Proteolytic Activation of Influenza WSN Virus in Cultured Cells is Performed by Homologous Plasma Enzymes

References

1. Alkjaersig N., Fletchner A. P., Sherry S. 1959; £-Aminocaproic acid: an inhibitor of plasminogen activation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 234:832–837
   [Google Scholar]
2. Basak S., Pritchard D. G., Bhown A. S., Compans R. W. 1981; Glycosylation sites of influenza viral glycoproteins: characterization of tryptic glycopeptides from the A/USSR (H1N1) hemagglutinin. Journal of Virology 37:549–558
   [Google Scholar]
3. Bosch F. X., Orlich M., Klenk H., -D. & Rott R. 1979; The structure of the hemagglutinin, a determinant for the pathogenicity of influenza viruses. Virology 95:197–207
   [Google Scholar]
4. Bosch F. X., Garten W., Klenk H., -D. & Rott R. 1981; Proteolytic cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinin. Primary structure of the connecting peptide between HA1 and HA2 determines proteolytic cleavability and pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses. Virology 113:725–735
   [Google Scholar]
5. Brockway W. J., Castellino F. J. 1971; The mechanism of the inhibition of plasmin activity by t-amino-caproic acid. Journal of Biological Chemistry 246:4641–4647
   [Google Scholar]
6. Collins J. K., Knight C. A. 1978; Purification of the influenza hemagglutinin glycoprotein and characterization of its carbohydrate components. Journal of Virology 26:457–467
   [Google Scholar]
7. Compans R. W., Pinter A. 1975; Incorporation of sulfate into influenza virus glycoproteins. Virology 66:151–160
   [Google Scholar]
8. Goldberg A. R., Lazarowitz S. G. 1974; Plasminogen activators of normal and transformed cells. In Proteinase Inhibitors Bayer Symposium 5 pp. 631–648 Edited by Fritz H., Greence H., Tschesche L. J., Trufcheit E. Berlin: Springer-Verlag;
   [Google Scholar]
9. Hay J. J. 1974; Studies on the formation of the influenza virus envelope. Virologv 60:398–418
   [Google Scholar]
10. Holland J. J., Doyle M., Perrault J., Kingsbury D. T., Etchison J. 1972; Proteinase activity in purified animal viruses. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 46:634–640
    [Google Scholar]
11. Klenk H.-D., Rott R., Becht H. 1972; On the structure of influenza virus envelope. Virology 47:579–591
    [Google Scholar]
12. Klenk H.-D., Rott R., Orlich M., Blodorn J. 1975; Activation of influenza A viruses by trypsin treatment. Virology 68:426–439
    [Google Scholar]
13. Klenk H.-D., Rott R., Orlich M. 1977; Further studies on the activation of influenza virus by proteolytic cleavage of the haemagglutinin. Journal of General Virology 36:151–161
    [Google Scholar]
14. Laver W. G. 1971; Separation of two polypeptide chains from the hemagglutinin subunit of influenza virus. Virology 45:275–288
    [Google Scholar]
15. Lazarowitz S. G., Choppin P. W. 1975; Enhancement of the infectivity of influenza A and B viruses by proteolytic cleavage of the hemagglutinin polypeptide. Virology 68:440–454
    [Google Scholar]
16. Lazarowitz S. G., Compans R. W., Choppin P. W. 1971; Influenza virus structural and nonstructural proteins in infected cells and their plasma membranes. Virology 46:830–843
    [Google Scholar]
17. Lazarowitz S. G., Goldberg A. R., Choppin P. W. 1973a; Proteolytic cleavage by plasmin of the HA polypeptide of influenza virus: host cell activation of serum plasminogen. Virology 56:172–180
    [Google Scholar]
18. Lazarowitz S. G., Compans R. W., Choppin P. W. 1973b; Proteolytic cleavage of the hemagglutinin polypeptide of influenza virus. Function of the uncleaved polypeptide HA. Virology 52:199–212
    [Google Scholar]
19. Loskutoff D. J., Edginton T. S. 1977; Synthesis of a fibrinolytic activator and inhibitor by endothelial cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 14:3903–3907
    [Google Scholar]
20. Nakajima S., Sugiura A. 1980; Neurovirulence of influenza virus in mice. II. Mechanism of virulence as studied in neuroblastoma cell line. Virology 101:450–457
    [Google Scholar]
21. Nakamura K., Compans R. W. 1977; The cellular site of sulfation of influenza virus glycoproteins. Virology 79:381–392
    [Google Scholar]
22. Nakamura K., Compans R. W. 1979; Host cell- and virus strain-dependent differences in oligosaccharides of hemagglutinin glycoproteins of influenza A viruses. Virology 95:8–23
    [Google Scholar]
23. Nakamura K., Bhown A. S., Compans R. W. 1980; Glycosylation sites of influenza viral glycoproteins. Tryptic glycopeptides from A/WSN (H0N1) hemagglutinin glycoprotein. Virology 107:208–221
    [Google Scholar]
24. Quigly J. P. 1976; Association of a protease (plasminogen activator) with a specific membrane fraction isolated from transformed cells. Journal of Cell Biology 71:472–486
    [Google Scholar]
25. Rott R., Reinacher M., Orlich M., Klenk H.-D. 1980; Cleavability of hemagglutinin determines spread of avian influenza viruses in the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryo. Archives of Virology 65:123–133
    [Google Scholar]
26. Schulman J. L., Palese P. 1977; Virulence factors of influenza A viruses: WSN virus neuraminidase required for plaque production in MDBK cells. Journal of Virology 24:170–176
    [Google Scholar]
27. Schwarz R. T., Schmidt M. F. G., Anwer U., Klenk H.-D. 1977; Carbohydrates of influenza virus. I. Glycopeptides derived from viral glycoproteins after labeling with radioactive sugars. Journal of Virology 23:217–226
    [Google Scholar]
28. Skehel J. J., Waterfield H. D. 1975; Studies on the primary structure of influenza virus hemagglutinin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 72:93–97
    [Google Scholar]
29. Stanley P., Gandhi S. S., White D. D. 1973; The polypeptides of influenza virus. VII. Synthesis of the hemagglutinin. Virology 53:92–106
    [Google Scholar]
30. Vallbracht A., Scholtissek C., Flehmig B., Gerth H.-J. 1980; Recombination of influenza A strains with fowl plague virus can change pneumotropism from mice to a generalized infection with involvement of the central nervous system. Virology 107:452–460
    [Google Scholar]
31. Zhirnov O. P., Bukrinskaya A. G. 1977; Study on Sendai virus proteins: proteolytic activity in virus particles. Voprosy virusologii 5:571–577
    [Google Scholar]
32. Zhirnov O. P., Bukrinskaya A. G. 1981; Two forms of influenza virus nucleoprotein in infected cells and virions. Virology 109:174–179
    [Google Scholar]
33. Zhirnov O. P., Ovcharenko A. V., Bukrinskaya A. G. 1982; A modified plaque assay method for accurate analysis of infectivity of influenza viruses with uncleaved hemagglutinin. Archives of Virology 71:177–183
    [Google Scholar]