Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus (VEEV): Strain Differentiation and Specification of Virulence Markers

References

1. Allner K., Bradish C. J., Fitzgeorge R., Nathansgn N. 1974; Modifications by sodium auro-thio-malate of the expression of virulence in mice by defined strains of Semliki Forest virus. Journal of General Virology 24:221–228
   [Google Scholar]
2. Avilan J. 1966; Los Brotes de Encefalitis Equina Venezolona en Venezuela durante 1962 a 1964. Revista Venezolana de Sanidad y Asistencia Social 31:789–804
   [Google Scholar]
3. Bergold G. H., Mazzali R. 1968; Plaque formation by arboviruses. Journal of General Virology 2:273–284
   [Google Scholar]
4. Bradish C. J., Allner K. 1972; The early responses of mice to respiratory or intraperitoneal infection by defined virulent and avirulent strains of Semliki Forest virus. Journal of General Virology 15:205–218
   [Google Scholar]
5. Bradish C. J., Allner K., Maber H. B. 1971; The virulence of original and derived strains of Semliki Forest virus for mice, guinea-pigs and rabbits. Journal of General Virology 12:141–160
   [Google Scholar]
6. Bradish C. J., Allner K., Maber H. B. 1972; Infection, interaction and the expression of virulence by defined strains of Semliki Forest virus. Journal of General Virology 16:359–372
   [Google Scholar]
7. Clarke D. H., Casals J. 1958; Techniques for hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition with arthropod borne viruses. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 7:561–573
   [Google Scholar]
8. Dickerman R. W. 1972 Virulence aspects of VEE viruses. In Proceedings of the Workshop-Symposium on Venezuelan Encephalitis Virus Washington, D.C.: September 1971 (Pan American Health Organization Scientific Publication no. 243). pp. 133–137
   [Google Scholar]
9. Dulbecco R. 1952; Production of plaques in monolayer tissue cultures by single particles of an animal virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 38:747–752
   [Google Scholar]
10. Eddy G. A., Martin D. M., Reeves W. C., Johnson K. M. 1972; Field studies of an attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine (strain TC 83). Infection and Immunity 5:160–163
    [Google Scholar]
11. Hearn H. J. Jun, Soper W. T. 1961 Stability and correlation of virulence and plaque size in VEE virus. Bacteriological Proceedings p. 150
    [Google Scholar]
12. Holland I. J. 1964; Viruses in animals and in cell cultures. Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology 14:257–286
    [Google Scholar]
13. Mayer V. 1964; Study of the virulence of tick-borne encephalitis virus. III. Biological evaluation of large-plaque and small-plaque variants of viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis complex. Acta Virologica 8:507–520
    [Google Scholar]
14. Miles J. A. R., Austin F. J. 1963; Growth of arboviruses in BHK 21 cells. Australian Journal of Science 25:466
    [Google Scholar]
15. Miller M. E. 1969; Phagocytosis in the newborn infant: humoral and cellular factors. Journal of Pediatrics 74:255–259
    [Google Scholar]
16. Pedersen C. E. Jun., Solcum D. R., Robinson D. M. 1972; Comparative studies of plaque variants derived from a Florida strain of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. Infection and Immunity 6:779–784
    [Google Scholar]
17. Rabinowitz S., Proctor R. A. 1974; In vitro studies of antiviral activity of immune spleen cells in experimental Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis infection in mice. Journal of Immunology 112:1070–1077
    [Google Scholar]
18. Reed L. J., Muench H. 1938; A simple method of estimating fifty per-cent end points. American Journal of Hygiene 27:493–497
    [Google Scholar]
19. Sellers R. F., Bergold G. H., Suarez O. M., Morales A. 1965; Investigations during Venezuelan equine encephalitis outbreaks in Venezuela 1962-1964. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 14:460–469
    [Google Scholar]
20. Stope R. E., Causey O. R., Paes De Andrade A. H., Theiler M. 1964; The Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis complex of group A Arthropod-borne viruses, including Mucambo and Pixuna from the Amazon region of Brazil. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 13:723–727
    [Google Scholar]
21. Simizu B., Takayama N. 1969; Isolation of two plaque mutants of Western Equine encephalitis virus differing in virulence of mice. Journal of Virology 4:799–800
    [Google Scholar]
22. Takayama N. 1972; Further characterization of an attenuated Western equine encephalitis virus: search for in vitro markers. Archiv fiir die Gesamte Virusforschung 36:363–371
    [Google Scholar]
23. Work T. H. 1972 On the natural history of Venezuelan equine encephalitis: conclusions and correlations. Proceedings of the Workshop-Symposium on Venezuelan Encephalitis Virus Washington, D.C.: September 1971 (Pan American Health Organization Scientific Publication no. 243). pp. 333–346
    [Google Scholar]
24. Young N. A., Johnson K. M. 1969; Antigenic variants of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: their geographic distribution and epidemiological significance. American Journal of Epidemiology 89:286–307
    [Google Scholar]
25. Zarate M. L. 1972 Virulence aspects of the VEE viruses. In Proceedings of the Workshop-Symposium on Venezuelan Encephalitis Virus Washington, D.C.: September 1971 (Pan American Health Organization Scientific Publication no. 243), pp. 124–132
    [Google Scholar]
26. Zarate M. L., Scherer W. F. 1969; A comparative study of virulences, plaque morphologies and antigenic characteristics of Venezuelan encephalitis virus strains. American Journal of Epidemiology 89:489–502
    [Google Scholar]
27. Zisman B., Denman A. M. 1973; Inactivation of myxoviruses by lymphoid cells. Journal of General Virology 20:211–233
    [Google Scholar]