1887

Abstract

Mature laying chickens were inoculated intratracheally with a field strain of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus. Tracheal swabs were collected regularly from all birds for virus culture. At various times post-inoculation, pairs of birds were killed and tissues removed for detection of virus products using conventional tissue homogenization and culture, organ culture, indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and also the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The latter was used to detect a DNA sequence from the ILT virus thymidine kinase gene. Following inoculation the birds developed mild respiratory disease with clinical signs characteristic of ILT from 3 to 10 days post-inoculation. Trachea and turbinate tissues were virus-positive as determined by virus isolation, organ culture, IF and PCR on day 4 post-inoculation. After recovery from the acute phase, virus shedding initially ceased, then intermittent, low level shedding was recorded for five of the six remaining birds. In an attempt to locate sites of latency, pairs of birds were sampled at 31, 46 and 61 days post-inoculation. Virus was not detected in upper respiratory tract or ocular tissues by conventional techniques, or in the trigeminal, proximal and distal ganglia. All tissues were also negative by PCR, except for the trigeminal ganglia of five of the six birds. All PCR-positive birds had previously shed ILT virus intermittently between days 19 and 59 post-inoculation. As we did not detect viral DNA in any of the other tissues sampled from clinically recovered birds, we conclude that the trigeminal ganglion is the main site of latency of ILT virus.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-73-9-2415
1992-09-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/73/9/JV0730092415.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-73-9-2415&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Ackermann M., Peterhans E., Wyler R. 1982; DNA of bovine herpesvirus type 1 in the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research 43:36–40
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bagust T. J. 1985; Infectious laryngotracheitis herpesvirus (ILT): latency and detection and in vitro reactivation of haemorrhagic and vaccine strains. Proceedings of the VIIIth International Congress of the World Veterinary Poultry Association, Jerusalem, Israel, p 23
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bagust T. J. 1986; Laryngotracheitis (gallid-1) herpesvirus infection in the chicken. 4. Latency establishment by wild and vaccine strains of ILT virus. Avian Pathology 15:581–595
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bagust T. J., Calnek B. W., Fahey K. J. 1986; Gallid-1 herpesvirus infection in the chicken. 3. Reinvestigation of the pathogenesis of infectious laryngotracheitis in acute and early post-acute respiratory disease. Avian Diseases 30:179–190
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bastian F. O., Rabson A. S., Yee C. L., Tralka T. S. 1972; Herpesvirus hominis: isolation from human trigeminal ganglion. Science 178:306–307
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Brown T. M., Osorio F. A., Rock D. L. 1990; Detection of latent pseudorabies virus in swine using in situ hybridization. Veterinary Microbiology 24:273–280
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Bubień-Waluszewska A. 1981; The cranial nerves. In Form and Function in Birds vol 2 pp 385–438 Edited by King A. S., McLelland J. London & New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Claoué C. M. P., Hodges T. J., Darville J. M., Hill T. J., Blyth W. A., Easty D. L. 1990; Possible latent infection with herpes simplex virus in the mouse eye. Journal of General Virology 71:2385–2390
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Galeota Wheeler J., Osorio F. A. 1991; Investigation of sites of pseudorabies virus latency, using the polymerase chain reaction. American Journal of Veterinary Research 52:1799–1803
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Gaskell R. M., Dennis P. E., Goddard L. E., Cocker F. M., Wills J. M. 1985; Isolation of felid herpesvirus I from trigeminal ganglia of latently infected cats. Journal of General Virology 66:391–394
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Griffin A. M., Boursnell M. E. G. 1990; Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of DNA from the region of the thymidine kinase gene of infectious laryngotracheitis virus; potential evolutionary relationships between the herpesvirus subfamilies. Journal of General Virology 71:841–850
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Gutekunst D. E., Pirtle E. C., Miller L. D., Stewart W. C. 1980; Isolation of pseudorabies virus from the trigeminal ganglia of a latently infected sow. American Journal of Veterinary Research 41:1315–1316
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hitchner S. B., Fabricant J., Bagust T. J. 1977; A fluorescent-antibody study of the pathogenesis of infectious laryngotracheitis. Avian Diseases 21:185–194
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Homan E. J., Easterday B. C. 1980; Isolation of bovine herpesvirus-1 from trigeminal ganglia of clinically normal cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research 41:1212–1213
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Hughes C. S. 1989; Studies on infectious laryngotracheitis virus of the domestic fowl with particular reference to the carrier state. Ph.D. thesis University of Liverpool;
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Hughes C. S., Jones R. C., Gaskell R. M., Jordan F. T. W., Bradbury J. M. 1987; Demonstration in live chickens of the carrier state in infectious laryngotracheitis. Research in Veterinary Science 42:407–410
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Hughes C. S., Gaskell R. M., Jones R. C., Bradbury J. M., Jordan F. T. W. 1989; Effects of certain stress factors on the reexcretion of infectious laryngotracheitis virus from latently infected carrier birds. Research in Veterinary Science 46:274–276
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hughes C. S., Gaskell R. M., Bradbury J. M., Jordan F. T. W., Jones R. C. 1991a; Survey of field outbreaks of avian infectious laryngotracheitis in England and Wales. Veterinary Record 129:258–260
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Hughes C. S., Williams R. A., Gaskell R. M., Jordan F. T. W., Bradbury J. M., Bennett M., Jones R. C. 1991b; Latency and reactivation of infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine virus. Archives of Virology 121:213–218
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Jordan F. T. W. 1990; Infectious laryngotracheitis. In Poultry Diseases 3rd edn pp 154–158 Edited by Jordan F. T. W. London: Baillière Tindall;
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kaleta E. F., Redmann T., Heffels-Redmann U., Frese K. 1986; Zum nachweis der latenz des attenuierten virus der infektiösen laryngotracheitis des huhnes im trigeminus-ganglion. Deutsche Tierӓrztlichte Wochenschrift 93:40–42
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kaye S. B., Lynas C., Patterson A., Risk J. M., McCarthy K., Hart C. A. 1991; Evidence for herpes simplex viral latency in the human cornea. British Journal of Ophthalmology 75:195–200
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Keeler C. L., Kingsley D. H., Adams Burton C. R. 1991; Identification of the thymidine kinase gene of infectious laryngotracheitis virus. Avian Diseases 35:920–929
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Maes R. K., Beisel C. E., Spatz S. J., Thacker B. J. 1990; Polymerase chain reaction amplification of pseudorabies virus DNA from acutely and latently infected cells. Veterinary Microbiology 24:281–295
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Purcell D. A., McFerran J. B. 1969; Influence of method of infection on pathogenesis of infectious laryngotracheitis. Journal of Comparative Pathology 79:285–291
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Rong B. L., Pavan-Langston D., Weng Q. P., Martinez R., Cherry J. M., Dunkel E. C. 1991; Detection of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and latency-associated transcript gene sequences in human herpetic corneas by polymerase chain reaction amplification. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 32:1808–1815
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Turner A. J. 1972; Persistence of virus in respiratory infections of chickens. Australian Veterinary Journal 48:361–363
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-73-9-2415
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-73-9-2415
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error