Mechanism of Recovery from Acute Virus Infection. IX. Clearance of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM) Virus from the Feet of Mice Undergoing LCM Virus-specific Delayed-type Hypersensitivity Reaction Free

Abstract

SUMMARY

As shown previously, after inoculation into the footpad of a mouse the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LMC) virus multiplies locally. Beginning on day 6 or 7 after infection, the foot undergoes a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction which consists of two distinct phases that are mediated by CD8 cells and CD4 cells, respectively, and at about the same time the virus is eliminated. In general, for terminating infection of the mouse with LCM virus the CD8 cytotoxic/suppressive T lymphocyte (CTL) is essential; we have now determined the cells that mediate control of the virus in a tissue undergoing a specific DTH reaction. Depletion, in infected mice, of all T lymphocytes by treatment with anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody prevented virus elimination from the foot, and the same was true when the CD8 CTLs were removed. Depletion of the CD4 helper/suppressor subset only marginally impaired the ability of the mice to rid themselves of the virus. The conclusion that here too the principal antiviral element is the CD8 CTL was confirmed by experiments in which footpad-infected mice were adoptively immunized with virus-immune splenocytes from syngeneic mice selected for subclasses of T lymphocytes, or from mice differing in defined regions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and also by experiments in which monocytes were virtually absent. However, CD8 CTL alone or cells from MHC recombinant mice with identity in class I loci were never as antivirally active as unseparated splenocytes from syngeneic donor mice. Since the CD8 cells’ performance could be optimized by interleukin-2, we assume that the CD4 T lymphocytes function as accessory cells; the same probably applies to monocytes.

Keyword(s): DTH reaction , LCMV and T lymphocytes
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1989-12-01
2024-03-29
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