One Defective Interfering Particle per Cell Prevents Influenza Virus-mediated Cytopathology: An Efficient Assay System

References

1. ADA G. L., PERRY B. T. 1955; Infectivity and nucleic acid content of influenza virus. Nature, London 175:209–210
   [Google Scholar]
2. BARRETT A. D. T., DIMMOCK N. J. 1984; Variation in homotypic and heterotypic interference by defective interfering viruses derived from different strains of Semliki Forest virus and from Sindbis virus. Journal of General Virology 65:1119–1122
   [Google Scholar]
3. BARRETT A. D. T., HUNT N., DIMMOCK N. J. 1984; A rapid method for the inactivation of virus infectivity prior to assay for interferons. Journal of Virological Methods 8:349–351
   [Google Scholar]
4. BERNKOPF H. 1950; Study of infectivity and hemagglutination of influenza virus in de-embryonated eggs. Journal of Immunology 65:571–583
   [Google Scholar]
5. CANE C. P., MCLAIN L., DIMMOCK N. J. 1987; Intracellular stability of the interfering activity of a defective interfering influenza virus in the absence of virus multiplication. Virology 159:259–264
   [Google Scholar]
6. CRUMPTON W. C, DIMMOCK N. J., MINOR P. D., AVERY R. J. 1978; The RNAs of defective interfering influenza virus. Virology 90:370–373
   [Google Scholar]
7. DE B. K., NAYAK D. P. 1980; Defective interfering influenza viruses and host cells: establishment and maintenance of persistent influenza virus infection in MDBK and HeLa cells. Journal of Virology 36:847–859
   [Google Scholar]
8. DIMMOCK N. J., BECK S., MCLAIN L. 1986; Protection of mice from lethal influenza: evidence that defective interfering virus modulates the immune response and not virus multiplication. Journal of General Virology 67:839–850
   [Google Scholar]
9. FRAENKEL-CONRAT H. 1981 Chemical modification of viruses. Comprehensive Virology 17245–288 Edited by Fraenkel-Conrat H., Wagner R. R. New York & London: Plenum Press;
   [Google Scholar]
10. JANDA J. M., NAYAK D. P. 1979; Defective influenza viral ribonucleoproteins cause interference. Journal of Virology 32:697–702
    [Google Scholar]
11. JANDA J. M., DAVIS A.R., NAYAK D. P., DE B. K. 1979; Diversity and generation of defective interfering influenza virus particles. Virology 95:48–58
    [Google Scholar]
12. JENNINGS P. A., FINCH J. T., WINTER G., ROBERTSON J. S. 1983; Does the higher order structure of the influenza virus ribonucleoprotein guide sequence rearrangements in influenza virus RNA?. Cell 34:619–627
    [Google Scholar]
13. KAWAI A., MATSUMOTO S. 1982; A sensitive bioassay system for detecting defective interfering particles of rabies virus. Virology 122:98–108
    [Google Scholar]
14. MORSER M. J., KENNEDY S. I. T., BURKE D. C. 1973; Virus-specified polypeptides in cells infected with Semliki Forest virus. Journal of General Virology 21:19–29
    [Google Scholar]
15. NAYAK D. P., SIVASUBRAMANIAN N. 1983 The structure of influenza defective interfering (DI) RNAs and their progenitor genes. Genetics of Influenza Viruses255–279 Edited by Palese P., Kingsbury D. W. Vienna: Springer-Verlag;
    [Google Scholar]
16. NAYAK D. P., TOBITA K., JANDA J. M., DAVIS A. R., DE B. K. 1978; Homologous interference mediated by defective interfering influenza virus derived from a temperature sensitive mutant of influenza virus. Journal of Virology 28:375–386
    [Google Scholar]
17. PERRAULT J. 1981; Origin and replication of defective interfering particles. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 93:151–207
    [Google Scholar]
18. POPESCU M., SCHAEFER H., LEHMANN-GRUBE F. 1976; Homologous interference of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Virology 77:78–83
    [Google Scholar]
19. PREVEC L., RANG C. Y. 1970; Homotypic and heterotypic interference by defective particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. Nature, London 288:25–27
    [Google Scholar]
20. SCHNITZLEIN W. M., REICHMANN M. E. 1976; The size and cistronic origin of defective vesicular stomatitis virus particle RNAs in relation to homotypic and heterotypic interference. Journal of Molecular Biology 101:307–325
    [Google Scholar]
21. VON MAGNUS P. 1951; Propagation of the PR8 strain of influenza A virus in chick embryos. III. Properties of the incomplete virus produced in serial passages of undiluted virus. Actapathologica et microbiologica scandinavica 29:157–181
    [Google Scholar]
22. WEBSTER R. G., LAVER W. G. 1967; Preparations and properties of antibody directed specifically against the neuraminidase of influenza virus. Journal of Immunology 99:49–55
    [Google Scholar]
23. WINSHIP T. T., THACORE H. R. 1980; A sensitive method for quantification of vesicular stomatitis virus defective interfering particles: focus forming assay. Journal of General Virology 48:237–240
    [Google Scholar]