Synthetic transcripts of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) RNA-3 and RNA-4 were prepared from cloned cDNA in a bacteriophage T7 in vitro run-off transcription system. The RNA-3 transcripts tested had 5′ non-viral extensions of 1, 23 or 64 nucleotides and identical 3′ non-viral extensions of 12 nucleotides. An RNA-4 transcript with a 12 nucleotide 5′ non-viral extension and a 28 nucleotide 3′ non-viral extension was also synthesized. All of the transcripts were biologically active when coinoculated to Chenopodium quinoa with BNYVV isolates deficient in RNA-3 and/or RNA-4 but the presence of a long 5′ non-viral sequence on the RNA-3 transcripts was found to diminish their specific activities considerably.
AHLQUISTP., FRENCHR., JANDAM., LOESCH-FRIESL. S.1984; Multi-component RNA plant virus infection derived from cloned viral cDNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 81:7066–7070
AHLQUISTP., FRENCHR., BUJARSKIJ. J.1987; Molecular studies of brome mosaic virus using infectious transcripts from cloned cDNA. Advances in Virus Research 32:215–242
BOUZOUBAAS., GUILLEYH., JONARDG., RICHARDSK., PUTZC.1985; Nucleotide sequence analysis of RNA-3 and RNA-4 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus, isolates F2 and G1. Journal of General Virology 66:1553–1564
BURGERMEISTERW., KOENIGR., WEICHH., SEBALDW., LESEMANND. E.1986; Diversity of the RNAs in thirteen isolates of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in Chenopodium quinoa detected by means of cloned cDNAs. Journal of Phytopathology 115:229–242
CONTRERASR., CHEROUTREH., DEGRAVEW., FIERSW.1982; Simple, efficient in vitro synthesis of capped RNA useful for direct expression of cloned eucaryotic genes. Nucleic Acids Research 10:6353–6362
DASMAHAPATRAB., DASGUFTAR., SAUNDERSK., SELLINGB., GALLAGHERT., KAESBERGP.1986; Infectious RNA derived by transcription from cloned cDNA copies of the genomic RNA of an insect virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 83:63–66
DAWSONW. O., BECKD. L., KNORRD. A., GRANTHAMG. L.1986; cDNA cloning of the complete genome of tobacco mosaic virus and production of infectious transcripts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 83:1832–1836
DUNNJ. J., STUDIERF. W.1983; Complete nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage T7 DNA and the locations of T7 genetic elements. Journal of Molecular Biology 166:477–535
GUFSTAFSONG. D., MILNERJ. J., MCFARLANDJ. E., PEDERSENK., LARKINSB. A., JACKSONA. O.1982; Investigation of the complexity of barley stripe mosaic virus RNAs with recombinant DNA clones. Virology 120:182–193
KOENIGR., BURGERMEISTERW., WEICHH., SEBALDW., KOTHEC.1986; Uniform RNA patterns of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugarbeet roots, but not in leaves from several plant species. Journal of General Virology 67:2043–2046
KUSZALAM., ZIEGLERV., BOUZOUBAAS., RICHARDSK., PUTZC, GUILLEYH., IONARDG.1986; Beet necrotic yellow vein virus: different isolates are serologically similar but differ in RNA composition. Annals of Applied Biology 109:155–162
LANGEREISK., NEELEMANL., BOLJ. F.1986; Biologically active transcripts of cloned DNA of the coat protein messenger of two plant viruses. Plant Molecular Biology 6:281–288
MESHIT., ISHIKAWAM., MOTOYOSHIF., SEMBAK., OKADAY.1986; In vitro transcription of infectious RNAs from full-length cDNAs of tobacco mosaic virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 83:5043–5047
PINCKL., FAUQUETC.1975; Analysis of the pancreatic ribonuclease digestion products of alfalfa mosaic virus ribonucleic acid .sequence homologies between the different RNAs. European Journal of Biochemistry 57:441–451
RICEC M., LEVISR., STRAUSSJ. H., HUANGH. V.1987; Production of infectious RNA transcripts from Sindbis virus cDNA clones:mapping of lethal mutations, rescue of a temperature-sensitive marker, and in vitro mutagenesis to generate defined mutants. Journal of Virology 61:3809–3819
VAN DER WERFS., BRADLEYJ., WIMMERE., STUDIERF. W., DUNNL. J.1986; Synthesis of infectious poliovirus RNA by purified T7 RNA polymerase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 83:2330–2334
ZIEGLERV., RICHARDSK., GUILLEYH., JONARDG., PUTZC.1985; Cell-free translation of beet necrotic yellow vein virus: readthrough of the coat protein cistron. Journal of General Virology 66:2079–2087
ZOLLERM. J., SMITHM.1982; Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis using M13-derived vectors: an efficient and general procedure for the production of point mutations in any fragment of DNA. Nucleic Acids Research 10:6487–6500