1887

Abstract

SUMMARY

In these studies in mice, guinea pigs and rabbits infected by intraperitoneal, intracerebral or respiratory routes, the expression of virulence by a virulent/avirulent mixture of known proportion depended on the administered dose and was not a simple marker for the virus population, or for the heterogeneous wild strain which it simulated. This dependence of the virulence of a virus sample upon its dose and heterogeneity is presented quantitatively for each host by a dose-response diagram which is the necessary extension of the simple dose-response curve. The latter may be used to express single response characteristics (death only, protection only) but is inappropriate to the expression of the present dual response-dose characteristics in which protection at low dose gives place to death at high dose, or vice versa. At some proportions of virulent/avirulent sub-populations in the virus inoculum even more complex dual response-dose characteristics may be generated. Thus the specification of virulence requires the presentation of a dose-response diagram for each relevant host and route of administration of virus.

Notwithstanding these seeming complications, basic types of virulent/avirulent interaction have been demonstrated and arranged in sequence according to the susceptibility or responsiveness of the host-route systems investigated. With closer definition of population heterogeneity and dose-response relationships, other virus-host-route systems will probably fit within similar sequences.

These results are interpreted in terms of a dynamic interaction between distinct lethal and protective responses and are relevant to problems involved in the design and testing of live vaccines.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-16-3-359
1972-09-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/16/3/JV0160030359.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-16-3-359&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. BRADISH C. J., AIXNER K. 1972; The eariy responses of mice to respiratory and intraperitoneal infection by defined virulent and avirulent strains of Semliki Forest virus. Journal of General Virology 15:205
    [Google Scholar]
  2. BRADISH C. J., ALLNER K., MABER H. B. 1971; The virulence of original and derived strains of Semliki Forest virus mice, guinea-pigs and rabbits. Journal of General Virology 12:141
    [Google Scholar]
  3. EVANS D. G. OTHER REVIEW AUTHORS 1967 International Symposium on Neurovirulence of Viral VaccinesSymposia Series on Immunobiological Standardisation 2 Edited by Regamey R. H., Hennessen H., Ikic D., Ungar J. Basel and New York: S. Karger;
    [Google Scholar]
  4. MäKELA O., CROSS A., KOSUNEN T. U. EDS. OTHER REVIEW AUTHORS 1971 Cell Interactions & Receptor Antibodies in Immune Responses London and New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  5. MIMS C. A. 1964; Aspects of the pathogenesis of virus diseases. Bacteriological Reviews 28:30
    [Google Scholar]
  6. MOORE N. F., LOMNLCZI B., BURKE D. C. 1972; The effect of infection with different strains of Newcastle Disease virus on cellular RNA and protein synthesis. Journal of General Virology 14:99
    [Google Scholar]
  7. NATHANSON N., COLE G. A. 1970; Immunosuppression and experimental virus infection of the nervous system. Advances in Virus Research 16:397
    [Google Scholar]
  8. REED L. T., MUENCH H. 1938; A simple method of estimating 50 per cent end-points. American Journal of Hygiene 27:493
    [Google Scholar]
  9. REEVE P., ALEXANDER D. J., POPE G., POSTE G. 1971; Studies on the cytopathic effects of Newcastle disease virus: metabolic requirements. Journal of General Virology 11:25
    [Google Scholar]
  10. WATERSON A. P., PENNINGTON T. H., ALLAN W. H. 1967; Virulence in Newcastle Disease vims: a preliminary study. British Medical Bulletin 23:18
    [Google Scholar]
  11. WEBB H. E., HALL J. G. 1972 An assessment of the role of the allergic response in the pathogenesis of virus diseases. Microbial Pathogenicity in Man and AnimalsSymposium of the Society for General Microbiology Edited by Smith H., Pearce J. H. Cambridge: University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  12. WEINER L. P., COLE G. A., NATHANSON N. 1970; Experimental encephalitis following peripheral inoculation of West Nile virus in mice of different ages. Journal of Hygiene 68:435
    [Google Scholar]
  13. W.H.O. 1970; Factors regulating the immune response. Report of a WHO Scientific Group. World Health Organisation Technical Report Series No. 448
    [Google Scholar]
  14. ZLOTNIK J., GRANT D. P., BATTER-HATTON DEE. 1972; Encephalopathy in mice following inapparent Semliki Forest virus (SFV) infection. British Journal of Experimental Pathology 53:125
    [Google Scholar]
  15. ZLOTNIK J., HARRIS W. J. 1970; The changes in cell organelles of neurons in the brains of adult mice and hamsters during Semliki Forest virus and louping-ill encephalitis. British Journal of Experimental Pathology 51:37
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-16-3-359
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-16-3-359
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error