1887

Journal of General Virology header logo

Volume 69, Issue 8

Biochemistry and Immunology of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Free

Abstract

Introduction. The aetiological agent of infectious bursal disease (IBD), IBD virus (IBDV), belongs to a new group of viruses referred to as ‘birnaviruses’ (Dobos , 1979), which has been characterized only recently (Brown, 1986). There are excellent reviews dealing with the clinical, pathological, serological and epidemiological aspects of IBDV infection (Faragher, 1972; Becht, 1980; Okoye, 1984; Cummings , 1986). The molecular biology of birnaviruses has also been reviewed (Dobos & Roberts, 1983) but with an emphasis on infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), the birnavirus genus prototype. The purpose of the present review is to compile information on structural and immunological aspects of IBDV. These are subjects of much recent interest, and have great relevance to the control of IBD in chickens.

IBD is a highly contagious viral disease of young chickens which is characterized by destruction of the lymphoid cells in the bursa of Fabricius; other lymphoid organs are also affected but to a lesser degree (Cheville, 1967).

  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): birnaviruses , IBDV , immunology and molecular structure
© Society for General Microbiology 1988
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-69-8-1757
1988-08-01
2024-04-18
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/69/8/JV0690081757.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-69-8-1757&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. ALAYSE A. M., COHEN J., SCHERRER R. 1975; Etude de la synthèse des ARN viraux dans les cellules FHM et RTG-2 infectées par le virus de la nécrose pancréatique infectieuse (NP1). Annals of Microbiology 126B:471–483
     [Google Scholar]
  2. ALLAN G. M., MCNULTY M. S., CONNOR T. J., MCCRACKEN R. M., MCFERRAN J. B. 1984; Rapid diagnosis of infectious bursal disease infection by immunofluorescence on clinical material. Avian Pathology 13:419–427
     [Google Scholar]
  3. ALLAN W. H., FARAGHER J. T., CULLEN G. A. 1972; Immunosuppression by the infectious bursal agent in chickens immunized against Newcastle disease. Veterinary Record 90:511–512
     [Google Scholar]
  4. AZAD A. A., BARRETT S. A., FAHEY K. J. 1985; The characterization and molecular cloning of the double-stranded RNA genome of an Australian strain of infectious bursal disease virus. Virology 143:35–44
     [Google Scholar]
  5. AZAD A. A., FAHEY K. J., BARRETT S. A., ERNY K. M., HUDSON P. J. 1986; Expression in Escherichia coli of cDNA fragments encoding the gene for the host-protective antigen of infectious bursal disease virus. Virology 149:190–198
     [Google Scholar]
  6. AZAD A. A., JAGADISH M. N., BROWN M. A., HUDSON P. J. 1987; Deletion mapping and expression in Escherichia coli of the large genomic segment of a birnavirus. Virology 161:145–152
     [Google Scholar]
  7. BARNES H. J., WHEELER J., REED D. 1982; Serological evidence of infectious bursal disease virus infection in Iowa turkeys. Avian Diseases 26:560–565
     [Google Scholar]
  8. BAXENDALE W. 1976; The development of an apathogenic infectious bursal vaccine: field trial results. Proceedings of the 25th Western Poultry Disease Conference42–45
     [Google Scholar]
  9. BECHT H. 1980; Infectious bursal disease virus. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 90:107–121
     [Google Scholar]
  10. BECHT H., MÜLLER H., MÜLLER H. K. 1988; Comparative studies on structural and antigenic properties of two serotypes of infectious bursal disease virus. Journal of General Virology 69:631–640
     [Google Scholar]
  11. BENTON W. J., COVER M. S., ROSENBERGER J. K. 1967a; Studies on the transmission of the infectious bursal agent (IBA) of chickens. Avian Diseases 11:430–438
     [Google Scholar]
  12. BENTON W. J., COVER M. S., ROSENBERGER J. K., LAKE R. S. 1967b; Physicochemical properties of the infectious bursal agent (IBA). Avian Diseases 11:438–445
     [Google Scholar]
  13. BERNARD D. J. P., PETITIEAN A. M. 1978; In vitro synthesis of double stranded RNA by drosophila X virus purified virions. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 83:763–770
     [Google Scholar]
  14. BERNARD J. 1980; Drosophila X virus RNA polymerase: tentative model for in vitro replication of the double-stranded virion RNA. Journal of Virology 33:717–723
     [Google Scholar]
  15. BINNS M. 1987; Genetically engineering new poultry vaccines. Proceedings of the 36th Western Poultry Disease Conference11–12
     [Google Scholar]
  16. BOYLE D. B., COUPAR B. E. H. 1986; Identification and cloning of the fowlpox virus thymidine kinase gene using vaccinia virus. Journal of General Virology 67:1591–1600
     [Google Scholar]
  17. BROWN F. 1986; The classification and nomenclature of viruses: summary of results of meetings of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in Sendai, September 1984. Intervirology 25:141–143
     [Google Scholar]
  18. BURKHARDT E., MÜLLER H. 1987; Susceptibility of chicken blood lymphoblasts and monocytes to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Archives of Virology 94:297–307
     [Google Scholar]
  19. CASWELL-RENO P., RENO P. W., NICHOLSON B. L. 1986; Monoclonal antibodies to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: analysis of viral epitopes and comparison of different isolates. Journal of General Virology 67:2193–2205
     [Google Scholar]
  20. CELMA M. L., EHRENFELD E. 1975; Translation of poliovirus RNA in vitro: detection of two different initiation sites. Journal of Molecular Biology 98:761–780
     [Google Scholar]
  21. CHANOCK R. M. 1982; New opportunities for development of safe effective live virus vaccines. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 55:361–367
     [Google Scholar]
  22. CHETTLE N. J., EDDY R. K., WYETH P. J. 1985; Comparison of virus neutralizing and precipitating antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus and their effect on susceptibility to challenge. British Veterinary Journal 141:146–150
     [Google Scholar]
  23. CHEVILLE N. F. 1967; Studies on the pathogenesis of Gumboro disease in the bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus of the chicken. American Journal of Pathology 51:527–551
     [Google Scholar]
  24. CHO Y., EDGAR S. A. 1969; Characterization of infectious bursal agent. Poultry Science 48:2102–2109
     [Google Scholar]
  25. COHEN J. 1975; Ribonucleic acid polymerase activity in purified infectious pancreatic necrosis virus of trout. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 62:242–258
     [Google Scholar]
  26. COSGROVE A. S. 1962; An apparently new disease of chickens - avian nephrosis. Avian Diseases 6:385–389
     [Google Scholar]
  27. CULLEN G. A., WYETH P. J. 1975; Quantitation of antibodies to infectious bursal disease. Veterinary Record 97:315
     [Google Scholar]
  28. CUMMINGS T. S., BROUSSARD C. T., PAGE R. K., THAYER S. G., LUKERT P. D. 1986; Infectious bursal disease virus in turkeys. Veterinary Bulletin 56:757–762
     [Google Scholar]
  29. DOBOS P. 1976; Size and structure of the genome of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Nucleic Acids Research 3:1903–1924
     [Google Scholar]
  30. DOBOS P. 1977; Virus-specific protein synthesis in cells infected by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Journal of Virology 21:242–258
     [Google Scholar]
  31. DOBOS P. 1979; Peptide map comparison of the proteins of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Journal of Virology 32:1046–1050
     [Google Scholar]
  32. DOBOS P., MERTENS P. P. C. 1982 Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)-specific protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro. Double-stranded RNA Viruses237–243 Edited by Compans R. W., Bishop D. H. L. New York & Amsterdam: Elsevier;
     [Google Scholar]
  33. DOBOS P., ROBERTS T. E. 1983; The molecular biology of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: a review. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 29:377–384
     [Google Scholar]
  34. DOBOS P., ROWE D. 1977; Peptide map comparison of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus-specific proteins. Journal of Virology 24:805–820
     [Google Scholar]
  35. DOBOS P., HILL B. J., HALLET R., KELLS D. T. C, BECHT H., TENINGES D. 1979; Biophysical and biochemical characterization of five animal viruses with bisegmented double-stranded RNA genomes. Journal of Virology 32:593–605
     [Google Scholar]
  36. DUNCAN R., DOBOS P. 1986; The nucleotide sequence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) ds RNA segment A reveals one large ORF encoding a precursor polyprotein. Nucleic Acids Research 14:5934
     [Google Scholar]
  37. DUNCAN R., NAGY E., KRELL P. J., DOBOS P. 1987; Synthesis of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus polyprotein, detection of a virus-encoded protease, and fine structure mapping of genome segment A coding regions. Journal of Virology 61:3655–3664
     [Google Scholar]
  38. FAHEY K. J., O’DONNELL I. J., AZAD A. A. 1985a; Characterization by Western blotting of the immunogens of infectious bursal disease virus. Journal of General Virology 66:1479–1488
     [Google Scholar]
  39. FAHEY K. J., O’DONNELL I. J., BAGUST T. J. 1985b; Antibody to the 32K structural protein of infectious bursal disease virus neutralizes viral infectivity in vitro and confers protection on young chickens. Journal of General Virology 66:2693–2702
     [Google Scholar]
  40. FARAGHER J. T. 1972; Infectious bursal disease of chickens. Veterinary Bulletin 42:361–369
     [Google Scholar]
  41. FARAGHER J. T., ALLAN W. H., WYETH P. J. 1974; Immunosuppressive effect of infectious bursal agent on vaccination against Newcastle disease. Veterinary Record 95:385–388
     [Google Scholar]
  42. GIAMBRONE J. J., CLAY R. P. 1986; Evaluation of the immunogenicity, stability, pathogenicity and immunodepressive potential of four commercial live infectious bursal disease vaccines. Poultry Science 65:1287–1290
     [Google Scholar]
  43. HEDRICK R. P., OKAMOTO N. 1982 Biochemical and antigenic characteristics of eel virus european compared to selected strains of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Double-stranded RNA Viruses245–251 Edited by Compans R. W., Bishop D. H. L. New York & Amsterdam: Elsevier;
     [Google Scholar]
  44. HEDRICK R. P., FRYER J. L., CHEN S. N., KOU G. H. 1983; Characteristics of four birnaviruses isolated from fish in Taiwan. Fish Pathology 18:91–97
     [Google Scholar]
  45. HILL B. J., WAY K. 1983; Serological classification of fish and shellfish birnaviruses. Abstracts of First International Conference of the European Association of Fish Pathologists10
     [Google Scholar]
  46. HLRAL K., CALNEK B. W. 1979; In vitro replication of infectious bursal disease virus in established lymphoid cell lines and chicken B lymphocytes. Infection and Immunity 25:964–970
     [Google Scholar]
  47. HLRAL K., SHIMAKURA S., HIROSE M. 1972; Immunodiffusion reaction to avian infectious bursal disease virus. Avian Diseases 16:961–964
     [Google Scholar]
  48. HLRAL K., KAWAMOTO E., SHIMAKURA S. 1974; Some properties of precipitating antigens associated with infectious bursal disease virus. Infection and Immunity 10:1235–1240
     [Google Scholar]
  49. HIRAI K., KATO N., FUJIURA A., SHIMAKURA S. 1979; Further morphological characterization and structural proteins of infectious bursal disease virus. Journal of Virology 32:323–328
     [Google Scholar]
  50. HITCHNER S. B. 1971; Persistence of parental infectious bursal disease antibody and its effects on susceptibility of young chickens. Avian Diseases 15:894–900
     [Google Scholar]
  51. HUANG M. T. F., MANNING D. S., WARNER M., STEPHENS M. B., LEONG J. C. 1986; A physical map of the viral genome for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus sp: analysis of cell-free translation products derived from viral cDNA clones. Journal of Virology 60:1002–1011
     [Google Scholar]
  52. HUDSON P. J., MCKERN N. M., POWER B. E., AZAD A. A. 1986; Genomic structure of the large RNA segment of infectious bursal disease virus. Nucleic Acids Research 14:5001–5012
     [Google Scholar]
  53. JACKWOOD D. H., SAIF Y. M. 1987; Antigenic diversity of infectious bursal disease viruses. Avian Diseases 31:766–770
     [Google Scholar]
  54. JACKWOOD D. H., SAIF Y. M., HUGHES J. H. 1987; Replication of infectious bursal disease virus in continuous cell lines. Avian Diseases 31:370–375
     [Google Scholar]
  55. JACKWOOD D.J., SAIF Y. M. 1983; Prevalence of antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus serotypes I and II in 75 Ohio chicken flocks. Avian Diseases 27:850–854
     [Google Scholar]
  56. JACKWOOD D. J., SAIF Y. M., HUGHES J. H. 1982; Characteristics and serologic studies of two serotypes of infectious bursal disease virus in turkeys. Avian Diseases 26:871–882
     [Google Scholar]
  57. JACKWOOD D. J., SAIF Y. M., HUGHES J. H. 1984; Nucleic acid and structural proteins of infectious bursal disease virus isolates belonging to serotypes I and II. Avian Diseases 28:990–1006
     [Google Scholar]
  58. JACKWOOD D. J., SAIF Y. M., MOORHEAD P. D. 1985; Immunogenicity and antigenicity of infectious bursal disease virus serotypes I and II in chickens. Avian Diseases 29:1184–1194
     [Google Scholar]
  59. JAGADISH M. N., STATON V. J., HUDSON P. J., AZAD A. A. 1988; Bimavirus precursor polyprotein is processed in Escherichia coli by its own virus-encoded polypeptide. Journal of Virology 62:1084–1087
     [Google Scholar]
  60. JEGGO M., GUMM I., TAYLOR W. 1983; Clinical and serological response of sheep to serial challenge with different bluetongue virus types. Research in Veterinary Science 34:205–211
     [Google Scholar]
  61. JOHNSON P. H., GROSSMAN L. I. 1977; Electrophoresis of DNA in agarose gels. Optimizing separations of conformational isomers of double- and single-stranded DNAs. Biochemistry 16:4217–4225
     [Google Scholar]
  62. JOKLIK W. K. 1974 Reproduction of the reoviridae. Comprehensive Virology 2231–334 Edited by Fraenkel-Conrat H., Wagner R. R. New York: Plenum Press;
     [Google Scholar]
  63. JONES L., RISTOW S., YILMA T., MOSS B. 1986; Accidental human vaccination with vaccinia virus expressing nucleoprotein gene. Nature, London 319:543
     [Google Scholar]
  64. KÄUFER I., WEISS E. 1980; Significance of bursa of Fabricius as target organ in infectious bursal disease of chickens. Infection and Immunity 27:364–367
     [Google Scholar]
  65. KIBENGE F. S. B., DHILLON A. S. 1987; Serological studies with infectious bursal disease serotype I and variant viruses. Proceedings of the 36th Western Poultry Disease Conference113–115
     [Google Scholar]
  66. KIBENGE F. S. B., DHILLON A. S., RUSSELL R. G. 1988a; Growth of serotype I and II and variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus in Vero cells. Avian Diseases 32: in press
    [Google Scholar]
  67. KIBENGE F. S. B., DHILLON A. S., RUSSELL R. G. 1988b; Identification of serotype II infectious bursal disease virus proteins. Avian Pathology 17: in press
    [Google Scholar]
  68. KIENY M. P., LATHE R., DRILLIEN R., SPEHNER D., SKORY S., SCHMITT D., WIKTOR T., KOPROWSKI H., LECOCQ J.-P. 1984; Expression of rabies virus glycoprotein from a recombinant vaccinia virus. Nature, London 312:163–166
     [Google Scholar]
  69. KIT S., KIT M., PIRTLE E. C. 1985; Attenuated properties of thymidine kinase-negative deletion mutant of Pseudorabies virus. American Journal of Veterinary Research 46:1359–1367
     [Google Scholar]
  70. KOZAK M. 1981; Possible role of flanking nucleotides in recognition of the AUG initiator codon by eukaryotic ribosomes. Nucleic Acids Research 9:5233–5252
     [Google Scholar]
  71. KOZAK M. 1986; Point mutations define a sequence flanking the AUG initiator codon that modulates translation by eucaryotic ribosomes. Cell 44:283–292
     [Google Scholar]
  72. LANGE H., MÜLLER H., KÄUFER I., BECHT H. 1987; Pathogenic and structural properties of wild type infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and virus grown in vitro. Archives of Virology 92:187–196
     [Google Scholar]
  73. LEE L. H. 1983 Methods of isolation and antigenic comparison of field strains of infectious bursal disease virus M.Sc. thesis, University of Georgia
    [Google Scholar]
  74. LEONARD J. 1974 Immunogenicity of cell culture-adapted infectious bursal disease virus M.Sc. thesis, University of Georgia
    [Google Scholar]
  75. LEWANDOWSKI L. J., KALMAKOFF J., TANADA Y. 1969; Characterization of a ribonucleic acid polymerase activity associated with purified cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of the silk worm Bombyx mori. Journal of Virology 4:857–865
     [Google Scholar]
  76. LEY D. H., YAMAMOTO R., BICKFORD A. A. 1979; Immune-complex involvement in the pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease virus in chickens. Avian Diseases 23:219–224
     [Google Scholar]
  77. LUCIO B., HITCHNER S. B. 1979; Infectious bursal disease emulsified vaccine: effect upon neutralizing-antibody levels in the dam and subsequent protection of the progeny. Avian Diseases 23:466–478
     [Google Scholar]
  78. LUCIO B., HITCHNER S. B. 1980; Immunosuppression and active response induced by infectious bursal disease virus in chickens with passive antibodies. Avian Diseases 24:189–196
     [Google Scholar]
  79. LUKERT P. D. 1986; Serotyping recent isolates of infectious bursal disease virus. Proceedings of the 123rd Annual Meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association abstract no. 182
    [Google Scholar]
  80. LUKERT P. D., DAVIS R. B. 1974; Infectious bursal disease virus: growth and characterization in cell cultures. Avian Diseases 18:243–250
     [Google Scholar]
  81. LUKERT P. D., HITCHNER S. B. 1984 Infectious bursal disease. Diseases of Poultry, 8th edn.566–576 Edited by Hofstad M. S., Barnes H. J., Calnek B. W., Reid W. M., Yoder H. W. Ames: Iowa State University Press;
     [Google Scholar]
  82. LUKERT P. D., LEONARD J., DAVIS R. D. 1975; Infectious bursal disease virus: antigen production and immunity. American Journal of Veterinary Research 36:539–540
     [Google Scholar]
  83. MACDONALD R. D., DOBOS P. 1981; Identification of the proteins encoded by each genome segment of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Virology 114:414–422
     [Google Scholar]
  84. MACDONALD R. D., GOWER D. A. 1981; Genomic and phenotypic divergence among three serotypes of aquatic birnavirus (infectious pancreatic necrosis virus). Virology 115:187–195
     [Google Scholar]
  85. MACDONALD R. D., ROY K. Y., YAMAMOTO T., CHANG N. 1977; Oligonucleotide fingerprints of the RNA’s from infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Archives of Virology 54:373–377
     [Google Scholar]
  86. MCFERRAN J. B., MCNULTY M. S., MCKILLOP E. R., CONNOR T. J., MCCRACKEN R. M., COLLINS D. S., ALLAN G. M. 1980; Isolation and serological studies with infectious bursal disease viruses from fowl, turkeys and ducks: demonstration of a second serotype. Avian Pathology 9:395–404
     [Google Scholar]
  87. MACKETT M., SMITH G. L. 1986; Vaccinia virus expression vectors. Journal of General Virology 67:2067–2082
     [Google Scholar]
  88. MACKETT M., YILMA T., ROSE J. K., MOSS B. 1985; Vaccinia virus recombinants: expression of VSV genes and protective immunization of mice and cattle. Science 227:433–435
     [Google Scholar]
  89. MCNULTY M. S., ALLAN G. M., MCFERRAN J. B. 1979; Isolation of infectious bursal disease virus from turkeys. Avian Pathology 8:205–212
     [Google Scholar]
  90. MALSBERGER R. G., CERINI C. P. 1965; Multiplication of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 126:320–327
     [Google Scholar]
  91. MARQUARDT W. M., JOHNSON R. B., ODENWALD W. F., SCHLOTTHOBER B. A. 1980; An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring antibodies in chickens infected with infectious bursal disease virus. Avian Diseases 24:375–385
     [Google Scholar]
  92. MARTIN S. A., ZWEERINK H. J. 1972; Isolation and characterization of two types of bluetongue virus particles. Virology 50:495–506
     [Google Scholar]
  93. MERTENS P. P. C., DOBOS P. 1982; Messenger RNA of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus is polycistronic. Nature, London 297:243–246
     [Google Scholar]
  94. MERTENS P. P. C, JAMIESON P. B., DOBOS P. 1982; In vitro RNA synthesis by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus-associated RNA polymerase. Journal of General Virology 59:47–56
     [Google Scholar]
  95. MÜLLER H. 1986; Replication of infectious bursal disease virus in lymphoid cells. Archives of Virology 87:191–203
     [Google Scholar]
  96. MÜLLER H., BECHT H. 1982; Biosynthesis of virus-specific proteins in cells infected with infectious bursal disease virus and their significance as structural elements for infectious virus and incomplete particles. Journal of Virology 44:384–392
     [Google Scholar]
  97. MÜLLER H., NITSCHKE R. 1987a; Molecular weight determination of the two segments of double-stranded RNA of infectious bursal disease virus, a member of the birnavirus group. Medical Microbiology and Immunology 176:113–121
     [Google Scholar]
  98. MÜLLER H., NITSCHKE R. 1987b; The two segments of the infectious bursal disease virus genome are circularized by a 90,000-Da protein. Virology 159:174–177
     [Google Scholar]
  99. MÜLLER H., SCHOLTISSEK C., BECHT H. 1979; The genome of infectious bursal disease virus consists of two segments of double-stranded RNA. Journal of Virology 31:584–589
     [Google Scholar]
  100. MÜLLER H., LANGE H., BECHT H. 1986; Formation, characterization and interfering capacity of a small plaque mutant and of incomplete virus particles of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Virus Research 4:297–309
     [Google Scholar]
  101. NAGY E., DOBOS P. 1984a; Coding assignments of drosophila X virus genome segments: in vitro translation of native and denatured virion ds RNA. Virology 137:58–66
     [Google Scholar]
  102. NAGY E., DOBOS P. 1984b; Synthesis of drosophila X virus proteins in cultured Drosophila cells. Virology 134:358–367
     [Google Scholar]
  103. NAGY E., DUNCAN R., KRELL P., DOBOS P. 1987; Mapping of the large RNA genome segment of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus by hybrid arrested translation. Virology 158:211–217
     [Google Scholar]
  104. NAQI S. A., MILLAR D. L., GRUMBLES L. C. 1980; An evaluation of three commercially available infectious bursal vaccines. Avian Diseases 24:233–240
     [Google Scholar]
  105. NICK H., CURSIEFEN D., BECHT H. 1976; Structural and growth characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus. Journal of Virology 18:227–234
     [Google Scholar]
  106. OKOYE J. O. A. 1984; Infectious bursal disease of chickens. Veterinary Bulletin 54:425–436
     [Google Scholar]
  107. PANICALI D., DAVIS S. W., WEINBERG R. L., PAOLETTI E. 1983; Construction of live vaccines using genetically engineered poxviruses: biological activity of recombinant vaccinia virus expressing influenza virus hemagglutinin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 80:5364–5368
     [Google Scholar]
  108. PAOLETTI E., LIPINSKAS B. R., SAMSANOFF C, MERCER S., PANICALI D. 1984; Construction of live vaccines using genetically engineered poxviruses: biological activity of vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the hepatitis B virus surface antigen and the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 81:193–197
     [Google Scholar]
  109. PAOLETTI E., PERKUS M. E., PICCINI A. 1985; Live recombinant vaccines using genetically engineered vaccinia virus. Antiviral Research supplement 1:301–307
     [Google Scholar]
  110. PARKHURST R. T. 1964; On-the-farm studies of Gumboro disease in broilers. Avian Diseases 8:584–596
     [Google Scholar]
  111. PATERSON B. M., ROBERTS B. E., KUFF E. L. 1977; Structural gene identification and mapping by DNA.mRNA hybrid-arrested cell-free translation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 74:4370–4374
     [Google Scholar]
  112. PATTISON M., ALEXANDER D. J., HARKNESS J. W. 1975; Purification and preliminary characterization of a pathogenic strain of infectious bursal disease virus. Avian Pathology 4:175–187
     [Google Scholar]
  113. PATTON J. T., STACY-PHIPPS S. 1986; Electrophoretic separation of the plus and minus strands of rotavirus SA11 double-stranded RNAs. Journal of Virological Methods 13:185–190
     [Google Scholar]
  114. PERKUS M. E., PICCINI A., LIPINSKAS B. R., PAOLETTI E. 1985; Recombinant vaccinia virus: immunization against multiple pathogens. Science 229:981–984
     [Google Scholar]
  115. PERSSON R. H., MACDONALD R. D. 1982; Evidence that infectious pancreatic necrosis virus has a genome-linked protein. Journal of Virology 44:437–443
     [Google Scholar]
  116. PETEK M., D’APRILE P. N., CANCELLOTI F. 1973; Biological and physicochemical properties of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Avian Pathology 2:135–152
     [Google Scholar]
  117. PHILLIPS B. A., EMMERT A. 1986; Modulation of the expression of poliovirus proteins in reticulocyte lysates. Virology 148:255–267
     [Google Scholar]
  118. REVET B., DELAIN E. 1982; The drosophila X virus contains a 1-μm double-stranded RNA circularized by a 67-Kd terminal protein: high-resolution denaturation mapping of its genome. Virology 123:29–44
     [Google Scholar]
  119. RICE C. M., LENCHES E. M., EDDY S. R., SHIN S. J., SHEETS R. L., STRAUSS J. H. 1985; Nucleotide sequence of yellow fever virus: implications for flavivirus gene expression and evolution. Science 229:726–733
     [Google Scholar]
  120. RINALDI A., LODETTI E., CESSI D., LODRINI E., CERVIO G., NARDELLI L. 1972; Coltura del virus de Gumboro (IBA) su fibroblast di embrioni di pollo. Nuova veterinaria 48:195–201
     [Google Scholar]
  121. ROSENBERGER J. K., CLOUD S. S. 1986; Isolation and characterization of variant infectious bursal disease viruses. Proceedings of the 123rd Annual Meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association abstract no. 181
    [Google Scholar]
  122. ROSENBERGER J. K., CLOUD S. S. 1987; Immunogenicity of viable and inactivated preparations of infectious bursal disease virus. Proceedings of the 124th Annual Meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association abstract no. 212
    [Google Scholar]
  123. ROSENBERGER J. K., CLOUD S. S., GLEB J. JR, ODOR E., DOHMS J. E. 1985; Sentinel bird survey of Delmarva broiler flocks. Proceedings of the 1985 Poultry Health and Condemnation Meeting
     [Google Scholar]
  124. ROSENBERGER J. K., CLOUD S. S., METZ A. 1987; Use of infectious bursal disease virus variant vaccines in broilers and broiler breeders. Proceedings of the 36th Western Poultry Disease Conference105–109
     [Google Scholar]
  125. SAIF Y. M. 1984; Infectious bursal disease virus type. Proceedings of the 19th National Meeting on Poultry Health and Condemnations105–107
     [Google Scholar]
  126. SAIF Y. M., JACKWOOD D. H., JACKWOOD M. W., JACKWOOD D. J. 1987; Relatedness of IBD vaccine strains and field strains. Proceedings of the 36th Western Poultry Disease Conference110–111
     [Google Scholar]
  127. SHATKIN A. J. 1969; Replication of reovirus. Advances in Virus Research 14:63–87
     [Google Scholar]
  128. SICCARDI F. J. 1975; The addition of fowlpox and pigeon pox vaccine to Marek’s vaccine for broilers. Avian Diseases 19:362–365
     [Google Scholar]
  129. SKEELES J. K., LUKERT P. D., DE BUYSSCHER E. V., FLETCHER O. J., BROWN J. 1979a; Infectious bursal disease viral infections. I. Complement and virus-neutralizing antibody response following infection of susceptible chickens. Avian Diseases 23:95–106
     [Google Scholar]
  130. SKEELES J. K., LUKERT P. D., DE BUYSSCHER E. V., FLETCHER O. J., BROWN J. 1979b; Infectious bursal disease viral infections. II. The relationship of age, complement levels, virus-neutralizing antibody, clotting, and lesions. Avian Diseases 23:107–117
     [Google Scholar]
  131. SKEELES J. K., SLAVIK M., BEASLEY J. N., BROWN A. H., MEINECKE C. F., MARUCA S., WELSH S. 1980; An age-related coagulation disorder associated with experimental infection with infectious bursal disease virus. American Journal of Veterinary Research 41:1458–1461
     [Google Scholar]
  132. SKEHEL J. J., JOKLIK W. K. 1969; Studies on the in vitro transcription of reovirus RNA catalyzed by reovirus cores. Virology 39:822–831
     [Google Scholar]
  133. SMITH G. L., MURPHY B. R., MOSS B. 1983; Construction and characterization of an infectious vaccinia virus recombinant that expresses the influenza virus hemagglutinin gene and induces resistance to influenza infection in hamsters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 80:7155–7159
     [Google Scholar]
  134. SMITH G. L., BENNINK J. R., YEWDELL J. W., SMALL P. A., MURPHY B. R., MOSS B. 1985 Vaccinia virus recombinants expressing influenza virus genes. Options for Control of Influenza375–389 Edited by Kendal A. P. New York: Alan R. Liss;
     [Google Scholar]
  135. SMITH R. E., FURUICHI Y. 1980; Gene mapping of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of silkworm by the full-length mRNA prepared under optimized conditions of transcription in vitro. Virology 103:279–290
     [Google Scholar]
  136. SMITH R. E., MORGAN M. A., FURUICHI Y. 1981; Separation of the plus and minus strands of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus and human reovirus double-stranded genome RNAs by gel electrophoresis. Nucleic Acids Research 9:5269–5286
     [Google Scholar]
  137. SOMOGYI P., DOBOS P. 1980; Virus-specific RNA synthesis in cells infected by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Journal of Virology 33:129–139
     [Google Scholar]
  138. SPIES U., MÜLLER N., BECHT N. 1987; Properties of RNA polymerase activity associated with infectious bursal disease virus and characterization of its reaction products. Virus Research 8:127–140
     [Google Scholar]
  139. THORNTON D. H., PATTISON M. 1975; Comparison of vaccines against infectious bursal disease. Journal of Comparative Pathology 85:597–610
     [Google Scholar]
  140. TODD D., MCNULTY M. S. 1979; Biochemical studies with infectious bursal disease virus: comparison of some of its properties with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Archives of Virology 60:265–277
     [Google Scholar]
  141. TRIPATHY D. N., CUNNINGHAM C. H. 1984 Avian pox. Diseases of Poultry, 8th edn.524–534 Edited by Hofstad M. S., Barnes H. J., Calnek B. W., Reid W. M., Yoder H. W. Ames: Iowa State University Press;
     [Google Scholar]
  142. UNDERWOOD B. O., SMALE C. J., BROWN F., HILL B. 1977; Relationship of a virus from Tellina tenuis to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Journal of General Virology 36:93–109
     [Google Scholar]
  143. VERWOERD D. W., ELS H. J., DE VILLIERS E.-M., HUISMANS H. 1972; Structure of the bluetongue virus capsid. Journal of Virology 10:783–794
     [Google Scholar]
  144. WINTERFIELD R. W. 1969; Immunity response to infectious bursal agent. Avian Diseases 13:548–557
     [Google Scholar]
  145. WINTERFIELD R. W., THACKER H. L. 1978; Immune response and pathogenicity of different strains of infectious bursal disease virus applied as vaccines. Avian Diseases 22:721–731
     [Google Scholar]
  146. WINTERFIELD R. W., FADLY A. M., BICKFORD A. 1972; Infectivity and distribution of infectious bursal disease virus in the chicken. Persistence of the virus and lesions. Avian Diseases 16:622–632
     [Google Scholar]
  147. WINTERFIELD R. W., DHILLON A. S., THACKER H. L., ALBY L. J. 1980; Immune response of White Leghorn chicks from vaccination with different strains of infectious bursal disease virus. Avian Diseases 24:179–188
     [Google Scholar]
  148. WOOD O. W., MUSKETT J. C, HEBERT C. N., THORNTON D. H. 1979; Standardization of the quantitative agar gel precipitation test for antibodies to infectious bursal disease. Journal of Biological Standardization 7:89–96
     [Google Scholar]
  149. WOOD G. W., MUSKETT J. C., THORNTON D. H. 1981; The interaction of live vaccine and maternai antibody in protection against infectious bursal disease. Avian Pathology 10:365–373
     [Google Scholar]
  150. WYETH P. J. 1980; Passively transferred immunity to infectious bursal disease following live vaccination of parent chickens by two different routes. Veterinary Record 106:289–290
     [Google Scholar]
  151. WYETH P. J., CULLEN G. A. 1976; Maternally derived antibody - effect on susceptibility of chicks to infectious bursal disease. Avian Pathology 5:253–260
     [Google Scholar]
  152. WYETH P. J., CULLEN G. A. 1978; Susceptibility of chicks to infectious bursal agent (IBD) following vaccinations of their parents with live IBD vaccine. Veterinary Record 103:281–282
     [Google Scholar]
  153. YILMA T., MACKETT M., ROSE J. K., MOSS B. 1985 Vaccinia virus recombinants expressing vesicular stomatitis genes immunize mice and cattle. Vaccinia Viruses as Vectors for Vaccine Antigens187–200 Edited by Quinnan R. V. New York & Amsterdam: Elsevier;
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-69-8-1757
Loading
Biochemistry and Immunology of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
J. Gen. Virol. 69, 1757 (1988); https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-69-8-1757
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-69-8-1757
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-69-8-1757
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error