Supercoiled plasmid molecules containing cloned copies of a DNA fragment which includes a functional herpes simplex virus type 1 origin of DNA replication were cleaved preferentially at two positions within the viral insert by nuclease S1. Plasmids with molecular linker insertions at these sites were constructed, and analysis of two representative plasmids demonstrated the presence of palindromic DNA sequences at the preferred cleavage positions. One of these palindromic sequences occurred within a 90 bp region in which the cis-acting sequences essential for viral origin function had previously been located. Insertion of a linker at this position abolished origin activity, demonstrating an essential role for sequences within the palindrome in the initiation of DNA synthesis. In transfection assays, plasmids containing a functional viral origin of DNA replication markedly interfered with the infectivity of non-defective viral DNA even in the absence of viral encapsidation signals. Inactivation of the origin greatly reduced this effect on DNA infectivity, suggesting that viral interference may be mediated by a mechanism involving the replicative machinery.
BergsmaD. J.,
OliveD. M.,
HartzellS. W.,
SubramanianK. N.1982; Territorial limits and functional anatomy of the simian virus 40 replication origin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 79:4773–4777
BroachJ. R.,
LiY.-Y.,
FeldmanI.,
JayramM.,
AbrahamJ.,
NasmythK. A.,
HicksJ. B.1982; Localization and sequence analysis of yeast origins of DNA replication. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 47:1165–1173
CuifoD. M.,
HaywardG. S.1981; Tandem repeat defective DNA from the L segment of the HSV genome. In Herpesvirus DNA pp 107–128 Edited by
BeckerY.
The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff;
DavisonA. J.,
WilkieN. M.1981; Nucleotide sequences of the joint between the L and S segments of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. Journal of General Virology 55:315–331
FrenkelN.,
JacobR. J.,
HonessR. W.,
HaywardG. S.,
LockerH.,
RoizmanB.1975; Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA. III. Characterization of defective DNA molecules and biological properties of virus populations containing them. Journal of Virology 16:153–167
FrenkelN.,
LockerH.,
BattersonW.,
HaywardG. S.,
RoizmanB.1976; Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA. VI. Defective DNA originates from the S component. Journal of Virology 20:527–531
FriedmannA.,
ShlomaiJ.,
BeckerY.1977; Electron microscopy of herpes simplex virus DNA molecules isolated from infected cells by centrifugation in CsCl density gradients. Journal of General Virology 34:507–522
GrahamB. J.,
BengaliZ.,
Vande WoudeG. F.1978; Physical map of the origin of defective DNA in herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA. Journal of Virology 25:878–887
KaernerH. C.,
MaichleI. B.,
OttA.,
SchröderC. H.1979; Origin of two different classes of defective HSV-1 Angelotti DNA. Nucleic Acids Research 6:1467–1478
KaernerH. C.,
Ott-HartmannA.,
SchattenR.,
SchröderC. H.,
GrayC. P.1981; Amplification of a short nucleotide sequence in the repeat units of defective herpes simplex virus type 1 Angelotti DNA. Journal of Virology 39:75–81
LacksS.,
GreenbergB.1977; Complementary specificity of restriction endonucleases of Diplococcus pneumoniae with respect to DNA methylation. Journal of Molecular Biology 114:153–168
LilleyD. M. J.1980; The inverted repeat as a recognizable structural feature in supercoiled DNA molecules. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 77:6468–6472
LuthmanH.,
NilssonM.-G.,
MagnussonG.1982; Non-contiguous segments of the polyoma genome required in cis for DNA replication. Journal of Molecular Biology 161:533–550
MocarskiE. S.,
RoizmanB.1981; Site-specific inversion sequence of the herpes simplex virus genome: domain and structural features. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 78:7047–7051
MocarskiE. S.,
RoizmanB.1982; Herpesvirus-dependent amplification and inversion of cell-associated viral thymidine kinase gene flanked by viral sequences and linked to an origin of viral DNA replication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 79:5626–5630
MurchieM.-J.,
McGeochD. J.1982; DNA sequence analysis of an immediate-early gene region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome (map coordinates 0.950 to 0.978). Journal of General Virology 62:1–15
MurrayB. K.,
BiswalN.,
BookoutJ. B.,
LanfordR. E.,
CourtneyR. J.,
MelnickJ. L.1975; Cyclic appearance of defective interfering particles of herpes simplex virus and the concomitant accumulation of early polypeptide VP175. Intervirology 5:173–184
MyersR. M.,
TjianR.1980; Construction and analysis of simian virus 40 origins defective in tumor antigen binding and DNA replication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 77:6491–6495
PrestonC. M.,
CordingleyM. G.,
StowN. D.1984; Analysis of DNA sequences which regulate the transcription of a herpes simplex virus immediate early gene. Journal of Virology 50:708–716
RijndersA. W. M.,
van BergenB. G. M.,
van Der VlietP. C.,
SussenbachJ. S.1983; Specific binding of the adenovirus terminal protein precursor-DNA polymerase complex to the origin of DNA replication. Nucleic Acids Research 11:8777–8789
SchröderC. H.,
UrbaczkaG.1978; Excess of interfering over infectious particles in herpes simplex virus passaged at high m.o.i. and their effect on single-cell survival. Journal of General Virology 41:493–501
SchröderC. H.,
FurstB.,
WeiseK.,
GrayC. P.1984; A study of interfering herpes simplex virus DNA preparations containing defective genomes of either class I or II and the identification of minimal requirements for interference. Journal of General Virology 65:493–506
StowN. D.1982; Localization of an origin of DNA replication within the TRs/IRs, repeated region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome. EMBO Journal 1:863–867
StowN. D.,
WilkieN. M.1976; An improved technique for obtaining enhanced infectivity with herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA. Journal of General Virology 33:447–458
StowN. D.,
McMonagleE. C.,
DavisonA. I.1983; Fragments from both termini of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome contain signals required for the encapsidation of viral DNA. Nucleic Acids Research 11:8205–8220
TamanoiF.,
StillmanB. W.1983; Initiation of adenovirus DNA replication in vitro requires a specific DNA sequence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 80:6446–6450
Van BergenB. G. M.,
van Der LeyP. A.,
van DrielW.,
van MansfeldA. D. M.,
van Der VleitP. C.1983; Replication of origin containing adenovirus DNA fragments that do not carry the terminal protein. Nucleic Acids Research 11:1975–1990
VlaznyD. A.,
FrenkelN.1981; Replication of herpes simplex virus DNA: localization of replication signals within defective virus genomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A 78:742–746
WagnerM.,
SkareJ.,
SummersW. C.1974; Analysis of DNA of defective herpes simplex virus type 1 by restriction endonuclease cleavage and nucleic acid hybridization. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 39:683–686
WilkieN. M.1973; The synthesis and substructure of herpesvirus DNA: the distribution of alkali-labile single strand interruptions in HSV-1 DNA. Journal of General Virology 21:453–467