1887

Abstract

Recombinant vaccinia viruses have been proposed as live virus vectors in man to generate both specific humoral and cellular immune responses. The generation of such responses following revaccination was followed in five normal volunteers. All five showed elevated (35- to 6500-fold) vaccina virus-specific IgG by 14 days post-vaccination, following uncomplicated vaccination by dermal scarification. Four of the five had elevated total serum immunoglobulins with increased spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin production. Major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted vaccinia virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were not detected either directly, from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, or following secondary stimulation, even by limiting dilution analysis. These studies would suggest that vaccination with recombinant vaccinia viruses may provide an insufficient stimulus to the generation of CTLs .

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-72-5-1183
1991-05-01
2024-12-03
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/72/5/JV0720051183.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-72-5-1183&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Borysiewicz L. K., Morris S., Page J. D., Sissons J. G. P. 1983; Human cytomegalovirus specific T cells – requirements for in vitro. generation and specificity. European Journal of Immunology 13:804–809
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Borysiewicz L. K., Graham S., Hickling J. K., Mason P. D., Sissons J. G. P. 1988a; Human cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T cells: their precursor frequency and stage specificity. European Journal of Immunology 18:269–275
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Borysiewicz L. K., Hickling J. K., Graham S., Sinclair J., Cranage M. P., Smith G. L., Sissons J. G. P. 1988b; Human cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T cells. Relative frequency of stage-specific CTL recognizing the 72-kD immediate early protein and glycoprotein B expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses. Journal of Experimental Medicine 168:919–931
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Esteban M., Metz D. H. 1973; Early virus protein synthesis in vaccinia virus-infected cells. Journal of General Virologv 19:201–216
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Fenner F., Henderson D. A., Arita I., Jezek Z., Ladnyi I. D. 1988 Smallpox and its Eradication Geneva: World Health Organization;
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Fulginiti V. A., Kempe C. H., Hathaway W. E., Pearlman D. S., Sieber O. F. Jr, Eller J. J., Joyner J. J. Sr, Robinson A. 1967; Progressive vaccinia in immunologically deficient individuals. Birth Defects 4:129–145
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Gotch F. M., Nixon D. F., Alp N., McMichael A. J., Borysiewicz L. K. 1990; High frequency of memory and effector gag specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in HIV seropositive individuals. International Immunology (in press)
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Hickling J. K., Borysiewicz L. K., Sissons J. G. P. 1987; Varicella zoster virus specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc): detection and frequency analysis of HLA class I-restricted Tc in human peripheral blood. Journal of Virology 61:3463–3469
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Hutt L. M. 1975; The immune response to infection with vaccinia virus in mice II. Appearance of hypersensitivity, production of macrophage inhibitory factor and transformation of spleen cells in response to virus antigens. Journal of Hygiene 74:315–327
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Issekutz T. B. 1984; Kinetics of cytotoxic lymphocytes in efferent lymph nodes following immunization with vaccinia virus. Clinics in Experimental Immunology 56:515–523
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Koszinowski U., Ertl H. 1975; Lysis mediated by T cells and restricted by H-2 antigen of target cells infected with vaccinia virus. Nature, London 255:552–554
    [Google Scholar]
  12. McMichael A. J., Gotch F., Cullen P., Askonas B., Webster R. G. 1981; The human cytotoxic T cell response to influenza A vacciniation. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 43:276–284
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Mallon V. A., Domber E. A., Holowczak J. A. 1985; Vaccinia virus proteins on the plasma membrane of infected cells. II. Expression of viral antigens and killing of infected cells by vaccinia virus-specific cytotoxic T cells. Virology 145:1–23
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Mason P. D., Weetman A. P., Sissons J. G. P., Borysiewicz L. K. 1988; Suppressive role of NK cells in pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin synthesis: effect of depletion/enrichment of Leu 1lb+ cells. Immunology 65:113–118
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Nash A. A., Field H. J., Quartey-Papafio R. 1980; Cell-mediated immunity in herpes simplex virus-infected mice: induction, characterization, and antiviral effects of delayed type hypersen sitivity. Journal of General Virology 48:351–357
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Nash A. A., Jayasuriya A., Phelan J., Cobbold S. P., Waldmann H., Prospero T. 1987; Different roles for L3T4+ and Lyt 2+ T cell subsets in the controls of an acute herpes simplex virus infection of the skin and nervous system. Journal of General Virology 68:825–833
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Perrin L. H., Zinkernagel R. M., Oldstone M. B. A. 1977; Immune responses in humans after vaccination with vaccinia virus: generation of a virus-specific cytotoxic activity by human peripheral lymphocytes. Journal of Experimental Medicine 146:949–969
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Pincus W. B., Flick J. A. 1963; The role of hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis of vaccinia virus infection in humans. Journal of Pediatrics 62:57–62
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Sharrock C. E. M., Kaminski E., Man S. 1990; Limiting dilution analysis of human T cells: a useful clinical tool. Immunology Today 11:281–286
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Smith G. L. 1990; Vaccinia: virus, vector and vaccine. In Control of Virus Diseases, 45th Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology pp 77–121 Edited by Dimmock J. N., Griffiths P. D., Madeley C. R. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Weaver C. T., Hawrylowicz C. M., Unanue E. R. 1988; T helper cell subsets require the expression of distinct costimulatory signals by antigen-presenting cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 85:8181–8185
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Zinkernagel R. M., Althage A., Jensen F. C. 1977; Cell-mediated immune response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis and vaccinia virus in rats. Journal of Immunology 119:1242–1247
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-72-5-1183
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-72-5-1183
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error