The complete nucleotide sequence of rice stripe virus (RSV) segment 3 shows that it has two open reading frames, one in the viral-complementary sequence, which codes for the nucleocapsid protein, and the other in the viral-sense sequence. The non-coding region between the ambisense genes in RSV segment 3 contains several U and A tracts, as do the ambisense S segments of phleboviruses and uukuviruses. As we have previously shown that RSV segment 4 has an ambisense nature, this is the first instance of a virus containing two ambisense segments.
AuperinD. D.,
RomanowskyV.,
GalinskyM.,
BishopD. H. L.1984; Sequencing studies of Pichinde arenavirus S RNA indicate a novel coding strategy, an ambisense viral S RNA. Journal of Virology 52:897–904
CollettM. S.,
PurchioA. F.,
KeegaK.,
FrazierS.,
HaysW.,
AndersonD. K.,
ParkerM. D.,
SchmaljohnC.,
SchmidtJ.,
DalrympleJ. M.1985; Complete nucleotide sequence of the M segment of Rift Valley fever virus. Virology 144:228–245
De HaanP.,
WagemakersL.,
PetersD.,
GoldbachR.1989; Molecular cloning and terminal sequence determination of the S and M RNAs of tomato spotted wilt virus. Journal of General Virology 70:3469–3473
De HaanP.,
WagemakersL.,
PetersD.,
GoldbachR.1990; The S RNA segment of tomato spotted wilt virus has an ambisense character. Journal of General Virology 71:1001–1007
EmeryV. C.,
BishopD. H. L.1987; Characterization of Punta Toro S mRNA species and identification of an inverted complementary sequence in the intergenic region of Punta Toro phlebovirus ambisense S RNA that is involved in mRNA transcription termination. Virology 156:1–11
HayanoY.,
KakutaniT.,
HayashiT.,
MinobeY.1990; Coding strategy of rice stripe virus: major nonstructural protein is encoded in viral RNA segment 4 and coat protein in RNA complementary to segment 3. Virology 177:372–374
IharaT.,
SmithJ.,
DalrympleJ. M.,
BishopD. H. L.1985; Complete sequences of the glycoproteins and M RNA of Punta Toro phlebovirus compared to those of Rift Valley fever virus. Virology 144:246–259
IshikawaK.,
OmuraT.,
TsuchizakiT.1989b; Association of double- and single-stranded RNAs with each of four components of rice stripe virus. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 55:315–323
KakutaniT.,
HayanoY.,
HayashiT.,
MinobeY.1990; Ambisense segment 4 of rice stripe virus: possible evolutionary relationship with phleboviruses and uukuviruses (Bunyaviridae). Journal of General Virology 71:1427–1432
SimonsJ. F.,
HellmanU.,
PetterssonR. F.1990; Uukuniemi virus S segment: ambisense coding strategy, packaging of complementary strands into virions, and homology to members of the genus phlebovirus. Journal of Virology 64:247–255
ToriyamaS.,
WatanabeY.1989; Characterization of single- and double-stranded RNAs in particles of rice stripe virus. Journal of General Virology 70:505–511