- Volume 75, Issue 3, 2025

Two novel actinobacteria strains, HUAS MG47T and HUAS YS2T, were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera and Cathaya argyrophylla collected from Changde City, Hunan Province, China. These two strains could form rectiflexible spore chains consisting of short cylindrical spores with smooth surfaces, suggesting that they had typical characteristics of the genus Streptomyces. The cell wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as a diagnostic amino acid. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9 (H6), MK-9 (H8) and MK-9 (H4). The genome sizes of HUAS MG47T and HUAS YS2T were 7.35 and 7.88 Mbp with a G+C content of 72.3 and 72.0 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and five housekeeping gene sequences (atpD, gyrB, recA, rpoB and trpB) indicated that strains HUAS MG47T and HUAS YS2T formed an evolutionary lineage with Streptomyces tritici CGMCC 4.7393T. However, the values of multilocus sequence analysis evolutionary distance, average nucleotide identity and DNA–DNA hybridization between these two strains and their closely related relatives indicated that they were clearly different from other known Streptomyces species. Consequently, based on the polyphasic taxonomic study, HUAS MG47T and HUAS YS2T represent two novel Streptomyces species for which the names Streptomyces solicamelliae sp. nov. (HUAS MG47T=MCCC 1K09365T=JCM 37293T) and Streptomyces solicathayae sp. nov. (HUAS YS2T=MCCC 1K08940T=JCM 36737T) are proposed, respectively.

Two Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped strains (ASV49T and ASV81T) were isolated from a waste landfill in Shanghai, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains are associated with members of the genus Microbacterium. Strains ASV49T and ASV81T were most closely related to Microbacterium rhizosphaerae JCM 31396T and Microbacterium bovistercoris CCTCC AA 2018025T with 98.5 and 98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains ASV49T and ASV81T were 69.5 and 70.5 mol %, respectively. Strains ASV49T and ASV81T exhibited the highest average nucleotide identity values of 81.7 and 85.3% against their closest relatives Microbacterium xylanilyticum JCM 13591T and M. rhizosphaerae JCM 31396T, respectively. Corresponding digital DNA–DNA hybridization values were 25.1 and 30.9%, respectively. Strains ASV49T and ASV81T grew optimally at pH 7.0 and 28 °C on Reasoner’s 2A. Strain ASV81T produced capsules, but ASV49T did not. Both isolates shared the following chemotaxonomic characteristics in common: the major fatty acids of anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; the respiratory quinones of MK-11, MK-12, MK-13 and MK-10; the polar lipids of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol; and the cell wall amino acids of ornithine, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. Based on the genomic, phenotypic and chemical characteristics, strains ASV49T and ASV81T represent two novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the names Microbacterium candidum sp. nov. and Microbacterium capsulatum sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are ASV49T (=GDMCC 1.4109T=JCM 36480T) and ASV81T (=GDMCC 1.4110T=JCM 36481T), respectively.

Streptomyces strains DSM 116494T and DSM 116496T were isolated from sediment samples of the River Oker in Braunschweig, Germany, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study and genome mining for specialized secondary metabolites. Phenotypic, genetic and genomic data confirmed the assignment of these strains to the Streptomyces genus. Pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between the strains and validly named Streptomyces species reached 99.5 and 99.7% for strains DSM 116494T and DSM 116496T, respectively. Genome-based phylogeny demonstrated that Streptomyces pilosus and Streptomyces griseoflavus species were the close relatives to strain DSM 116494T, while Streptomyces vinaceus species was the nearest neighbour to strain DSM 116496T. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity comparisons of the genomic sequence of the strains and their close phylogenomic relatives revealed that values were below the determined threshold of 70 and 95–96% for prokaryotic species demarcation, respectively. The strains were distinguished from their close neighbours based on biochemical, chemotaxonomic and enzymatic data. Given these results, the strains merit being affiliated to novel species within the genus Streptomyces, for which the names Streptomyces okerensis sp. nov. (=OG2.3T=DSM 116494T=KCTC 59408T) and Streptomyces stoeckheimensis sp. nov. (=OG3.14T=DSM 116496T=KCTC 59410T) are proposed. Strains DSM 116494T and DSM 116496T harboured several biosynthetic gene clusters encoding potentially novel antimicrobial and anticancer compounds. Crude extracts of strains DSM 116494T and DSM 116496T inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ΔtolC, Proteus vulgaris) and a multi-drug-resistant Gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus.

Strain HUAS MG31T was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera collected from Taoyuan County, China. This strain produced white substrate mycelium and hair brown aerial mycelium without diffusible pigment on the Gause’s synthetic No. 1 medium. Aerial mycelia differentiated into rectiflexible spore chains consisting of spherical or cylindrical spores with smooth surfaces. Cell wall peptidoglycan of strain HUAS MG31T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and whole-cell sugars were galactose and mannose. The menaquinones of strain HUAS MG31T were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4). The major cellular fatty acids consisted of Summed Feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1 ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, Summed Feature 3 (iso H-C16 : 1 /C16 : 1 ω6c) and cyclo C17 : 0. Sequence analysis based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene of strain HUAS MG31T showed that it shared highest sequence similarities to Kitasatospora paranensis HKI 0190T (99.5%) and Kitasatospora terrestris HKI 0186T (99.4%). The phylogenomic tree shows that strain HUAS MG31T forms an independent subclade, indicating that it might belong to a potential novel species. The results from phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HUAS MG31T was most closely related to K. paranensis HKI 0190T. However, the average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA–DNA hybridization between strain HUAS MG31T and K. paranensis JCM 13005T were 87.0 %/81.2% and 25.8 %, respectively, below the 95%–96% and 70 % threshold that defined a new species. Meanwhile, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characteristics and MALDI-TOF MS results further confirmed that strain HUAS MG31T was significantly different from K. paranensis JCM 13005T. Therefore, these results reveal that strain HUAS MG31T represents a novel species of the genus Kitasatospora, for which the name Kitasatospora camelliae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HUAS MG31T (=MCCC 1K09225T= JCM 37022T).

A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CBA3109T, was isolated from jogae-jeotgal (fermented clam), a traditional Korean fermented seafood. Strain CBA3109T showed growth at 10–30 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0–15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 5%). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CBA3109T belonged to the genus Brevibacterium, with the highest similarities to Brevibacterium aurantiacum NCDO 739T (98.26%) and B. antiquum VKM Ac-2118T (98.14%). Strain CBA3109T contained MK-8(H2) as the major menaquinone. The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C15 :  0 and anteiso-C17 :  0. The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain CBA3109T and the closest species were 86.2–87.0% and 31.1–33.0 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain CBA3109T was 62.7%. Based on the morphological, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain CBA3109T represents a novel species of the genus Brevibacterium, for which the name Brevibacterium koreense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CBA3109T (= KACC 23387T = DSM 117564T).

We here describe a novel, Gram-stain positive, catalase positive and oxidase negative bacterium isolated from pyothorax samples of cats. The four described strains 14KM1171, 17KM0085, 22MD1345 and 22MD1512T have a genome size of 2.35–2.40 Mb and a DNA G+C content of 68.3–68.4 mol%. They are genetically most closely related to Buchananella hordeovulneris with a 16S rRNA similarity of 96.9%, digital DNA–DNA hybridization value of 15% and an average nucleotide identity of 73.5%, all clearly below the species threshold. The major cellular fatty acids (C16:0, C15:0 anteiso and C14:0) are the same as in B. hordeovulneris supporting classification in that genus. We therefore propose that our isolates represent a novel species with the name Buchananella felis sp. nov. with type strain 22MD1512T (=CCOS 2118T=DSM 117562T).

In this study, we describe a novel rapid-growing Mycobacterium species isolated from a clinical specimen obtained from the lower respiratory tract of a patient with ciliary dysfunction, bronchiectasis and exacerbated respiratory symptoms. A comprehensive phenotypic characterization was conducted, including the establishment of a MALDI-TOF MS profile. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing was performed to assess overall genomic relatedness indices and conduct phylogenetic comparative analyses. These findings allowed us to characterize a previously unrecognized rapid-growing Mycobacterium species, for which we propose the name Mycobacterium servetii (=DSM 118141; =CECT 31091).

A novel actinomycete strain, designated Pv 4-285T, was isolated from rhizosphere sample collected from Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens growing in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, Crimea, Ukraine. The strain Pv 4-285 T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Mumia xiangluensis NEAU-KD1T. The genome size was 4.6 Mbp with a DNA G+C content of 70.43%. The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile and aerobic. Cells were observed to be irregularly rod-shaped. Pv 4-285T was able to grow at 20–37 °C and at pH 6.0–9.0 and in the presence of up to 6% (w/v) NaCl. The predominant menaquinone was detected as MK-9(H4). The polar lipid profile of strain Pv 4-285T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and phosphatidylinositol. Pv 4–285 contained C16:0, С18:1 ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0, C17:0. While galactose, mannose and xylose were detected in strain Pv 4-285T as the whole-cell sugars. Based on these differences, strain Pv 4-285T (=DSM 118545T =LMG 33743T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Mumia, for which the name Mumia qirimensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Enrichment cultures of archaea and bacteria performing the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) regularly contain persistent methanogens. Here, we isolated the marine methanogen Methanococcoides cohabitans sp. nov. strain LMO-2T from a long-term AOM enrichment culture from the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Strain LMO-2T is Gram-stain-negative, irregular 0.5–1 µm coccus without flagella. It utilizes a variety of methylated compounds including methanol, monomethylamine, dimethylamine and trimethylamine for growth and methanogenesis. However, it does not grow on formate, acetate, dimethyl sulphate, H2/CO2, betaine and choline. The optimal conditions for growth were observed within a temperature range of 30–35 °C, a pH range of 7.0–8.0 and a salinity range of 2–4% NaCl. Based on the similarity and phylogeny of the 16S rRNA gene and genomic sequence, strain LMO-2T is classified within the genus Methanococcoides. Among the isolated type strains of the genus, strain LMO-2T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Methanococcoides vulcani SLH33T (99.4%). The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity based on genome sequence showed that strain LMO-2T shared the highest similarity with Methanococcoides orientis LMO-1T, with values of 27.3% and 83.4%, respectively. In conclusion, we isolated a methylotrophic methanogen from an AOM culture, and the isolated strain LMO-2T represented a novel species of the genus Methanococcoides, for which the name Methanococcoides cohabitans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LMO-2T (=CGMCC 1.18051T=KCTC 25774T).

An anaerobic isolate, designated me31T, was isolated from pit mud in Yibin, Sichuan Province, PR China. Phylogenetic results based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain me31T belongs to the family Dysgonomonadaceae, and the most closely related isolated relatives were Seramator thermalis SYSU GA16112T (93.65%) and Proteiniphilum propionicum JNU-WLY501T (93.22%). The DNA G+C content was 44.26 mol%. The ANI and AAI values between strain me31T and the closely related strains were 69.25–71.18% and 69.59–71.15%, respectively. Cells of strain me31T were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile. Growth of strain me31T was observed at 25–37 °C, pH 6.0–8.0 and a salt tolerance range of 0–1.0% (w/v). The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C17 : 0 2OH. The polar lipids of strain me31T were found to consist of phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified phosphoglycolipids, one unidentified phosphoglycolipid, one unidentified lipid, two unidentified glycolipids and one aminophosphoglycolipid. According to the results of morphological, physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, genotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain me31T represents a novel species of a novel genus of the family Dysgonomonadaceae, for which the name Limibacterium fermenti gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is me31T (=GDMCC 1.4237T=KCTC 25756T=WMCC 10035T).

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, non-flagellated, motile by gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated SM2212T, was isolated from intertidal sediment of Aoshan Bay in Qingdao, China. The strain grew at 5–35 °C and with 0.5–5.5% NaCl (w/v). It was able to reduce nitrate to nitrite and hydrolyse starch, gelatin and DNA. The phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA genes and single-copy genes showed that strain SM2212T belonged to the genus Christiangramia within the family Flavobacteriaceae, sharing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Christiangramia echinicola (97.1%) and 96.2–97.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with those of other known species in the genus. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7с and/or C16:1 ω6с), iso-C15:0, iso-C17: 03-OH, summed feature 9 (iso-C17:1  ω9c and/or 10-methyl C16:0) and C16:0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SM2212T was 37.0 mol%. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain SM2212T and type strains of closely related known Christiangramia species were below 22.2 and 79.7%, respectively. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic analysis in this study, strain SM2212T is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Christiangramia, for which the name Christiangramia sediminicola is proposed. The type strain is SM2212T (=KCTC 92980T=MCCC 1K07684T).

Understanding the characteristics of microbes during long-term space missions is essential for safeguarding the health of astronauts and maintaining the functionality of spacecraft. In this study, a Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped strain JL1B1071T was isolated from the surface of hardware on the China Space Station. This strain belongs to the genus Niallia, with its closest relative being Niallia circulans ATCC 4513T. The genome of JL1B1071T is 5 166 230 bp in size, with a G+C content of 35.6 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between JL1B1071T and N. circulans ATCC 4513T are 83.3 and 27.5%, respectively, both below the recommended thresholds for species delineation. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. The major quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). Notably, strain JL1B1071T demonstrates a unique ability to hydrolyse gelatin, suggesting that it can utilize gelatin as a substrate in nutrient-limited environments. Genomic analysis of JL1B1071T revealed two conserved signature indels in the GAF domain-containing protein and DNA ligase D protein, which are specific to the genus Niallia. Additionally, structural and functional differences in proteins BshB1 and SplA were identified, which may enhance biofilm formation, oxidative stress response and radiation damage repair, thereby aiding its survival in the space environment. Based on phenotypic, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as genome annotation, strain JL1B1071T was considered a novel species within the genus Niallia and is proposed to be named Niallia tiangongensis sp. nov. The type strain is JL1B1071T (=GDMCC 1.4642=KCTC 43715).

The commensal species Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus oralis are genetically diverse to a degree that challenges traditional definitions of species. This causes automatic identification based on DNA sequences or cellular extract profiles problematic. Based on an initial analysis of 266 genomes, we subjected a subset of 100 representative genomes to detailed phylogenetic, pairwise distance and gene pattern analyses. S. mitis and S. oralis constitute a continuum of clones that are genetically unique. To recognize most isolates as separate species is biologically and practically meaningless. We recommend bending the proposed similarity borders to accommodate the biological reality. Accordingly, we conclude that Streptococcus toyakuensis, Streptococcus chosunensis, Streptococcus gwangjuensis, Streptococcus humanilactis and Streptococcus hohhotensis are later heterotypic synonyms of S. mitis. Type strains of effectively but not validly published ‘Streptococcus shenyangsis’, ‘Streptococcus symci’ and ‘Streptococcus vulneris’ belong in S. mitis. Streptococcus parapneumoniae and Streptococcus nakanonensis are later synonyms of Streptococcus thalassemiae. Streptococcus downii is a later synonym of Streptococcus oralis subsp. dentisani, and the type of ‘Streptococcus halitosis’ belongs in Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus. The genome sequence of the type of the recently proposed ‘Streptococcus bouchesdurhonensis’ is based on a mixed culture. Phylogenetic results and the pattern of presence/absence of accessory genes support the distinction of two subspecies of S. mitis, i.e. Sreptococcus mitis subsp. mitis subsp. nov. (type strain is NCTC 12261T) and Sreptococcus mitis subsp. carlssonii subsp. nov. (type strain is SK608=CCUG 55085T=LMG 33510T). The special population structure of the Streptococcus mitis–pneumoniae–pseudopneumoniae–thalassemiae complex renders automated classification of isolates based on average nucleotide identity or digital DNA–DNA hybridization values problematic. As an alternative, for initial taxonomic assignment, we present a whole-genome phylogeny-based method that enables phylogenetic comparison of new isolates in the context of a set of 117 well-characterized reference strains assigned to the Mitis/Sanguinis group.

Two facultatively aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, endophytic bacteria, designated SGZ-1009T and SGZ-1014, were isolated from the plant Pennisetum sp. Strain SGZ-1009T grew at 5–50 °C, pH 4.5–11.0 and tolerated up to 4.5% NaCl (w/v), while strain SGZ-1014 exhibited growth at a temperature range of 10–50 °C, pH range 4.5–11.0 and tolerated up to 4.5% NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these two strains belong to the genus Paenibacillus, closely related to the reference type strain of Paenibacillus wenxiniae DSM 100576T (similarity of 97.0%). The genomic relatedness values for both strains, SGZ-1009T and SGZ-1014, compared to their closest reference strain P. wenxiniae DSM 100576T, were 81.6% for average nucleotide identity and 26.0% for digital DNA–DNA hybridization, suggesting strain SGZ-1009T represents a novel species. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SGZ-1009T was 46.4%. Both strains shared anteiso-C15:0 (55.9%) as the predominant fatty acid, menaquinone-7 as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipids. Based on these results, strains SGZ-1009T and SGZ-1014 represent a novel species of Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus campi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SGZ-1009T (=MCCC 1K08892T=GDMCC 1.4280T=KCTC 43677T=JCM 36670T).

The sourdough isolates FUA3702, FUA3912 and FUA3913T, as well as FUA3695T and FUA3914, could not be identified to known species of the Lactobacillaceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of FUA3702 and FUA3913, FUA3695 and FUA3914 were>99% identical to Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis and Levilactobacillus lanxiensis, respectively. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of strain FUA3913T when compared to Fl. sanfranciscensis were 83.67 and 26.60%, respectively. In addition, strains FUA3702, FUA3912 and FUA3913T produce different levels of a yellow C30 carotenoid, but pigmentation has not been described in Fl. sanfranciscensis. The ANI and dDDH values of FUA3695T and FUA3914 when compared to Lv. langxiensis were 95.22 and 61.20%, respectively. In addition, FUA3695 and FUA3914 convert lactate to 1,2-propanediol and further to propionate. The conversion of lactate to propionate by a single strain has not been documented for any of the species in the Lactobacillaceae. Based on the genomic and physiological characteristics, we proposed the novel species Fructilactobacillus frigidiflavus sp. nov. FUA3913T (=DSM 118650T=LMG 33758T) and Levilactobacillus lettrarii sp. nov. FUA3695T (=DSM 118651T=LMG 33759T).

Ureaplasma sp. (OM1T, OM4 and OM7) novel strains were isolated from the gastric fluid of a spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata). These strains were phenotypically and genotypically characterized, and compared with known species of the genus Ureaplasma. All isolated strains hydrolysed urea and metabolized arginine, but did not produce acid from glucose. All strains were propagated using pleuropneumonia-like organisms medium supplemented with serum and urea under aerobic and anaerobic atmospheric conditions at 37 °C. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a typical mollicute cellular morphology. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the most closely related, validly named type strain was Ureaplasma gallorale ATCC 43346T (89.4% similarity). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values among strain OM1T and closely related species were lower than the accepted thresholds for describing novel prokaryotic species at the genomic level. Based on the genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic properties, the strains represent a novel species of the genus Ureaplasma, for which the name Ureaplasma ceti sp. nov. with type strain OM1T (=DSM 116106T=JCM 39153T) is proposed. The genomic G+C content and draft genome sizes of the type strain were 31.7% and 889 711 bp, respectively.

Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain 2208YS6-2-32T, was isolated from a marine invertebrate, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) edulis collected by trawl in the south coastal sea of the Republic of Korea. The cells were motile, short-rod, non-spore-forming and contained carotenoid pigments. Catalase and oxidase activities were positive. According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequence determined that strain 2208YS6-2-32T belongs to the novel Fulvimarina species and shares the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity with Fulvimarina endophytica 85T (97.5%). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain 2208YS6-2-32T and Fulvimarina endophytica 85T were 78.3% and 21.9%, respectively. The DNA G+C content was 64.5%. Optimal growth of strain 2208YS6-2-32T was observed at 28 °C and pH 8 and in the presence of 1–3% (w/v) NaCl. Strain 2208YS6-2-32T contained ubiquinone-10 as the respiratory quinone, C18 : 1 ω7c (79.0%) and summed feature 3 (C16  :  1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c; 13.5%) as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid and seven unidentified lipids. Based on the results of the polyphasic approach, strain 2208YS6-2-32T represents a novel species of the genus Fulvimarina, for which the name Fulvimarina uroteuthidis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2208YS6-2-32T (=KACC 23586T=JCM 36703T).

Between 1976 and 2010, four bacterial isolates were collected in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia, and stored as part of routine biosecurity surveillance. Recently, these historic isolates were analysed as part of a larger project to enhance the taxonomic accuracy of our culture collection and improve Australia’s biosecurity preparedness. Three isolates were collected from Fragaria × ananassa, initially identified as Xanthomonas sp., and one from Medicago sativa, identified as Xanthomonas axonopodis subsp. alfalfae. In this study, we employed modern phenotypic and genomic techniques to further characterize these isolates. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight MS biotyping and Biolog GEN III MicroPlates confirmed that they are members of the Xanthomonas genus but did not allow for species-level classification. Genome-relatedness indices and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that they were Xanthomonas and revealed that they represent three novel species. The maximum average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values observed when comparing the four isolates to all Xanthomonas type strains and each other were 93.9% and 50.7%, respectively. Pathogenesis assays confirmed that two of the isolates are not pathogenic to Fragaria, the plant from which they were isolated. Based on these findings, we propose the names Xanthomonas bundabergensis sp. nov. (DAR 80977T=ICMP 24943), Xanthomonas medicagonis sp. nov. (DAR 35659T=ICMP 24942) and Xanthomonas tesorieronis sp. nov. (DAR 34887T=ICMP 24940).

A motile, rod-shaped and anaerobic strain WK13T was isolated from a secondary root canal infection of a human tooth. WK13T cells were Gram-stain-negative, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids (≥ 5.0%) were C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C16 : 1  ω7c, C18 : 1  ω9c and C18 : 2  ω6,9c. The DNA G+C content was 57.94 mol%. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine. There were no respiratory quinones detectable. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain WK13T belongs to the class Betaproteobacteria. WK13T showed a 93.6% and 93.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the most closely related cultured species, Propionivibrio pelophilus strain DSM 12018T and Propionivibrio dicarboxylicus strain DSM 5885T, respectively. On the basis of physiological and biochemical data, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the class Betaproteobacteria, for which we propose the name Dentiradicibacter hellwigii gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is WK13T (=DSM 112713T=NCTC 14938T).

This study describes a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial species isolated from the octocoral Litophyton sp. inhabiting the live coral aquarium at Oceanário de Lisboa in Portugal. Four strains, NE35, NE40T, NE41 and NE43, were classified into the genus Endozoicomonas by means of 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequence homologies. We then performed phylogenetic, phylogenomic and biochemical analyses to examine their novel species status within the Endozoicomonas genus, based on comparisons with the designated novel type strain NE40T. The closest 16S rRNA gene relatives to strain NE40T are Endozoicomonas montiporae CL-33T (98.2%), Endozoicomonas euniceicola EF212T (97.6%) and Endozoicomonas gorgoniicola PS125T (97.2%). The four strains show genome-wide average nucleotide identity scores above the species level cut-off (95%) with one another and below the cut-off with all Endozoicomonas type strains with publicly available genomes. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization further supported the classification of the strains as a novel species, showing values below 70% when compared with other Endozoicomonas type strains. The DNA G+C content of NE40T was 49.0 mol%, and its genome size was 5.45 Mb. Strain NE40T grows from 15 to 37 °C, with 1–5% (w/v) NaCl, and between pH 6.0 and 8.0 in marine broth and shows optimal growth at 28–32 °C, 2–3% NaCl and pH 7.0–8.0. The predominant cellular fatty acids are summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω6c and/or C18 : 1 ω7c), C16 :0 and C14 :0. Strain NE40T presents oxidase, catalase and β-galactosidase activities and can reduce nitrates to nitrites and degrade cellulose, chitin, agarose and xylan. Based on the polyphasic approach employed in this study, we propose the novel species name Endozoicomonas lisbonensis sp. nov. (type strain NE40T=DSM 118084T=UCCCB 212T).

A corrigendum of this article has been published full details can be found at 10.1099/ijsem.0.006740

A novel bacterial strain, MJW-29T, was isolated from tidal flat sediment in Gochang, Republic of Korea. The isolate is Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, gliding motile and short rods. The strain MJW-29T is oxidase and catalase positive. Growth is observed at 25–40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 5–9 (optimum, pH 7.0) in the presence of 0–9% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 5.0% NaCl). The 16S rRNA gene sequence identity analysis showed that the strain MJW-29T is closely associated with Tateyamaria armeniaca KMU-156T (97.2%), Sulfitobacter alexandrii AM1-D1T (97.2%), Sulfitobacter sediminilitoris JBTF-M27T (97.0%) and Thalassovita litoraria KU5D5T (96.9%) from the family Roseobacteraceae. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. The major cellular fatty acids of type strain MJW-29T were C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c (64.5%). The genome length of the type strain MJW-29T is 4.9 Mbp (DNA G+C content, 62.1 mol%). It has 4638 coding genes and 43 tRNAs. The average aa identity values; average nt identity values; and biochemical, phylogenetic and physiological characteristics support the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain MJW-29T from other members of the genus Sulfitobacter. The strain MJW-29T represents a novel species of the genus Sulfitobacter in the family Roseobacteraceae, for which the name Sulfitobacter sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MJW-29T (=KCTC 8634T=KEMB 20189T=JCM 37145T).

Eight Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and motile strains (BYS78WT, BYS87WT, BYS96WT, BYS180WT, DC23WT, DXS20WT, LKC17WT and LYH14WT) were isolated from streams in China and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the species of genus Pelomonas. The calculated average nucleotide identity, digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average amino acid sequence identity values among these eight strains and other closely related strains were less than 89.8, 39.1 and 89.4 %, respectively, indicating that each of the eight strains should represent an independent novel species. The further reconstructed phylogenomic tree showed that seven isolated strains clustered closely with the Pelomonas strains. Only strain BYS180WT clustered with the Roseateles strains. The phylogenomic tree also showed that the taxonomic status of the recently published species (Paucibacter sediminis, Roseateles aquae, ‘Roseateles caseinilyticus’, ‘Roseateles cellulosilyticus’, Roseateles subflavus and Roseateles violae) was questionable. ‘R. caseinilyticus’ and ‘R. cellulosilyticus’ should be reassigned to the genus Pelomonas as Pelomonas caseinilytica P7T (=KACC 22504T=TBRC 15694T) and Pelomonas cellulosilytica P8T (=KACC 22505T=TBRC 15695T), respectively. P. sediminis, R. aquae, R. subflavus and R. violae should be reassigned to the genus Kinneretia as Kinneretia sediminis, Kinneretia aquae, Kinneretia subflava and Kinneretia violae, respectively. Combining the above descriptions, strains BYS78WT, BYS87WT, BYS96WT, DC23WT, DXS20WT, LKC17WT and LYH14WT should represent seven novel species of the genus Pelomonas, for which the names Pelomonas baiyunensis sp. nov. (type strain BYS87WT=GDMCC 1.4090T=KCTC 8151T), Pelomonas candidula sp. nov. (type strain BYS78WT=GDMCC 1.4089T=KCTC 8152T), Pelomonas dachongensis sp. nov. (type strain DC23WT=GDMCC 1.4087T=KCTC 8148T), Pelomonas lactea sp. nov. (type strain DXS20WT=GDMCC 1.4088T=KCTC 8147T), Pelomonas margarita sp. nov. (type strain LKC17WT=GDMCC 1.4086T=KCTC 8146T), Pelomonas nitida sp. nov. (type strain BYS96WT=GDMCC 1.4091T=KCTC 8150T) and Pelomonas parva sp. nov. (type strain LYH14WT=GDMCC 1.4276T=KCTC 8301T) are proposed, respectively. Strain BYS180WT should represent a novel species of the genus Roseateles, for which the name Roseateles rivi sp. nov. (type strain BYS180WT=GDMCC 1.4098T=KCTC 8149T) is proposed.

Several Cupriavidus and Burkholderia strains from the north of Mexico were isolated during the description of Cupriavidus strains. Cupriavidus alkaliphilus, Cupriavidus plantarum and Cupriavidus agave were later described as novel species. Next, the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project retrieved the genome sequences of several strains from the above species. Standard comparative genomic analysis showed that C. alkaliphilus MLR2-44 was taxonomically misclassified. This strain, isolated from the Zea mays rhizosphere, was analysed by average nucleotide identity (ANI), revealing that Cupriavidus nantongensis was the closest species (95.6%). However, the digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) resulted in values lower than 68% for any type strain of Cupriavidus species. Moreover, it was also found that Cupriavidus taiwanensis LMG 19430, isolated from Mimosa diplotricha root nodules, was closer to strain MLR2-44T (99.9% ANI and 99.8% dDDH), instead of being associated with the type strain of C. taiwanensis LMG 19424T (94.4% ANI and 54.6% dDDH), thus making strains MLR2-44T and LMG 19430 a single genomic species. Accordingly, the polyphasic analysis showed that these strains represent a new species; therefore, we propose that strains MLR2-44T (=CDBB B-2066T=TSD-312T) and LMG 19430 encompass a novel Cupriavidus species with the name of Cupriavidus phytorum sp. nov.

Two bacteria, designated strain M1R2S20T and RD2P27T, were isolated from rhizosphere soil and a root of Kalidium cuspidatum in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains M1R2S20T and RD2P27T were tightly clustered and both shared the highest 16S rRNA gene similarities (98.6 and 98.5 %) to Novosphingobium fluoreni ACCC 19180T and less than 97.8% similarities with all other current type strains. Values of the digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH), the average nucleotide identity based on the blast method (ANIb) and the average amino acid identity (AAI) of the two strains and their closely related species were 32.2, 79.0, and 84.5%, which were lower than the threshold values (70% for dDDH, 95% for ANIb and 95% for AAI). The major fatty acids of strains M1R2S20T and RD2P27T were C18 : 1  ω7c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1  ω6c and/or C16 : 1  ω7c). The only quinone was ubiquinone-10. Spermidine was the predominant polyamine. The genomic DNA G+C contents for strain M1R2S20T and RD2P27T were 62.4 and 62.7%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic results supported that strains M1R2S20T and RD2P27T could be identified as two novel species within the genus Novosphingobium, for which the name Novosphingobium rhizovicinum sp. nov. and Novosphingobium kalidii sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are N. rhizovicinum M1R2S20T (=CGMCC 1.62060T=KCTC 8106T) and N. kalidii RD2P27T (=CGMCC 1.62131T=KCTC 8107T).

Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated HL-TH1T and HL-TH5, were isolated from deep seawater (1127 m depth) of the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strains HL-TH1T and HL-TH5 were members of the genus Qipengyuania with close relatives Qipengyuania aerophila GH25T (99.3%), Qipengyuania pacifica NZ-96T (99.3%), Qipengyuania profundimaris G39T (99.1%) and Qipengyuania citrea RE35F/1T (98.8%). The complete genome sequences of strains HL-TH1T and HL-TH5 comprised a chromosome of 3.2 Mbp and a plasmid of 0.1 Mbp, with DNA G+C content of 64.1%. The whole genome-based comparisons using the average nt identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values revealed that both strains belonged to the same genomic species but were clearly discriminated (79.4–85.8% and 21.9–29.3%, respectively) from their close relatives in the genus Qipengyuania. Both strains showed optimal growth at 30 °C, pH 6.5–7.0 and 1.5–2.5% sea salts. The major fatty acids of both strains were C18:1  ω6c and/or C18:1  ω7c (37.8–38.4%), C17:1  ω6c (18.1–19.7%) and C16:1  ω6c and/or C16:1  ω7c (12.3–16.7%). The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and two unidentified lipids. Hence, we propose that strains HL-TH1T and HL-TH5 are assigned to a novel species belonging to the genus Qipengyuania, for which the name Qipengyuania profunda sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HL-TH1T (=KCCM 90517T=JCM 36585T). In addition, Q. aerophila GH25T and Q. pacifica NZ-96T were found to be the same species based on a polyphasic approach. Therefore, we propose the reclassification of Q. aerophila as a later heterotypic synonym of Q. pacifica.

The intertidal zone is an area located between the marine environment and the terrestrial environment and is exposed to various stresses. To investigate the mutualistic relationship between hosts and symbiotic micro-organisms inhabiting the intertidal zone, strains 2305UL8-3T and 2305UL8-7T were isolated from Reishia bronni, a species living in the intertidal zone of Ulleungdo Island, South Korea. Both strains are Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive and facultatively anaerobic. Strains 2305UL8-3T and 2305UL8-7T grow optimally at 30.0 °C and 28.0–30.0 °C, respectively, under conditions of pH 8.0 and 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. They have Q-10 as the primary quinone, and their common main fatty acids are C16:0 and summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c). Additionally, their primary polar lipids include phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. The two novel strains have an arsenic reduction pathway that reduces the oxidation state of arsenic and are expected to influence environmental regulation processes through the catabolic sulphate reduction system. Based on these characteristics, they exhibit resistance potential to environmental stresses, specifically arsenic exposure in the intertidal zone, where arsenic contamination is often associated with pollution and tidal fluctuations. Analysing the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain 2305UL8-3T shared 96.60 % similarity with Roseovarius faecimaris MME-070T, while strain 2305UL8-7T showed 98.13 % similarity with Aliiroseovarius sediminilitoris M-M10T. Polyphasic analysis revealed that strains 2305UL8-3T and 2305UL8-7T should be identified as novel species within the genera Roseovarius and Aliiroseovarius, respectively. Therefore, Roseovarius conchicola sp. nov. with the type strain 2305UL8-3T (=KCTC 8475T=MCCC 1K09523T=JCM 37202T) and Aliiroseovarius conchicola sp. nov. with the type strain 2305UL8-7T (=KCTC 8476T=MCCC 1K09524T=JCM 37203T) are proposed.

Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Aureimonas, utilizing both 16S rRNA gene sequences and comprehensive whole-genome data, revealed its polyphyletic nature, necessitating a revision to accommodate phylogenetically distinct species. Based on established threshold values for genus demarcation – specifically, 16S rRNA gene similarity, Average Amino Acid Identity and Percentage of Conserved Proteins – a notably substantial divergence was observed within the genus Aureimonas, and the division of Aureimonas into four distinct genera is strongly supported. To address this, we propose the establishment of four new genera: Dennerimonas gen. nov., Mesocryomonas gen. nov., Rathsackimonas gen. nov. and Plantimonas gen. nov. These classifications accommodate species that are significantly divergent from the type species of Aureimonas, thereby more accurately reflecting their distinct evolutionary lineages. Additionally, Aureimonas glaciistagni is proposed to be reclassified within the genus Jiella as Jiella glaciistagni comb. nov. based on phylogenetic evidence indicating a closer evolutionary relationship to Jiella species than to other members of Aureimonas. Our analysis, which included assessments of 16S rRNA gene similarity, Average Nucleotide Identity, and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values exceeding species delineation thresholds, further supports the reclassification of Jeongeupella Jiang et al. 2024 as a later heterotypic synonym of Antarcticirhabdus Du et al. 2023.

A novel bacterial species, designated FBL11T, was isolated from salted shrimp jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented food sampled in the Republic of Korea. This strain showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Psychrobacter halodurans strain F2608T (NR_181578.1) at 98.3%. The genome size of strain FBL11T was 3,294,493 bp with a G+C content of 42.5 mol%. Computation of relatedness indicates that strain FBL11T shares the highest relatedness of 78.5% with Psychrobacter fulvigenes strain KC-40T (NZ_CAJGZP01) and 25.2% with Psychrobacter piechaudii strain CIP110854T (NZ_FUGE01), with values clearly below the cut-offs for species distinction. Polyphasic characterization using biochemical tests and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS analysis confirmed these findings. Strain FBL11T grew at 10–30 °C (optimum, 20–30 °C) with 0–15% NaCl (w/v; optimum, 3–6%). Analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for secondary metabolite production revealed that strain FBL11T generates unique products such as beta-lactone and redox-cofactors within this genus. Based on the genomic and phenotypic data obtained, we propose that strain FBL11T represents a novel species, for which we propose the name Psychrobacter saeujeotis sp. nov. (type strain FBL11T=KACC 23745T=KCTC 8655T=JCM 37231T).

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated MK-3T, was isolated from shallow seawater in Gochang, Republic of Korea. Growth of strain MK-3T occurred at 15–40 °C (30 °C), pH 6.0–7.0 (pH 7.0) and in the presence of 2–3 % NaCl (2%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain MK-3T within the family Roseobacteraceae. It exhibited sequence similarities of 95.7% with Salipiger marinus CK-I3-6T, Salipiger aestuarii DSM 22011T and Salipiger pentaromativorans P9T; 95.4% with Ruegeria alba 1NDH52CT, Salipiger manganoxidans VSW210T and Salipiger thiooxidans DSM 10146T; 95.3% with Marivivens donghaensis AM-4T and Histidinibacterium lentulum B17T; and 95.2% with Marivivens geojensis FJ12T. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses consistently demonstrated that strain MK-3T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Marivivens, clustering with its closest relatives. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1  ω7c/C18 : 1  ω6c, C18 : 1  ω7c 11-methyl and C16 : 0. The genome length of strain MK-3T was 3.3 Mbp, and the DNA G+C content was 62.8 mol%. The strain contained Q-10 as the major ubiquinone. The polar lipids consisted of three phosphatidylinositol mannosides and a diphosphatidylglycerol. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic characteristics, strain MK-3T represents a novel species in the genus Marivivens, for which the name Marivivens marinum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MK-3T (=KEMB 21417T=KCTC 8294T=JCM 36630T).

A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize a previously isolated plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas strain designated as NT2T and a Pseudomonas strain designated as TKP (JCM 19688), both of which were found to manipulate plant stomatal immunity. Both strains shared 100% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. Phylogenetic trees based on single and concatenated sequences of the housekeeping genes gyrB, rpoB, rpoD and 16S rRNA, as well as whole-genome sequences, clustered NT2T and TKP together, clearly separated from the closest Pseudomonas spp., which belonged to the Pseudomonas fluorescens complex. NT2T showed average nucleotide identities (ANIs) of 87.8% (ANIb) and 89.9% (ANIm) and a 37.4% digital DNA–DNA hybridization score with Pseudomonas grimontii DSM 17515T, the species with the highest genome sequence similarity. On the contrary, the comparison between NT2T and TKP showed very high ANI (ANIb=99.67, ANIm=99.93) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization scores (98.90%). NT2T and TKP differed from closely related species in relation to arginine dihydrolase activity, aesculin and gelatin hydrolysis, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, maltose, adipate, phenylacetate, p-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid, Tween 40, glycyl-l-proline, d-maltose, d-galactonic acid lactone, α-hydroxy butyric acid, myo-inositol, sucrose, l-histidine, d-malic acid, l-rhamnose and acetic acid assimilation, NaCl-tolerance range and pyocyanin production (fluorescence on King A medium). The major fatty acids in NT2T and TKP were C16 : 0, C16 : 1  ω7t and C18 : 1  ω7c . The results of this polyphasic study allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of NT2T and TKP from the closest Pseudomonas and confirmed that these strains represent a novel species, for which the name Pseudomonas gorinensis sp. nov. is proposed with NT2T (DSM 114757T=LMG 32751T) as the type strain.

Four yeast strains belonging to the ascomycetous yeast genus Ascoidea were isolated from the mixture of remnants of steamed sorghum, Daqu powder and the fermented grain that fell off during transportation on the ground in the workshop which were collected in Xinghuacun Fenjiu old workshop, Shanxi province, PR China. We propose the name Ascoidea xinghuacunensis sp. nov. (holotype: strain CGMCC 2.7787) for the new species, which differs phenotypically from the other three species in this genus: Ascoidea asiatica, Ascoidea rubescens and Ascoidea tarda by its ability to grow at 37 °C. This study represents the first isolation of Ascoidea species within the borders of China and the initial report of the Ascoidea species detailing the isolation from the Baijiu brewing environment.

Six yeast strains, representing a novel anamorphic species of the genus Rhodotorula, were investigated in this study. Among them, three strains, SU21, SU16 and SU14, were obtained from three different fruiting bodies of wild mushrooms in Thailand. One strain (ISM36-1) was isolated from soil in Japan, and two strains were isolated from soil (14Y315) and leaf litter (Y15Kr055) collected in Indonesia. Analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions showed that the six strains were identical or differed by only one nt substitution in both the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene and the ITS regions. Rhodotorula paludigena CBS 6566T was the most closely related species but with 23–24 nt substitutions in the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene and 38–39 nt substitutions in the ITS regions. Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of the ITS regions and D1/D2 domain showed that these strains represent a single species of the Rhodotorula clade that is distinct from other recognized species of the genus. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics, these six strains were assigned to a novel species of the genus Rhodotorula, although sexual reproduction was not observed. The name, Rhodotorula tropicalis sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate the six strains. The holotype is TBRC 14874T and the ex-type culture is PYCC 8913 (=SU21). The MycoBank number of the novel species is MB 856795.

Five yeast isolates belonging to a candidate for novel species were obtained from rotting wood and the gut of a passalid beetle larva in a site of Amazonian rainforest biome in Brazil. Sequence analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)-5.8S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Vanderwaltozyma. The closest relative of the novel species is Vanderwaltozyma huisunica. These species differs due to 44 nt substitutions and 21 indels in the sequences of the ITS region, as well as by 15 substitutions and four indels in the sequences of the D1/D2 domains. A phylogenomic analysis of the Vanderwaltozyma species with genomes sequenced showed that this novel species is an outgroup to the other species of this genus. We propose the name Vanderwaltozyma urihicola sp. nov. (CBS 18107T, MycoBank MB 856975) to accommodate these isolates. The species is homothallic, producing one to two ascospores per ascus. The habitat of V. urihicola is rotting wood in the Brazilian Amazonian rainforest biome.

We report on the isolation and characterization of three isolates of anaerobic gut fungi from a cattle faecal sample obtained in Stillwater, OK, USA. The isolates produced polycentric thalli with nucleated rhizomycelia, lobed appressorium-like structures, intercalary sporangia and constricted sausage-like hyphae. These morphological features are characteristic of members of the genus Anaeromyces. No zoospore production was observed during the isolation process or thereafter. The strains seemed to have propagated solely through their nucleated hyphae post initial enrichment. Phylogenetic analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large ribosomal subunit (D1/D2 LSU) rRNA, the ribosomal intergenic spacer region 1 (ITS1), RNA polymerase II large subunit (RPB1) and comparative average amino acid identity using transcriptomic datasets further confirmed the position of the type strain as a distinct member of the genus Anaeromyces, family Anaeromycetaceae and phylum Neocallimastigomycota. We propose to accommodate these isolates into a new species (Anaeromyces corallioides) within the genus Anaeromyces. The type strain is EE.1.

A previous investigation of symbiotic yeasts associated with the stag beetle Prosopocoilus astacoides blanchardi isolated strains of the genus Scheffersomyces from the cocoon walls, larval midgut, larval hindgut and larval tunnels. Phylogenetic analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene sequences revealed identical sequences, indicating that they belonged to the same species, but suggested that the species was new. In this study, sequence analysis and physiological characterization identified a representative strain of these beetle-associated yeasts as a novel species in the genus Scheffersomyces. The sequence similarities of the concatenated LSU domains and internal transcribed spacer regions indicated that strain BCRC 23563T forms a well-supported and distinct species in the xylose-fermenting Scheffersomyces subclade, with the sequences for each gene differing in nt substitutions from those of previously described related species by at least 1.06% and 2.7% respectively. The physiological characteristics of the novel species were also distinct from those of the closely related described species, though it could still process xylose as is expected of stag beetle-associated Scheffersomyces symbionts. Based on the data, a novel yeast species, Scheffersomyces tanahashii sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate this strain. The holotype is BCRC 23563T (ex-type strains NBRC 116731 and NCYC 4470). The MycoBank accession number is 857608.

Allium wallichii is a perennial herbaceous plant with high genetic diversity, which is mainly distributed in the southwest of Yunnan. During our investigation of the diversity of seed endophytic fungi of A. wallichii, 157 strains of fungi were isolated; among them, 50 strains were identified as Cladosporium spp. based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Then, two additional loci, tef1-α and act, were sequenced for all strains of Cladosporium. Based on combined ITS, tef1-α and act sequence analyses, these strains were further identified to species level, including 15 known species and a new, so far undescribed, species. Based on combined morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, one new species is introduced under the name Cladosporium allii-wallichii. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and phylogenetic analyses of the new species are provided in this study.

A taxonomic study was conducted on four bacterial strains isolated from the soil of a coking plant. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the four strains belonged to three families: Comamonadaceae, Micrococcaceae and Roseiarcaceae. Identification of the 16S rRNA gene exhibited that their sequence similarities were between 94.96 and 98.98% when compared to known and validly nominated species. Their genomes ranged from 3.4 to 7.2 Mb, with DNA G+C molar contents varying from 62.3 to 67.2%. The average nucleotide identities ranged from 71.4 to 92.3%, and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values were 19.7–47.0% when comparing them with closely related type species, supporting the classification of these four strains. Functional analysis demonstrated that strain H3Y2-7T was robustly resistant to chromate (VI) and arsenite (III) and was able to grow on aromatic compounds including naphthalene as carbon sources even in the presence of chromate (VI). These features reflect its ability to treat combined pollutants and adapt to a polluted environment. Based on the analysis of polyphasic taxonomy, we propose the four bacterial strains representing novel species, namely Curvibacter soli sp. nov. (type strain H39-3-26T=JCM 36178T=CGMCC 1.61344T), Extensimonas soli sp. nov. (type strain H3M7-6T=JCM 36176T=CGMCC 1.61336T), Pseudarthrobacter naphthalenicus sp. nov. (type strain H3Y2-7T=JCM 36482T=CGMCC 1.61323T) and Terripilifer ovatus gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain H3SJ34-1T=JCM 36465T=CGMCC 1.61333T).