1887

Abstract

SUMMARY

Plaque reduction neutralization assays, using foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type A, strain 119 and immune serum from convalescent guinea-pigs infected with this strain of virus and performed with monolayers of a swine kidney cell line, resulted in biphasic neutralization curves because of the presence of as many as 30 to 50% of non-neutralized virus particles at peak activity. These results were found using gum tragacanth, agar, agar containing DEAE-dextran, and methylcellulose overlays and were also found using monolayers of guinea-pig embryo tongue and guinea-pig embryo heelpad cells. Non-neutralized virus in immune serum-FMDV mixtures was neutralized after the addition of anti-species antibody, demonstrating that the non-neutralized virus fraction consisted of virus in the form of infectious immune complexes. These complexes were not infectious when inoculated intraperitoneally into suckling mice or intracardially into guinea-pigs. They were infectious, however, if inoculated intradermally into the tongue or rear heelpads of guinea-pigs. Low doses of passively transferred immune serum did not protect guinea-pigs against the formation of primary vesicles after intradermal tongue or heelpad challenge with virus but did protect against systemic spread of virus to the remaining uninoculated feet. Higher doses of passively transferred immune serum protected against tongue challenge but even higher doses were required to protect against heelpad challenge. The role of antibody in protection against the systemic spread of FMDV may be due to infectious immune complexes being removed from the blood by the reticuloendothelial system. In the dermis of the tongue and heelpad, the immune complexes remain infectious, resulting in the formation of local vesicles except when these tissues contain very high concentrations of antibody.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-64-2-341
1983-02-01
2024-11-09
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/64/2/JV0640020341.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-64-2-341&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Benacerraf B., Sebestyin M., Cooper N. S. 1959; The clearance of antigen-antibody complexes from the blood by the reticulo-endothelial system. Journal of Immunology 82:131–137
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Booth J. C. 1977; Enhancement by diethylamino ethyl-dextran of the plaque forming activity of foot-and-mouth disease virus-antibody complexes in pig kidney 1B-RS-2 cells. Archives of Virology 55:251–261
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Cowan K. M., Trautman R. 1965; Antibodies produced by guinea pigs infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus. Journal of Immunology 94:858–867
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Cunliffe H. R., Graves J. H. 1963; Formalin treated foot-and-mouth virus: comparison of two adjuvants in cattle. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Science 27:193–197
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Dinka S. K., Swaney L. M., McVicar J. W. 1977; Selection of a stable clone of the MVPK-1 fetal porcine kidney cell for assays of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 23:295–299
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Finney D. I. 1964 Statistical Methods in Biological Assay 2nd edn. pp 524–533 New York: Hafner Publishing Company;
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Hahon N. 1970; Neutralization of residual infectivity of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus by antigamma globulin. Journal of General Virology 6:361–372
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Hardy M. M., Moore D. M. 1981; Neutralization of foot-and-mouth disease virus. I. Sensitization of the 140S virion by antibody also reactive with the 12S protein subunit. Journal of General Virology 55:415–427
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Knudsen R. C., Groocock C. M., Andersen A. A. 1979; Immunity to foot-and-mouth disease virus in guinea pigs: clinical and immune responses. Infection and Immunity 24:787–792
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Knudsen R. C., Groocock C. M., Andersen A. A. 1982; Difference in protective immunity of the tongue and feet of guinea pigs vaccinated with foot-and-mouth disease virus type A12 following intradermolingual and footpad challenge. Veterinary Microbiology 7:97–107
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Mackowiak C., Fontaine J., Terre J., Stellmann C., Roumiantzeff M., Petermann H. G. 1966; Controle quantitatif du vaccin antiaphteux. Etudi de la loi dose-effet et correlation entre les doses vaccinantes 50 p. 100 chez les cobayes et les bovides. Bulletin de l’office international des épizooties 65:131–171
    [Google Scholar]
  12. McVicar J. W., Sutmoller P., Andersen A. A. 1974; Foot-and-mouth disease virus: plaque reduction neutralization test. Archiv für die gesamte Virusforschung 44:168–172
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Massey R. J., Schochetman G. 1981; Viral epitopes and monoclonal antibodies: isolation of blocking antibodies that inhibit virus neutralization. Science 213:447–449
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Munthe-Kaas A. C., Kaplan G., Seljelid R. 1976; On the mechanism of internalization of opsonized particles by rat peritoneal Kupffer cells in vitro. Experimental Cell Research 103:201–212
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Phillips-Quagliata J. M., Levine B. B., Quagliata F., Uhr J. W. 1971; Mechanisms underlying binding of immune complexes to macrophages. Journal of Experimental Medicine 133:589–601
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Skinner H. H. 1951; Propagation of strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus in unweaned white mice. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 44:15–18
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Terpstra C., Frenkel S., Straver P. J., Barteling S. J., van Bekkum J. G. 1976; Comparison of laboratory techniques for the evaluation of the antigenic potency of foot-and-mouth disease virus cultures and vaccines. Veterinary Microbiology 1:71–83
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-64-2-341
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-64-2-341
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error