Degenerate primers based on highly conserved regions of amino acid sequence in papillomaviruses can be used in a generalized polymerase chain reaction to detect productive human papillomavirus infections
Conserved amino acid sequences within the L1 open reading frame of the human papillomavirus (HPV) genome were used as a basis to design two degenerate primers (GP17 and GP18) and one general probe (GPR22) which direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and subsequent detection of a 620 to 660 bp DNA fragment. The conserved nature of the primers and probe was tested experimentally on a panel of 24 cloned HPV DNAs isolated from cutaneous and mucosal lesions, including HPV-2a and -57, which are known to be associated with lesions at both anatomical sites. The sensitivity of this PCR test was at the level of genomic Southern blot analysis, indicating that HPV infections producing high copy numbers can be detected. Positive results were obtained with DNA extracted from clinical samples of genital and cutaneous origin.
AholaH.,
BergmanP.,
StrömA.-C.,
Moreno-LopezJ.,
PettersonU.1986; Organization and expression of the transforming region of the European elk papillomavirus (EEPV). Gene 50:195–205
BakerC. C.1987; Sequence analysis of papillomavirus genomes. In The Papovaviridae vol 2 pp 321–385 Edited by
SalzmanN. P.,
HowleyP. M.
New York: Plenum Press;
BoshartM.,
GissmannL.,
IkenbergH.,
KleinheinzA.,
ScheurlenW.,
zur HausenH.1984; A new type of papillomavirus DNA, its presence in genital cancer biopsies and in cell lines derived from cervical cancer. EMBO Journal 3:1151–1157
ChenE. Y.,
HowleyP. M.,
LevinsonA. D.,
SeeburgP. H.1982; The primary structure and genetic organization of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 genome. Nature, London 29:529–534
ColeS. T.,
DanosO.1987; Nucleotide sequence and comparative analysis of the human papillomavirus type 18 genome. Phylogeny of papillomaviruses and repeated structure of the E6 and E7 gene products. Journal of Molecular Biology 193:599–608
ColeS. T.,
StreeckR.1986; Genome organization and nucleotide sequence of human papillomavirus type 33, which is associated with cervical cancer. Journal of Virology 58:991–995
DanosO.,
KatinkaM.,
YanivM.1982; >Human papillomavirus la complete DNA sequence: a novel type of genome organizatin among Papovaviridae. EMBO Journal 1:231–236
DanosO.,
EngelL. W.,
ChenE. Y.,
YanivM.,
HowleyP. M.1983; Comparative analysis of the human type la and bovine type 1 papillomavirus genomes. Journal of Virology 46:557–566
DartmannK.,
SchwarzE.,
GissmannL.,
Zur HausenH.1986; The nucleotide sequence and genome organization of human papilloma virus type 11. Virology 151:124–130
De VilliersE.-M.,
Hirsch-BehnamA.,
Von Knebel-DoeberitzC.,
NeumannCh.,
Zur HausenH.1989; Two newly identified human papillomavirus types (HPV 40 and 57) isolated from mucosal lesions. Virology 171:248–253
DürstM.,
GissmannL.,
IkenbergH.,
Zur HausenH.1983; A papillomavirus DNA from a cervical carcinoma and its prevalence in cancer biopsy samples from different geographic regions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U. S. A. 80:3812–3815
GiriI.,
DanosO.,
YanivM.1985; Genomic structure of the cottontail rabbit (Shope) papillomavirus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 82:1580–1584
GissmannL.,
DiehlV.,
Schultz-CoulonH.-J.,
Zur HausenH.1982; Molecular cloning and characterization of human papillomavirus DNA derived from a laryngeal papilloma. Journal of Virology 44:393–400
GoldsboroughM. D.,
Di SilvestreD.,
TempleG. F.,
LӧrinczA. T.1989; Nucleotide sequence of human papillomavirus type 31: a cervical neoplasia-associated virus. Virology 171:306–311
GouldS. J.,
SubramaniS.,
SchefflerI. E.1989; Use of the DNA polymerase chain reaction for homology probing: isolation of partial cDNA or genomic clones encoding the iron-sulfur protein of succinate dehydrogenase from several species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 86:1934–1938
GregoireL.,
ArellaM.,
Campione-PiccardoJ.,
LancasterW. D.1989; Amplification of human papillomavirus DNA sequences by using conserved primers. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 27:2660–2665
GrimmelM.,
De VilliersE.-M.,
NeumannCh.,
PawlitaM.,
Zur HausenH.1988; Characterization of a new human papillomavirus (HPV 41) from disseminated warts and detection of its DNA in some skin carcinomas. International Journal of Cancer 41:5–9
Hirsch-BehnamA.,
DeliusH.,
De VilliersE.-M.1990; A comparative sequence analysis of two human papillomavirus (HPV) types 2a and 57. Virus Research 18:81–98
KahnT.,
SchwarzE.,
Zur HausenH.1986; Molecular cloning and characterization of the DNA of a new human papillomavirus (HPV 30) from a laryngeal carcinoma. International Journal of Cancer 37:61–65
KiyonoT.,
AdachiA.,
IshibashiM.1990; Genome organization and taxonomic position of human papillomavirus type 47 inferred from its DNA sequence. Virology 177:401–405
LindebergH.,
FeyS. J.,
OttosenP. D.,
Mose LarsenP.1988; Human papillomavirus (HPV) and carcinomas of the head and neck. Clinical Otolaryngology 13:447–454
MackD. H.,
SninskyJ. J.1988; A sensitive method for the identification of uncharacterized viruses related to known virus groups: hepadnavirus model system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 85:6977–6891
ManosM. M.,
TingY.,
WrightD. K.,
LewisA. J.,
BrokerT. R.1989; Use of polymerase chain reaction amplification for the detection of genital human papillomaviruses. Cancer Cells 7:209–214
O’BanionM. K.,
ReichmannM. E.,
SundbergJ. P.1988; Cloning and characterization of a papillomavirus associated with papillomas and carcinomas in the European harvest mouse (Micromys minutus). Journal of Virology 62:226–233
ScheurlenW.,
GlssmanL.,
GrossG.,
Zur HausenH.1986; Molecular cloning of two new HPV types (HPV 37 and HPV 38) from a kerato-acanthoma and a malignant melanoma. International Journal of Cancer 37:505–510
SchwarzE.,
DurstM.,
DemankowskiC.,
LattermannO.,
ZechR.,
WolfspergerE.,
SuhaiS.,
Zur HausenH.1983; DNA sequence and genome organization of genital human papillomavirus type 6b. EMBO Journal 2:2341–2348
SnijdersP. J. F.,
Van Den BruleA. J. C.,
SchrijnemakersH. F. J.,
SnowG.,
MeijerC. J. L. M.,
WalboomersJ. M. M.1990; The use of general primers in the polymerase chain reaction permits the detection of a broad spectrum of human papillomavirus genotypes. Journal of General Virology 71:173–181
Van Den BruleA. J. C.,
ClaasH. C. J.,
Du MaineM.,
MelchersW. J. G.,
HelmerhorstT.,
QuintW. G. V.,
LindemanJ.,
MeijerC. J. L. M.,
WalboomersJ. M. M.1989; Use of anti–contamination primers in the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of human papilloma virus genotypes in cervical scrapes and biopsies. Journal of Medical Virology 29:20–27
WalboomersJ. M. M.,
MelchersW. J. G.,
MullinkH.,
MeijerC. J. L. M.,
StruykA.,
QuintW. G. J.,
Van Der NoordaaJ.,
Ter ScheggetJ.1988; Sensitivity of in situ detection with biotinylated probes of human papilloma virus type 16 DNA in frozen tissue sections of squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix. American Journal of Pathology 131:587–594
Degenerate primers based on highly conserved regions of amino acid sequence in papillomaviruses can be used in a generalized polymerase chain reaction to detect productive human papillomavirus infections