1887

Journal of General Virology header logo

Volume 71, Issue 8

The Protein Kinase Encoded in the Short Unique Region of Pseudorabies Virus: Description of the Gene and Identification of its Product in Virions and in Infected Cells Free

Abstract

We have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of a gene, , that lies immediately upstream from the gene encoding glycoprotein X in the short unique region of the alphaherpesvirus, pseudorabies virus (PRV). The gene has the potential to encode a protein of 334 amino acids, and is related to gene US3 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which has been shown to encode a protein kinase. The predicted amino acid sequence encoded by the PRV gene is homologous to the corresponding sequence encoded by the HSV-1 US3 gene in the C-terminal catalytic domain, but diverges markedly in the N-terminal domain. As with HSV-1, the mRNA for the gene appears to be 3′ coterminal with that for the glycoprotein downstream. An antiserum was raised against a protein generated from the fusion of part of the PRV catalytic domain with -galactosidase. This specifically reacted with a previously described physically homogeneous protein kinase, PRV-PK, isolated from hamster fibroblasts lytically infected with PRV. Although the majority of the PRV-PK is found in the cytoplasm, some was also detected in purified PRV virions by using the same antibody; a similar distribution was found for the HSV-1 protein kinase, using an antiserum raised against the corresponding HSV-1 fusion protein. When presented with heat- inactivated virions, purified PRV-PK (in common with certain cellular protein kinases also present in the virion) was able to phosphorylate the major virion phosphoprotein phosphorylated

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
© Society for General Microbiology 1990
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-71-8-1757
1990-08-01
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/71/8/JV0710081757.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-71-8-1757&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Aviv H., Leder P. 1972; Purification of biologically active globin mRNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A.: 691408–1412
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Beck T. W., Huleihel M., Bonner T. I., Rapp U. R. 1987; The complete coding sequence of the human A-raf-1 oncogene and transforming activity of a human A-raf carrying retrovirus. Nucleic Acids Research 15:595–609
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Ben-Porat T., Kaplan A. S. 1985; Molecular biology of pseudorabies virus. In The Herpesviruses 3 pp 105–173 Roizman B. Edited by New York: Plenum Press;
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Biggin M. D., Gibson T. J., Hong G. F. 1983; Buffer gradient gels and 35S label as an aid to rapid DNA sequence determination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A.: 803963–3965
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Bressan G. M., Stanley K. K. 1987; pUEX, a bacterial expression vector related to pEX with universal host specificity. Nucleic Acids Research 15:10056–10057
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Chee M. S., Lawrence G. L., Barrell B. G. 1989; Alpha-, beta- and gammaherpesviruses encode a putative phosphotransferase. Journal of General Virology 70:1151–1160
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Chomczynski P., Sacchi N. 1987; Single-step method of RNA isolation by guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Analytical Biochemistry 162:156–159
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Davison A. J., Scott J. E. 1986; The complete DNA sequence of varicella-zoster virus. Journal of General Virology 67:1759–1816
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Devereux J., Haeberli P., Smithies O. 1984; A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucleic Acids Research 12:387–395
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Fickett J. 1982; Recognition of protein coding regions in DNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Research 10:5303–5318
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Frame M. C., Purves F. C., McGeoch D. J., Marsden H. S., Leader D. P. 1987; Identification of the herpes simplex virus protein kinase as the product of viral gene US3. Journal of General Virology 68:2699–2704
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Goldberg D. A. 1980; Isolation and partial characterization of the Drosophilaalcohol dehydrogenase gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A.: 775794–5798
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Gribskov M., Devereux J., Burgess R. R. 1984; The codon preference plot: graphic analysis of protein coding sequences and prediction of gene expression. Nucleic Acids Research 12:539–549
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Hanks S. K., Quinn A. M., Hunter T. 1988; The protein kinase family: conserved features and deduced phytogeny of the catalytic domains. Science 241:42–52
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Howard S. T., Smith G. L. 1989; Two early vaccinia virus genes encode polypeptides related to protein kinases. Journal of General Virology 70:3187–3201
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Jones S. W., Erikson E., Blenis J., Maller J. L., Erikson R. L. 1988; A Xenopusribosomal protein S6 kinase has two apparent kinase domains that are each similar to distinct protein kinases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A.: 853377–3381
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Kaplan A. S., Vatter A. E. 1959; A comparison of herpes simplex and pseudorabies virus. Virology 7:394–407
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Katan M., Stevely W. S., Leader D. P. 1985; Partial purification and characterization of a new phosphoprotein kinase from cells infected with pseudorabies virus. European Journal of Biochemistry 152:57–65
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Kozak M. 1989; The scanning model for translation: an update. Journal of Cell Biology 108:229–241
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Leader D. P., Katan M. 1988; Viral aspects of protein phosphorylation. Journal of General Virology 69:1441–1464
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Leader D. P., Purves F. C. 1988; The herpesvirus protein kinase: a new departure in protein phosphorylation. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 13:244–246
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Levin D. E., Hammon C. I., Ralson R. O., Bishop J. M. 1987; Two yeast genes that encode unusual protein kinases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A.: 846035–6039
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Lomniczi B., Watanabe S., Ben-Porat T., Kaplan A. S. 1984; Genetic basis of the neurovirulence of pseudorabies virus. Journal of Virology 52:198–205
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Longnecker R. M., Roizman B. 1987; Clustering of genes dispensable for growth in culture in the S component of the HSV-1 genome. Science 236:573–576
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Lorincz A. T., Reed S. I. 1984; Primary structure homology between the product of yeast cell division control gene CDC28 and vertebrate oncogenes. Nature; London: 307183–185
     [Google Scholar]
  26. McGarvey M. J., Leader D. P. 1983; The ribosomal proteins phosphorylated in vitroby protein kinase activities from Krebs II ascites cells. Bioscience Reports 3:621–629
     [Google Scholar]
  27. McGeoch D. J., Davison A. J. 1986; Alphaherpesviruses possess a gene homologous to the protein kinase gene family of eukaryotes and retroviruses. Nucleic Acids Research 14:1765–1777
     [Google Scholar]
  28. McGeoch D. J., Dolan A., Donald S., Rixon F. J. 1985; Sequence determination and genetic content of the short unique region of the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. Journal of Molecular Biology 181:1–13
     [Google Scholar]
  29. McGeoch D. J., Moss H. W., McNab D., Frame M. C. 1987; DNA sequence and genetic content of the HindIII l region in the short unique component of the herpes simplex virus type 2 genome: identification of the gene encoding glycoprotein G, and evolutionary comparisons. Journal of General Virology 68:19–38
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Montell C., Rubin G. M. 1988; The drosophila ninaGlocus encodes two photoreceptor cell specific proteins with domains homologous to protein kinases and the myosin heavy chain head. Cell 52:757–772
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Osmani S. A., Pu R. T., Morris N. R. 1988; Mitotic induction and maintenance by overexpression of a G2-specific gene that encodes a potential protein kinase. Cell 53:237–244
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Pearson W. R., Lipman D. J. 1988; Improved tools for biological sequence comparison. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A.: 852444–2448
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Purves F. C., Katan M., Stevely W. S., Leader D. P. 1986a; Characteristics of the induction of a new protein kinase in cells infected with herpesviruses. Journal of General Virology 67:1049–1057
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Purves F. C., Donella Deana A., Marchiori F., Leader D. P., Pinna L. A. 1986b; The substrate specificity of the protein kinase induced in cells infected with herpesviruses: studies with synthetic substrates indicate structural requirements distinct from other protein kinases. Biochimica et biophysica acta 883:208–215
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Purves F. C., Longnecker R. M., Leader D. P., Roizman B. 1987a; Herpes simplex virus 1 protein kinase is encoded by open reading frame US3 which is not essential for virus growth in cell culture. Journal of Virology 61:2896–2906
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Purves F. C., Katan M., Leader D. P. 1987b; Complete purification of the pseudorabies virus protein kinase. European Journal of Biochemistry 167:507–512
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Rea J., Timmins J. G., Long G. W., Post L. E. 1985; Mapping and sequence of the gene for the pseudorabies glycoprotein which accumulates in the medium of infected cells. Journal of Virology 54:21–29
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Rigby P. W. J., Dieckmann M., Rhodes C., Berg P. 1977; Labelling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitroby nick translation with DNA polymerase I. Journal of Molecular Biology 113:237–251
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Rixon F. J., McGeoch D. J. 1985; Detailed analysis of the mRNAs mapping in the short unique region of herpes simplex virus type 1. Nucleic Acids Research 13:953–973
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Saiki R. K., Gelfand D. H., Stoffel S., Scharf S. J., Higuchi R., Horn G. T., Mullis K. B., Ehrlich H. A. 1988; Primer- directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 239:487–491
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. 1977; DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A.: 745463–5467
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Saxena A., Padmanabha R., Glover C. V. C. 1987; Isolation and sequencing of cDNA clones encoding alpha and beta subunits of Drosophila melanogastercasein kinase II. Molecular and Cellular Biology 7:3409–3417
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Smith R. F., Smith T. F. 1989; Identification of new protein kinase-related genes in three herpes viruses, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. Journal of Virology 63:450–455
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Stevely W. S. 1975; Virus-induced proteins in pseudorabies- infected cells. II. Proteins of the virion and nucleocapsid. Journal of Virology 16:944–950
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Stevely W. S., Katan M., Stirling V., Smith G., Leader D. P. 1985; Protein kinase activities associated with the virions of pseudorabies and herpes simplex viruses. Journal of General Virology 66:661–673
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Stevens R. 1989 Studies of the protein kinases of a-herpes viruses Ph. D. thesis University of Glasgow:
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Tobimatsu T., Kameshita I., Fusjisawa H. 1988; Molecular cloning of the cDNA encoding the third polypeptide (y) of brain calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Journal of Biological Chemistry 263:16082–16086
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Wilbur W. J., Lipman D. J. 1983; Rapid similarity searches of nucleic acid and protein data banks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A.: 80726–730
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Yanisch-Perron C., Vieira J., Messing J. 1985; Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains: nucleotide sequences of the M13mpl8 and pUCl9 vectors. Gene 33:103–119
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-71-8-1757
Loading
The Protein Kinase Encoded in the Short Unique Region of Pseudorabies Virus: Description of the Gene and Identification of its Product in Virions and in Infected Cells
J. Gen. Virol. 71, 1757 (1990); https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-71-8-1757
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-71-8-1757
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-71-8-1757
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error