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This paper reports the effects of treatment with double-stranded RNA of Friend disease, a virus-induced murine leukaemia. The salient feature of the disease is a progressive increase in spleen size; death normally results from rupture of the spleen. It was found that the effect of treatment with double-stranded RNA was closely related to the time of treatment relative to infection. Treatment before or in the early stages of infection increased the severity of the disease, but treatment 5 days after infection led to a profound reduction in the severity of the disease, judged by a pronounced reduction or abolition of splenomegaly. Histological examination of this reversal of splenomegaly showed reduction of the Friend cell infiltration and a return to a more normal spleen architecture. Mice in which remissions have been produced have remained free of evidence of splenomegaly for several weeks. The nature of this therapeutic effect is unknown.
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