Temporary and Permanent Modifications to a Single Strain of Mouse Scrapie on Transmission to Rats and Hamsters Free

Abstract

SUMMARY

The interspecies transmission of scrapie is frequently associated with exceptionally long incubation periods at first passage in the new host compared to later passages (the species barrier effect). The basis of this was investigated using the 139A strain of scrapie which had been cloned by three serial passages in mice at limiting infectious doses. Cloned scrapie was passaged through hamsters (twice) or rats (thrice) and then reisolated in mice. Large species barrier effects were encountered on mouse-to-hamster and hamster-to-mouse passage resulting in the isolation of a mutant strain, 139-H/M, with properties very different from 139A. In contrast, the strain reisolated from rats was indistinguishable from 139A. However, a large species barrier was encountered at the mouse-to-rat passage but not at the rat-to-mouse passage. It is suggested that the transmission of scrapie between species may be associated with (i) no change in properties or (ii) a permanent change in the scrapie genome due to the selection of mutants. A third possibility, the donor species effect, is a temporary change occurring only at first passage in the new host species which is largely or entirely caused by the introduction of material from the previous host. We speculate that the donor species effect could be explained if some host protein forms a functional part of the infectious agent.

Keyword(s): mutation , pathogenesis and scrapie
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-68-7-1875
1987-07-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/68/7/JV0680071875.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-68-7-1875&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bruce M. E., Dickinson A. G. 1987; Biological evidence that scrapie agent has an independent genome. Journal of General Virology 68:79–89
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Cole S., Kimberlin R. H. 1985; Pathogenesis of mouse scrapie : dynamics of vacuolation in brain and spinal cord after intraperitoneal infection. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 11:213–227
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Dickinson A. G. 1976; Scrapie in sheep and goats. In Slow Virus Diseases of Animals and Man pp. 209–241 Kimberlin R. H. Edited by Amsterdam: North-Holland;
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Dickinson A. G., Outram G. W. 1983; Operational limitations in the characterisation of the infective unit of scrapie. In Virus Non-conventionnels et Affections du Systeme Nerveux Central pp. 3–16 Court L. A., Cathala F. Edited by Paris: Masson;
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Dickinson A. G., Bruce M. E., Outram G. W., Kimberlin R. H. 1984; Scrapie strain differences: the implications of stability and mutation. In Proceedings of Workshop on Slow Transmissible Diseases pp. 105–108 Tokyo: Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare;
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Fraser H. 1983; A survey of primary transmission of Icelandic scrapie (rida) to mice. In Virus Non-conventionnels et Affections du Système Nerveux Central pp. 34–46 Court L. A., Cathala F. Edited by Paris: Masson;
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Fraser H., Dickinson A. G. 1968; Sequential development of the brain lesions of scrapie in three strains of mice. Journal of Comparative Pathology 78:301–311
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Fraser H., Dickinson A. G. 1973; Scrapie in mice: agent strain differences in the distribution and intensity of grey matter vacuolation. Journal of Comparative Pathology 83:29–40
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Kimberlin R. H. 1979; Early events in the pathogenesis of scrapie in mice: biological and biochemical studies. In Slow Transmissible Diseases of the Nervous System 2 pp. 33–54 Prusiner S. B., Hadlow W. J. Edited by New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Kimberlin R. H. 1986; Scrapie: how much do we really understand?. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 12:131–147
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Kimberlin R. H., Walker C. A. 1977; Characteristics of a short incubation model of scrapie in the golden hamster. Journal of General Virology 34:295–304
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Kimberlin R. H., Walker C. A. 1978; Evidence that the transmission of one source of scrapie agent to hamsters involves separation of agent strains from a mixture. Journal of General Virology 39:487–496
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Kimberlin R. H., Walker C. A. 1979; Pathogenesis of scrapie: agent multiplication in brain at first and second passage of hamster scrapie in mice. Journal of General Virology 42:107–117
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Kimberlin R. H., Walker C. A., Millson G. C. 1975; Interspecies transmission of scrapie-like diseases. Lancet ii:1309–1310
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Kimberlin R. H., Cole S., Walker C. A. 1986; Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) in Chinese hamsters: identification of two strains of TME and comparisons with scrapie. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 12:197–206
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Pattison I. H., Jones K. M. 1968; Modification of a strain of mouse-adapted scrapie by passage through rats. Research in Veterinary Science 9:408–410
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-68-7-1875
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-68-7-1875
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed