1887

Abstract

Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) resides in infected lymphocytes in a latent, repressed state but becomes expressed a few hours after the cells are cultured . We have identified several conditions and factors affecting the expression of BLV in short-term cultures of naturally infected lymphoid cells. The presence of foetal calf serum in the culture medium greatly stimulates virus expression. This stimulation is not due to cellular proliferation. Transcription of BLV RNA and synthesis of p25 in the cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes are preceded by a lag period of several hours. Synthesis of BLV p25 in these cultures takes place almost immediately after viral RNA synthesis. Extending previous results, we demonstrate that the plasma and lymphatic fluid of cattle contain factors that suppress and stimulate BLV expression. As a result of systematic examination of several parameters, we have developed reproducible assays for the detection of these factors. It is very likely that their relative concentration in the host is an important determinant of susceptibility and resistance to the development of lymphosarcoma and persistent lymphocytosis in BLV-infected cattle.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-73-8-1915
1992-08-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/73/8/JV0730081915.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-73-8-1915&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Abt D. A., Marshak R. R., Ferrer J. F., Piper C. E., Bhatt D. M. 1976; Studies on the development of persistent lymphocytosis and infection with the bovine C-type leukemia virus (BLV) in cattle. Veterinary Microbiology 1:287–300
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Baliga V., Ferrer J. F. 1977; Expression of the bovine leukemia virus and its internal antigen in blood lymphocytes. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine 156:388–391
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bradford M. M. 1976; A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72:248–254
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Chatterjee R., Gupta P., Kashmiri S. V. S., Ferrer J. F. 1985; Phytohemagglutinin activation of the transcription of the bovine leukemia virus genome requires de novo protein synthesis. Journal of Virology 54:860–863
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Cornil I., Levy D. 1989; In vivo inhibition of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) expression. Leukemia 3:159–161
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Dona wick W., Johnstone C., Martins J., Dodd D., Martin J., Marshak R. R. 1970; Successful transplantation lymphosarcoma in calves treated with anti-lymphocyte serum. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 44:467–472
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Driscoll D. M., Baumgartener L. E., Olson C. 1977; Concanavalin A and the production of bovine leukemia virus antigen in short-term lymphocyte cultures. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 58:1513–1514
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Esteban E. N., Thorn R. M., Ferrer J. F. 1985; Characterization of the blood lymphocyte population in cattle infected with bovine leukemia virus. Cancer Research 45:3225–3230
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Ferrer J. F. 1980; Bovine lymphosarcoma. Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine 24:1–68
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Ferrer J. F., Stock N. D., Lin P. S. 1971; Detection of replicating C-type viruses in continuous cell cultures established from cows with leukemia: effect of the culture medium. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 47:613–621
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Ferrer J. F., Marshak R. R., Abt D. A., Kenyon S. J. 1979; Relationship between lymphosarcoma and persistent lymphocytosis in cattle. A review. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 175:705–708
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Ferrer J. F., Cabradilla C., Gupta P. 1980; Bovine leukemia: a model for viral carcinogenesis. In 7th Proceedings of the Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Cell Proliferation pp. 887–899 Edited by Essex M., Todaro G., Zur Hausen H. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Folks T. M., Justement J., Kinter A., Dinarello C. A., Facui A. S. 1987; Cytokine-induced expression of HIV-1 in a chronically infected promonocyte cell line. Science 238:800–802
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Greenwood F. C., Hunter W. M., Glover J. S. 1963; The preparation of 131I-labelled human growth hormone of high specific radioactivity. Biochemistry Journal 89:114–123
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Gupta P., Ferrer J. F. 1981; Comparison of various serological and direct methods for the diagnosis of BLV infection in cattle. International Journal of Cancer 28:179–184
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Gupta P., Ferrer J. F. 1982; Expression of bovine leukemia virus genome is blocked by a non-immunoglobulin protein in plasma from infected cattle. Science 215:405–407
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Gupta P., Kashmiri S. V. S., Ferrer J. F. 1984; Transcriptional control of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) genome: role and characterization of a non-immunoglobulin plasma protein from BLV-infected cattle. Journal of Virology 50:267–270
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Haynes B., Miller S., Palker T. J., Moore J. O., Dunn P. H., Bolognesi D. P., Metzer R. S. 1983; Identification of human T-cell leukemia virus in a Japanese patient with adult T-cell leukemia and cutaneous lymphomatous vasculitis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S. A 80:2054–2058
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Jensen W. A., Rovnak J., Cockerell G. 1991; In vivo transcription of the bovine leukemia virus tax/rex region in normal and neoplastic lymphocytes of cattle and sheep. Journal of Virology 65:2484–2490
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Johnson D. A., Gautsch J. W., Sportsman J. R., Elder J. H. 1984; Improved technique utilizing nonfat dry milk for analysis of proteins and nucleic acids transferred to nitrocellulose. Gene Analysis Technique 1:3–8
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kashmiri S. V. S., Mehdi R., Ferrer J. F. 1984; Molecular cloning of covalently closed circular DNA of bovine leukemia virus. Journal of Virology 49:583–587
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kettmann R., Marbaix G., Cleuter Y., Portetelle D., Mammerickx M., Burny A. 1980; Genomic integration of bovine leukemia provirus and lack of viral RNA expression in the target cells of cattle with different responses to BLV infection. Leukemia Research 4:509–519
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Kettmann R., Deschamps J., Cleuter Y., Couez D., Burny A., Marbaix G. 1982; Leukemogenesis by bovine leukemia virus: proviral DNA integration and lack of RNA expression of viral long terminal repeat and 3′ proximate cellular sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 79:2465–2469
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Laemmli U. K. 1970; Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, London 227:680–685
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Lagarias D. M., Radke K. 1989; Transcriptional activation of bovine leukemia virus in blood cells from experimentally infected, asymptomatic sheep with latent infections. Journal of Virology 63:2099–2107
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Lee S. K., Singh J., Taylor R. B. 1975; Subclasses of T cells with different sensitivities to cytotoxic antibody in the presence of anesthetics. European Journal of Immunology 5:259–262
    [Google Scholar]
  27. McDonald H. C., Ferrer J. F. 1976; Detection, quantitation and characterization of the major internal virion antigen of the bovine leukemia virus by radioimmunoassay. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 57:875–882
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Marmur J. 1961; A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from micro-organism. Journal of Molecular Biology208–218
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Melton D. A., Krieg P. A., Rebagliati M. R., Maniatis T., Zinn K., Green M. R. 1984; Efficient in vitro synthesis of biologically active RNA and RNA hybridization probes from plasmids containing a bacteriophage SP6 promoter. Nucleic Acids Research 12:7035–7056
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Nabel G. J., Rice S. A., Knipe D. M., Baltimore D. 1988; Alternative mechanisms for activation of human immunodeficiency virus enhancer in T cells. Science 239:1299–1302
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Nerukar L. S., Wong-Staal F., Gallo R. C. 1990; Human retroviruses, leukemia and AIDS. In Leukemia 5th edn., pp. 225–252 Edited by Mackey T. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders;
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Piper C. E., Ferrer J. F., Abt D. A., Marshak R. R. 1979; Postnatal and prenatal transmission of the bovine leukemia virus under natural conditions. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 62:165–168
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Schupbach J. 1989; Human retrovirology: facts and concepts. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 142:1–115
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Sherman M. P., Ehrlich G. D., Sninsky J. J., Ferrer J. F., Zandomeni R., Dock N., Poiesz S. J. 1991; Amplification and analysis of specific DNA and RNA sequences of the bovine leukemia virus from infected cows by the polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Clinical Microbiology (in press)
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Southern E. M. 1975; Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. Journal of Molecular Biology 38:503–517
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Stock N. D., Ferrer J. F. 1972; Replicating C-type virus in phytohemagglutinin-treated buffy coat cultures of bovine origin. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 48:985–996
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Tamm I., Sehgal P. B., Lamb R. A., Goldberg A. R. 1984; Halogenated ribofuranosylbenzimidazoles. In Antiviral Drugs and Interferon pp. 203–252 Edited by Becker Y. Boston: Martin Nijhoff;
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Thompson J., Gillespie D. 1987; Molecular hybridization with RNA probes in concentrated solutions of guanidine thiocyanate. Analytical Biochemistry 163:281–291
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Tochikura T., Iwahashi M., Matsumoto T., Koyanagi Y., Hinuma Y., Yamamoto N. 1985; Effect of human serum anti-HTLV antibodies on viral antigen induction in in vitro cultured peripheral lymphocytes from adult T-cell leukemia patients and healthy virus carriers. International Journal of Cancer 36:1–7
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Tsukiyama K. 1985; Control of expression of bovine leukemia virus genome: effect of plasma blocking factor and platelet derived factor. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research 33:101
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Tsukiyama K., Onuma M., Izawa H. 1987; Effect of platelet-derived factor on expression of bovine leukemia virus genome. Archives of Virology 96:89–96
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Van Den Broeke A., Cleuter Y., Chen G., Portetelle D., Mammerickx M., Zagury D., Fouchard M., Coulombel L., Kettmann R. 1988; Even transcriptionally competent proviruses are silent in bovine leukemia virus-induced sheep tumor cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 85:9263–9267
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Wong-Staal F., Gallo R. C. 1985; The family of human T-lymphotropic leukemia viruses: HTLV-I as the cause of adult T cell leukemia and HTLV-III as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Blood 65:253–263
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Yoshida M. 1987; Expression of the HTLV-I genome and its association with a unique T-cell malignancy. Biochimica et biophysica acta 907:145–161
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Zandomeni R., Mittleman B., Bunick D., Ackerman S., Weinmann R. 1982; Mechanism of action of DRB: effect on in vitro transcription. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 79:3167–3170
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Zandomeni R. O., Bunick D., Ackerman S., Mittleman B. S., Weinmann R. 1983; Mechanism of action of DRB TIL Effect on specific in vitro initiation of transcription. Journal of Molecular Biology 167:561–574
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Zandomeni R. O., Carrera-Zandomeni M., Esteban E., Ferrer J. F. 1991; The trans-activating C-type retroviruses share a distinct epitope(s) that induces antibodies in certain infected hosts. Journal of General Virology 72:2113–2119
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-73-8-1915
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-73-8-1915
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error