Interferon Induction by Viruses. II. Sindbis Virus: Interferon Induction Requires One-Quarter of the Genome – Genes G and A Free

Abstract

SUMMARY

We have measured the amounts of interferon formed by chick cells ‘aged’ in response to different amounts of infectious wild-type Sindbis virus. Our results suggest that one plaque-forming unit is enough to induce maximum interferon formation. With higher m.o.i. the yield of interferon is less.

To inactivate the interferon-inducing activity of Sindbis virus, four times more u.v.-radiation was needed than to inactivate the infectivity of the virus. This suggests that only 25% of the virus genome need be intact in order to induce interferon. Temperature-sensitive Sindbis virus mutants from the three RNA complementation groups, C, D and E, gave rise to interferon in chick cells incubated at a non-permissive temperature. Similarly, mutants from two of the RNA groups, B and F, gave rise to interferon, but not mutants from groups G and A.

We conclude that no pre-formed inducer of interferon is present in Sindbis virus. It appears, however, that genes G and A represent a special one-quarter of the genome which must be functional in order to synthesize an interferon-inducing moiety. We suggest that this moiety is a double-stranded RNA molecule formed after synthesis of a segment of RNA complementary to the genome.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-44-1-169
1979-07-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/44/1/JV0440010169.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-44-1-169&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Atkins G. J., Johnston M. D., Westmacott L. M., Burke D. C. 1974; Induction of interferon in chick cells by temperature-sensitive mutants of Sindbis virus. Journal of General Virology 25:381–390
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Atkins G. J., Lancashire C. L. 1976; The induction of interferon by temperature-sensitive mutants of Sindbis virus: its relationship to double-stranded RNA synthesis and cytopathic effect. Journal of General Virology 30:157–165
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Brzeski H., Kennedy S. I. T. 1977; Synthesis of Sindbis virus non-structural polypeptides in chicken embryo fibroblasts. Journal of Virology 22:420–429
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Burge B. W., Pfefferkorn E. R. 1968; Functional defects of temperature-sensitive mutants of Sindbis virus. Journal of Molecular Biology 35:193–205
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Burke D. C. 1973; The mechanisms of interferon formation. In Interferons and Interferon Inducers pp 107–133 Edited by Finter N. B. Amsterdam: North Holland;
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cancedda R., Villa-Komoroff L., Lodish H., Schlesinger M. 1975; Initiation sites for translation of Sindbis virus 42S and 26S messenger RNAs. Cell 6:215–222
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Carver D. H., Marcus P. I. 1967; Enhanced interferon production from chick embryo cells aged in vitro. Virology 32:247–257
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Fleischmann W. R. Jun, Simon E. H. 1974; Mechanism of interferon induction by NDV: a monolayer and single cell study. Journal of General Virology 25:337–349
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Fuller F. J., Marcus P. I. 1979; Interferon induction by defective interfering particles of Sindbis virus. American Society for Microbiology (Abstracts) p 252
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Green J. J., Alderfer J. L., Tazawa L., Tazawa S., Ts’o P. O. P., O’Malley J. A., Carter W. A. 1978; Interferon induction and its dependence on the primary and secondary structure of poly (inosinic acid). Poly (cytidylic acid). Biochemistry 17:4214–4220
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Grossman L. 1963; The effects of ultraviolet-irradiated polyuridylic acid in cell-free protein synthesis in E. coli. II. The influence of specific photoproducts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 50:657–664
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Isaacs A. 1962; Production and action of interferon. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 27:343–349
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Johnston M. D., Burke D. C. 1973; Interferon induction by viruses: molecular requirements. In Selective Inhibitors of Viral Functions pp 123–148 Edited by Carter W. A. Florida, U.S.A.: CRC Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Lazzarini R. A., Weber G. H., Johnson L. D., Stamminger G. M. 1975; Covalently linked message and anti-message (genomic) RNA from a defective vesicular stomatitis virus particle. Journal of Molecular Biology 97:289–307
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Marcus P. L. 1959; Single cell techniques in tracing virus-host interactions. Bacteriological Reviews 23:232–249
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Marcus P. L., Carver D. H. 1965; Hemadsorption-negative plaque test: new assay for rubella virus revealing a unique interference. Science 49:983–986
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Marcus P. L., Sekellick M. J. 1975; Cell killing by viruses. II. Cell killing by vesicular stomatitis virus: a requirement for virion-derived transcription. Virology 63:176–190
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Marcus P. L., Sekellick M. J. 1977; Defective interfering particles with covalently linked [±] RNA induce interferon. Nature, London 266:815–819
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Marcus P. L., Sekellick M. J., Fuller F. J. 1978; Double-stranded RNA: the interferon inducer of viruses. International Virology Abstracts 4:107
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Miller R. L., Plagemann P. G. W. 1974; Effect of ultraviolet light on mengovirus: formation of uracil dimers, instability and degradation of capsid, and covalent linkage of protein to viral RNA. Journal of Virology 13:729–739
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Perrault J., Leavitt R. W. 1978; Characterization of snap-back RNAs in vesicular stomatitis defective interfering virus particles. Journal of General Virology 38:21–34
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Pfefferkorn E. R., Burge B. W. 1967; Genetics and biochemistry of arbovirus temperature-sensitive mutants. In The Molecular Biology of Viruses pp 403–426 Edited by Colter J. New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Schlesinger S., Schlesinger M. J., Burge B. W. 1972; Defective virus particles from Sindbis virus. Virology 48:615–629
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Sekellick M. J., Marcus P. I. 1979; Persistent infections. II. Interferon-inducing temperature-sensitive mutants as mediators of cell sparing: possible role in persistent infection by vesicular stomatitis virus. Virology 95:36–47
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Simmons D. T., Strauss J. H. Jun 1972; Replication of Sindbis virus. II. Multiple forms of double-stranded RNA isolated from infected cells. Journal of Molecular Biology 71:615–631
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Strauss E. G., Lenches E. M., Strauss J. H. 1976; Mutants of Sindbis virus. I. Isolation and partial characterization of 89 new temperature-sensitive mutants. Virology 74:154–168
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Zuckerbraun H. L., Marcus P. I. 1971; Intrinsic interference: characterization of induction. In Drugs and Cell Regulation pp 259–293 Edited by Mihich E. New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-44-1-169
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-44-1-169
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed