1887

Abstract

SUMMARY

Pulse-chase experiments after synchronous initiation of translation indicate that the larger Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus membrane glycoprotein, E, is derived by proteolytic cleavage of the precursor, PE. The structural proteins of VEE virus strains representing each of the antigenic subtypes and varieties have been compared by discontinuous SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nucleocapsid proteins of all isolates were similar in size (mol. wt. 35 to 36 × 10). The mol. wt. of E varied from 48 to 51 × 10 and the mol. wt. of E glycoproteins ranged from 53 to 59 × 10. Pixuna virus contained a third envelope glycoprotein of 59 × 10 mol. wt. in addition to the two major glycoproteins of mol. wt. 53 × 10 and 48 × 10 respectively. The isoelectric points (pI) of E and E for all VEE strains studied were approx. 7 and 9 respectively. Both glycoproteins of TC-83 virus induced precipitating antibodies which reacted only with the homologous purified E and E glycoproteins. Antibodies to E protein of each virus neutralized virus infectivity and inhibited the agglutination of goose erythrocytes by virions. Haemagglutination-inhibition tests using antisera to E glycoproteins of prototype viruses, representing each of the antigenic subtypes and varieties, differentiated the viruses into subtypes I, II, III and IV with subtype I divided into variants 1AB, 1C, 1D and 1E.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-44-3-725
1979-09-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/44/3/JV0440030725.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-44-3-725&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Baltimore D., Burke D. C., Horzinek M. D., Huang A. S., Kääriäinen L., Pfefferkorn E. R., Schlesinger M. J., Schlesinger S., Schlesinger W. R., Scholtissek C. 1976; Proposed nomenclature for alpha-virus polypeptides. Journal of General Virology 30:273
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Berge T. O., Banks I. S., Tigertt W. D. 1961; Attentuation of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus by in vitro cultivation in guinea-pig heart cells. American Journal of Hygiene 73:209–218
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Biseid G. 1970; An assay method for Trasylol based on the in vitro inhibition of human plasma kallikrein. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 28:225–232
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bonner W. M., Laskey R. A. 1974; A film detection method for tritium-labelled proteins and nucleic acids in polyacrylamide gels. European Journal of Biochemistry 46:83–88
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Brown A., Elsner V., Zebovitz E., Allen W. P. 1969; Use of an antiglobulin plaque neutralization test among group A arboviruses. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 130:718–722
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Chamberlain R. W., Sudia W. D., Coleman P. H., Work T. H. 1964; Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus from South Florida. Science 145:272–274
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Clarke D. H., Casals J. 1958; Techniques for hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition with arthropod-borne viruses. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 7:561–573
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Clegg J. C. S. 1975; Sequential translation of capsid and membrane protein genes of alphavirus. Nature, London 254:454–455
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Compans R. W. 1971; Location of the glycoprotein in the membrane of Sindbis virus. Nature, New Biology 229:114–116
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Dalrymple J. M., Teramoto A. Y., Cardiff R. D., Russell P. K. 1972; Radioimmune precipitation of group A arboviruses. Journal of Immunology 109:426–433
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Dalrymple J. M., Vogel S. N., Teramoto A. Y., Russell P. K. 1973; Antigenic components of group A arbovirus virions. Journal of Virology 12:1034–1042
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Dalrymple J. M., Schlesinger S., Russell P. K. 1976; Antigenic characterization of two Sindbis virus envelope glycoproteins separated by isoelectric focusing. Virology 69:93–103
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Dickerman R. W. 1972 Venezuelan encephalitis pp 133–134 Washington, D.C.: Pan American Health Organization Scientific Publication No. 243;
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Franck P. T., Johnson K. M. 1971; An outbreak of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis in Central America: evidence for exogenous source of a virulent virus subtype. American Journal of Epidemiology 94:487–495
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Garoff H., Simons K., Renkonen O. 1974; Isolation and characterization of the membrane proteins of Semliki Forest virus. Virology 61:393–504
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Gilead Z., Jeng Y., Woid W. S. M., Sugawara K., Hyune M. O., Harter M. L., Green M. 1976; ImmUnOlogical identification of two adenovirus 2-induced early proteins possibly involved in cell transformation. Nature, London 264:263–266
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Gochenour W. S., Berge T. O., Gleiser C. A., Tigertt W. D. 1962; Immunization of burros with living Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. American Journal of Hygiene 75:351–362
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Grayson M. A., Galindo P. 1968; Epidemiologic studies of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in Almirante, Panama. American Journal of Epidemiology 83:80–96
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Haldane J. B. S. 1960; Dex or Order of Magnitude. Nature, London 187:879
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Helenius A., Fries E., Garoff H., Simons K. 1976; Solubilization of the Semliki Forest virus membrane with sodium deoxycholate. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 436:319–334
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Johnson K. M., Martin D. H. 1974; Venezuelan equine encephalitis. Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine 18:79–116
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Johnson K. M., Shelokov A., Peralta P. H., Dammin G. J., Young N. A. 1968; Recovery of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in Panama: a fatal case in man. American Journal of Tropical Medicine ang Hygiene 17:432–440
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Lachmi B. E., Kääriäinen L. 1976; Sequential translation of non-structural proteins in cells infected with a Semliki Forest virus mutant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 73:1936–1940
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Laemmli U. K. 1970; Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, London 227:680–685
    [Google Scholar]
  25. MacKenzie R. M., Desiger J., Parra D. 1976; Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: comparison of infectivity and virulence of strains V-38 and P676 in donkeys. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 25:494–499
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Matheka H. D., Enzmann P.-J., Bachrach H. L., Migl B. 1977; The influence of sodium dodecyl sulfate from different sources on the separation of virus proteins in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analytical Biochemistry 81:9–17
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Monath T. P., Calisher C. H., Davis M., Bowen G. S., White J. 1974; Experimental studies of rhesus monkeys infected with epizootic and enzootic subtypes of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 129:194–200
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Obijeski J. F., Bishop D. H. L., Murphy F. A., Palmer E. L. 1976; Structural proteins of LaCrosse virus. Journal of Virology 19:985–997
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Obijeski J. F., Marchenko A. T., Bishop D. H. L., Cann B. W., Murphy F. A. 1974; Comparative electrophoretic analysis of the virus proteins of four rhabdoviruses. Journal of General Virology 22:21–33
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Pedersen C. E., Eddy G. A. 1974; Separation, isolation and immunological studies of the structural proteins of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. Journal of Virology 14:740–744
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Pedersen C. E., Eddy G. A. 1975; Comparative analyses of members of the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus complex. American Journal of Epidemiology 101:245–252
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Randall R., Mills J. W. 1944; Fatal encephalitis in man due to the Venezuelan virus of equine encephalomyelitis in Trinidad. Science 99:225–226
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Russell P. K., Nisalak A. 1967; Dengue virus identification by the plaque reduction neutralization test. Journal of Immunology 99:291–296
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Saborio J. L., Pong S. S., Koch G. 1974; Selective and reversible inhibition of initiation of protein synthesis in mammalian cells. Journal of Molecular Biology 85:195–211
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Scherer W. F., Dickerman R. W., Ordonez J. V. 1970; Discovery and geographic distribution of Venezuelan encephalitis virus in Guatemala, Honduras and British Honduras during 1965–68, and its possible movement to Central America and Mexico. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 19:703–711
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Scherer W. F., Pancake B. A. 1977; Comparisons of Venezuelan encephalitis virus strains by hemagglutination-inhibition tests with chicken antibodies. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 6:578–585
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Sefton B. M., Wickus G. G., Burge B. W. 1973; Enzymatic iodination of Sindbis virus proteins. Journal of Virology 11:730–735
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Shope R. E., Causey O. R., Deandrade A. H. P., Theiler M. 1964; The Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis complex of group A arthropod-borne viruses, including Mucambo and Pixuna from the Amazon region of Brazil. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 13:723–727
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Stollar V. 1975; Immune lysis of Sindbis virus. Virology 66:620–624
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Strauss J. M., Strauss E. G. 1977; Togaviruses. In The Molecular Biology of Animal Viruses pp 111–196 vol 1 Edited by Nayak D. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc;
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Trent D. W., Harvey C. L., Qureshi A., Lestourgeon D. 1976; Solid-phase radioimmunoassay for antibodies to flavivirus structural and nonstructural proteins. Infection and Immunity 13:1325–1333
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Trent D. W., Clewley J. P., France J. K., Bishop D. H. L. 1979; Immunochemical and oligonucleotide fingerprint analyses of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis complex viruses. Journal of General Virology 43:365–381
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Wirth D. F., Katz F., Small B., Lodish H. F. 1977; How a single Sindbis virus mRNA directs the synthesis of one soluble protein and two integral membrane glycoproteins. Cell 10:253–263
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Young N., Johnson K. M. 1969; Antigenic variants of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: their geographic distribution and epidemiologic significance. American Journal of Epidemiology 89:286–307
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Zarate M. L., Scherer W. F. 1969; A comparative study of virulences, plaque morphologies and antigenic characteristics of Venezuelan encephalitis virus strains. American Journal of Epidemiology 89:489–502
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Zimmerman R. A., Aurenheimer A. H., Taranta A. 1971; Precipitating antibody to group A streptococcal polysaccharides in humans. The Journal of Immunology 107:832–841
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-44-3-725
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-44-3-725
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error