Nucleotide and Predicted Amino Acid Sequences of the Marek's Disease Virus and Turkey Herpesvirus Thymidine Kinase Genes; Comparison with Thymidine Kinase Genes of Other Herpesviruses
In this paper we present the nucleotide sequences of the thymidine kinase (TK) genes of two avian herpesviruses: a highly oncogenic strain of Marek’s disease virus (MDV strain RB1B) and its serologically related vaccine virus, the herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT strain Fc-126). The predicted coding regions of the two genes are 1029 and 1050 nucleotides respectively, corresponding to polypeptides of 343 and 350 amino acids in length. Putative nucleotide- and nucleoside-binding sites have been identified within the two predicted amino acid sequences. The MDV and HVT TK amino acid sequences exhibit 58.2% amino acid identity. Comparison with other available herpesvirus TK sequences reveals a greater homology to those of the alphaherpes-viruses than to those of the gammaherpesviruses. No overall homology was found when compared with the chicken cytoplasmic TK sequence.
BinnsM.,
RossL. J. N.1989; Nucleotide sequence of the Marek's disease virus (MDV) RB1B A antigen gene and the identification of the MDV A antigen as the herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein C homologue. Virus Research 12:371–381
BradshawH. D.,
DeiningerP. L.1984; Human thymidine kinase gene: molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA expressible in mammalian cells. Molecular and Cellular Biology 4:2316–2320
BuchanA.,
WatsonD. H.1969; The immunological specificity of thymidine kinases in cells infected by virusesof the herpes group. Journal of General Virology 4:461–463
BuckmasterA. E.,
ScottS. D.,
SandersonM. I.,
BoursnellM. E. G.,
RossL. J. N.,
BinnsM. M.1988; Gene sequence and mapping data from Marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys: implications for herpesvirus classification. Journal of General Virology 69:2033–2042
ChenM. S.,
PrusoffW. H.1978; Association of thymidylate kinase activity with pyrimidine deoxynucleoside kinase induced by herpes simplex virus. Journal of Biological Chemistry 253:1325–1327
Colbère-GarapinF.,
ChoustermanS.,
HorodniceanuF.,
KourilskyP.,
GarapinA.-C.1979; Cloning of the active thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 in
Escherichia coli K-12. Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesU.S.A.763755–3759
CoussensP. M.,
VelicerL. F.1988; Structure and complete nucleotide sequence of the Marek's disease herpesvirus gp57-65 gene. Journal of Virology 62:2373–2379
DarbyG.,
LarderB. A.,
InglisM. M.1986; Evidence that the 'active centre' of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase involves an interaction between three distinct regions of the polypeptide. Journal of General Virology 67:753–758
DavisonA. J.,
ScottJ. E.1983; Molecular cloning of the varicella-zoster virus genome and derivation of six restriction endonuclease maps. Journal of General Virology 64:1811–1814
DobersonM. J.,
JerkofskyM.,
GreerS.1976; Enzymatic basis for the selective inhibition of varicella-zoster virus by 5-halogenated analogs of deoxycytidine. Journal of Virology 20:478–486
EfstathiouS.,
KempS.,
DarbyG.,
MinsonA.C. 1989; The role of herpes simplex type 1 thymidine kinase in pathogenesis. Journal of General Virology 70:869–879
EfstratiadisA.,
PosakonyJ. W.,
ManiatisT.,
LawnR. M.,
O’connellC.,
SpritzA. E.,
SmithiesO.,
BaralleF. E.,
ShouldersC. C.,
ProudfootN. J.1980; The structure and evolution of the human β-globin gene family. Cell 21:653–668
EnquistL. W.,
VandewoudeG. F.,
WagnerM.,
SmileyJ. R.,
SummersW. C.1979; Construction and characterization of a recombinant plasmid encoding the gene for the thymidine kinase of herpes simplex type 1 virus. Gene 7:335–342
FarrellP. J.,
DeiningerP. L.,
BankierA. T.,
BarrellB. G.1983; Homologous upstream sequences near Epstein-Barr virus promoters. Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesU.S.A.801565–1569
GentryG. A.1985; Locating a nucleotide-binding site in the thymidine kinase of vaccinia virus and of herpes simplex virus by scoring triply aligned protein sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesU.S.A.826815–6819
HalpernM. E.,
SmileyJ. R.1984; Effects of deletions on expression of the herpessimplex virus thymidine kinase gene from the intact viral genome: the amino terminus of the enzyme is dispensible for catalytic activity. Journal of Virology 50:733–738
HonessR. W.,
RoizmanB.1974; Regulation of herpesvirus macromolecular synthesis. I. Cascade regulation of the synthesis of three groups of viral proteins. Journal of Virology 14:8–19
HonessR. W.,
GompelsU. A.,
BarrellB. G.,
CraxtonM.,
CameronK. R.,
StadenR.,
ChangY.-N.,
HaywardG. S.1989a; Deviations from expected frequencies of CpG dinucleotides in herpesvirus DNAs may be diagnostic of differences in the states of their latent genomes. Journal of General Virology 70:837–855
HonessR. W.,
CraxtonM. A.,
WilliamsL.,
GompelsU. A.1989b; A comparative analysis of the sequence of the thymidine kinase gene of the gammaherpesvirus, herpesvirus saimiri. Journal of General Virology 70:3003–3013
InglisM. M.,
DarbyG.1987; Analysis of the role of the cysteine 171 residue in the activity of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Journal of General Virology 68:39–46
JamiesonA. T.,
Subak-sharpeJ. H.1974; Biochemical studies on the herpes simplex virus-specified deoxypyrimidine kinase activity. Journal of General Virology 24:481–492
JamiesonA. T.,
GentryG. A.,
Subak-sharpeJ. H.1974; Induction of both thymidine and deoxycytidine kinase activity by herpes viruses. Journal of General Virology 24:465–480
KaehlerR.,
StraussM.,
KiesslingU.1984; A well transformable E. coli tdk- strain suitable for direct rescue of tk gene plasmids from mammalian cells. Biomedica et biochimica acta 43:25–29
KitS.,
DubbsD. R.,
PiekarskiL. J.,
HsuT. C.1963; Deletion of thymidine kinase activity from L cells resistant to bromodeoxyuridine. Experimental Cell Research 31:297–312
KitS.,
LeungW.-C,
JorgensenG. N.,
DubbsD. R.1974b; Distinctive properties of thymidine kinase isozymes induced by human and avian herpesviruses. International Journal of Cancer 14:598–610
KitS.,
KitM.,
LawhornB.,
McconnellS.1985; Immunization of pregnant pigs in a quarantined swine herd with thymidine kinase deletion mutant of pseudorabies virus. In High Technology Route to Virus VaccinesProceedings of the First Annual Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research Symposium82–99 Washington D.C.: American Society for Microbiology;
KlempererH. G.,
HaynesG. R.,
SheddenW. I. H.,
WatsonD. H.1967; A virus-specific thymidine kinase in BHK-21 cells infected with herpes simplex virus. Virology 31:120–128
KozakM.1981; Possible role of flanking nucleotides in recognition of the AUG initiator codon by eukaryotic ribosomes. Nucleic Acids Research 9:5233–5252
KwohT. J.,
EnglerJ. A.1984; The nucleotide sequence of the chicken thymidine kinase gene and the relationship of its predicted polypeptide to that of the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase. Nucleic Acids Research 12:3959–3971
LiuK.,
Y-S.C.,
ManningS.1986; Identification of the thymidine kinase of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and its function in Escherichia coli hosts. Gene 44:279–285
LoweR. S.,
KellerP. M.,
KeechB. J.,
DavisonA. J.,
WhangY.,
MorganA.J,
KieffE.,
EllisR. W.1987; Varicella-zoster virus as a live vector for the expression of foreign genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesU.S.A.843896–3900
McdougallJ. K.,
MasseT. H.,
GallowayD. A.1980; Location and cloning of the herpes simplex type 2 thymidine kinase gene. Journal of Virology 33:1221–1224
McknightS. L.,
KingsburyR.C.,
SpenceA.,
SmithM.1984; The distal transcription signals of the herpesvirus tk gene share a common hexanucleotide control sequence. Cell 37:253–262
MclauchlanJ.,
GaffneyD.,
WhittonJ. L.,
ClementsJ. B.1985; The consensus sequence YGTGTTYY located downstream from the AATAAA signal is required for efficient formation of mRNA 3′ termini. Nucleic Acids Research 13:1347–1368
MartinS. L.,
AparisioD. I.,
BandyopadhyayP. K.1989; Genetic and biochemical characterization of the thymidine kinase gene from herpesvirus of turkeys. Journal of Virology 63:2847–2852
MittalS. K.,
FieldH. J.1989; Analysis of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 thymidine kinase (TK) gene from wild-type and TK-deficient mutants. Journal of General Virology 70:901–918
OtsukaH.,
HazenM.,
KitM.,
QaviH.,
KitS.1981; Cloning of the marmoset herpesvirus thymidine kinase gene and analyses of the boundaries of the coding region. Virology 113:196–213
PrestonC. M.1979; Control of herpes simplex virus type 1 mRNA synthesis in cells injected with wild-type virus or the temperature-sensitive mutant tsK. Journal of Virology 29:275–284
RobertsonG. R.,
WhalleyJ. M.1988; Evolution of the herpes thymidine kinase: identification and comparison of the equine herpesvirus 1 thymidine kinase gene reveals similarity to a cell-encoded thymidylate kinase. Nucleic Acids Research 16:11303–11317
RossL. J. N.,
SandersonM.,
ScottS. D.,
BinnsM. M.,
DoelT.,
MilneB.1989; Nucleotide sequence and characterization of the Marek's disease virus homologue of glycoprotein B of herpes simplex virus. Journal of General Virology 70:1789–1804
SawyerM. H.,
InchauspeG.,
BironK. K.,
WatersD. J.,
StrausS. E.,
OstroveJ. M.1988; Molecular analysis of the pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside kinase gene of wild-type and acyclovir-resistant strains of varicella-zoster virus. Journal of General Virology 69:2585–2593
SchatK. A.,
SchinaziR. F.,
CalnekB. W.1984; Cell-specific antiviral activity of l-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-β-D- arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (FIAC) against Marek's disease herpesvirus and turkey herpesvirus. Antiviral Research 4:259–270
ShihM.-F.,
ArsenakisM.,
TiollaisP.,
RoizmanB.1984; Expression of hepatitis B virus S gene by herpes simplex virus type 1 vectors carrying α- and β-regulated gene chimeras. Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesU.S.A815867–5870
StadenR.1982; Automation of the computer handling of gel reading data produced by the shotgun method of DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Research 10:4731–4751
SummersW.C.,
WagnerM.,
SummersW. P.1975; Possible peptide chain termination mutants in thymidine kinase gene of a mammalian virus, herpes simplex virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesU.S.A.724081–4085
WagnerM. J.,
SharpJ. A.,
SummersW. C.1981; Nucleotide sequence of the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesU.S.A.781441–1445
WilkieN. M.,
ClementsJ. B.,
BollW.,
ManteiN.,
LonsdaleD.,
WeissmannC.1979; Hybrid plasmids containing an active thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus 1. Nucleic Acids Research 7:859–877
Nucleotide and Predicted Amino Acid Sequences of the Marek's Disease Virus and Turkey Herpesvirus Thymidine Kinase Genes; Comparison with Thymidine Kinase Genes of Other Herpesviruses