome organization, expression, and replication. Annual Review of Microbiology 44:649–688
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Clarke C. F., Williams W., Teruya J. H. 1991; Ubiquinone biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: isolation and sequence of COQ3, the 3,4-dihydroxy-5-hexaprenylbenzoate methyltransferase gene. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266:16636–16644
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Collett M. S., Anderson D. K., Retzel E. 1988; Comparisons of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhoea virus with members of the flaviviridae. Journal of General Virology 69:2637–2643
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cozens A. L., Walker J. E. 1987; The organization and sequence of the genes for ATP synthase subunits in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301: support for an endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts. Journal of Molecular Biology 194:359–383
    [Google Scholar]
  9. David C., Gargouri-Bouzid R., Haenni A-L. 1992; RNA replication of plant viruses containing an RNA genome. Progress in Nucleic Acids. Research and Molecular Biology 42:157–227
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Dolja V. V., Carrington J. C. 1992; Evolution of positive-strand RNA viruses. Seminars in Virology 3:315–326
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Fausnaugh J., Shatkin A. J. 1990; Active site localization in a viral mRNA capping enzyme. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265:7669–7672
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Francki RI. B, Fauquet C. M., Knudson D. L., Brown F. 1991; Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Fifth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplementum 2:
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Fu J„, Tan B. H., Yap E. H., Chan Y. C., Tan Y. H. 1992; Full-length cDNA sequence of dengue type 1 virus (Singapore strain S275/90). Virology 188:953–958
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Goldbach R. 1987; Genome similarities between plant and animal RNA viruses. Microbiological Sciences 4:197–202
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Goldbach J. 1991; Alpha-like viruses in plants. Seminars in Virology 2:19–25
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Gorbalenya A. E., Koonin E. V. 1988; Viral proteins containing the purine NTP-binding sequence pattern. Nucleic Acids Research 17:8413–8440
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Gorbalenya A. E., Koonin E. V., Donchenko A. P., Blinov V. 1988a; A conserved NTP-motif in putative helicases. Nature, London 333:22–23
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Gorbalenya A. E., Koonin E. V., Donchenko A. P., Blinov V. M. 1988b; A novel superfamily of nucleoside triphosphatebinding motif-containing proteins which are probably involved in duplex unwinding in DNA and RNA replication and recombination. FEES Letters 239:16–24
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Gorbalenya A. E., Blinov V. M., Donchenko A. P., Koonin E. 1989a; An NTP-binding motif is the most conserved sequence in a highly diverged monophyletic group of proteins involved in positive strand RNA viral replication. Journal of Molecular Evolution 28:256–268
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Gorbalenya A. E., Koonin E. V., Donchenko A. P., Blinov V. M. 1989b; Two related superfamilies of putative helicases involved in replication, recombination, repair and expression of DNA and RNA genomes. Nucleic Acids Research 17:4713–1730
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Haydock S. F., Dowson J. A., Dhillon N., Roberts G. A., Cortes J., Leadlay P. F. 1991; Cloning and sequence analysis of genes involved in erythromycin biosynthesis in Saccharopolyspora erythreat sequence similarities between EryG and a family of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. Molecular and General Genetics 230:120–128
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Hercyk N., Horikami S. N., Moyer S. A. 1988; The vesicular stomatitis virus L protein possesses the mRNA methyltransferase activities. Virology 163:222–225
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Hussain M., Lenard J. 1991; Characterization of PDR4, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene that confers pleiotropic drug resistance in high copy number. Gene 101:149–152
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Iacono-Connors L. C., Schmaljohn C. S. 1992; Cloning and sequence analysis of the genes encoding the nonstructural proteins of Langat virus and comparative analysis with other flaviviruses. Virology 188:875–880
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Ingrosso D., Fowler A. V., Bleibaum J., Clarke S. 1989; Sequence of the D-aspartyl/L-isoaspartyl protein methyltransferase from human erythrocytes. Common sequence motifs for protein, DNA, RNA and small molecule S'-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264:20131–20139
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Koonin E. V. 1991a; Similarities in RNA helicases. Nature, London 352:290–
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Koonin E. V. 1991b; The phylogeny of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of positive-strand RNA viruses. Journal of General Virology 72:2197–2206
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Koonin E. V. 1992; Evolution of double-stranded RNA viruses. Seminars in Virology 3:327–339
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Koonin E. V., Gorbalenya A. E., Chumakov K. M. 1989; Tentative identification of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of dsRNA viruses and their relationship to positive strand RNA viral polymerases. FEBS Letters 252:42–46
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Koonin E. V., Chumakov K. M., Gorbalenya A. E. 1990; A method for localization of motifs in amino acid sequences. Biopolymery i Kletka 6:43–48 in Russian
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Lacalle R. A., Ruiz D., Jimenez A. 1991; Molecular analysis of the dmpM gene encoding an O-demethyl puromycin O-methyl-transferase from Streptomyces alboniger. Gene 109:55–61
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Mao Z., Joklik W. K. 1991; Isolation and enzymatic characterization of protein λ2, the reovirus guanylyltransferase. Virology 185:377–386
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Matthews R. EF. 1982; Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Intervirology 17:1–199
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Palmer J. A., Madhusudhan K. T., Hatter K., Sokatch J. R. 1991; Cloning, sequence and transcriptional analysis of the gene for LPD-3, the third lypoamide dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas putida. European Journal of Biochemistry 202:231–241
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Preugschat F., Yao C. W., Strauss J. H. 1990; In vitro processing of dengue virus type 2 nonstructural proteins NS2A, NS2B, and NS3. Journal of Virology 64:4364–4374
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Rozanov M. N., Koonin E. V., Gorbalenya A. E. 1992; Conservation of the putative methyltransferase domain: a hallmark of the ‘Sindbis-like’ supergroup of positive-strand RNA viruses. Journal of General Virology 73:2129–2134
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Schuler G. D., Altschul S. F., Lipman D. J. 1991; A workbench for multiple alignment construction and analysis. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 9:180–190
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Seliger L. S., Zheng K., Shatkin A. J. 1987; Complete nucleotide sequence of reovirus L2 gene and deduced amino acid sequence of viral mRNA guanylyltransferase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 262:16289–16293
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Sparkowski J. J., Das A. K. 1990; The nucleotide sequence of greA, a supressor gene that restores growth of an Escherichia coli RNA polymerase mutant at high temperature. Nucleic Acids Research 18:6443–
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Voisin P., Guerlotte J., Bernard M., Collin J. P., Cogne M. 1992; Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase from chicken pineal gland. Biochemical Journal 282:571–576
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Wengler G., Wengler G. 1991; The carboxy-terminal part of the NS3 protein of the West Nile flavivirus can be isolated as a soluble protein after proteolytic cleavage and represents an RNA-stimulated NTPase. Virology 184:707–715
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Wu G., Williams H. D., Zamanian M., Gibson F., Poole R. K. 1992; Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli mutants affected in aerobic respiration: cloning and nucleotide sequence of ubiG. Identification of an S-adenosylmethionine-binding motif in protein, RNA, and small-molecule methyltransferases. Journal of General Microbiology 138:2101–2112
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Zimmern D. 1988; Evolution of RNA viruses. In RNA Genetics vol 2 pp 211–240 Edited by Holland J. J., Domingo E., Ahlquist P. Boca Raton: CRC Press;
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-74-4-733
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-74-4-733
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error