- Volume 75, Issue 3, 2025

Two novel actinobacteria strains, HUAS MG47T and HUAS YS2T, were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera and Cathaya argyrophylla collected from Changde City, Hunan Province, China. These two strains could form rectiflexible spore chains consisting of short cylindrical spores with smooth surfaces, suggesting that they had typical characteristics of the genus Streptomyces. The cell wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as a diagnostic amino acid. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9 (H6), MK-9 (H8) and MK-9 (H4). The genome sizes of HUAS MG47T and HUAS YS2T were 7.35 and 7.88 Mbp with a G+C content of 72.3 and 72.0 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and five housekeeping gene sequences (atpD, gyrB, recA, rpoB and trpB) indicated that strains HUAS MG47T and HUAS YS2T formed an evolutionary lineage with Streptomyces tritici CGMCC 4.7393T. However, the values of multilocus sequence analysis evolutionary distance, average nucleotide identity and DNA–DNA hybridization between these two strains and their closely related relatives indicated that they were clearly different from other known Streptomyces species. Consequently, based on the polyphasic taxonomic study, HUAS MG47T and HUAS YS2T represent two novel Streptomyces species for which the names Streptomyces solicamelliae sp. nov. (HUAS MG47T=MCCC 1K09365T=JCM 37293T) and Streptomyces solicathayae sp. nov. (HUAS YS2T=MCCC 1K08940T=JCM 36737T) are proposed, respectively.

Two Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped strains (ASV49T and ASV81T) were isolated from a waste landfill in Shanghai, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains are associated with members of the genus Microbacterium. Strains ASV49T and ASV81T were most closely related to Microbacterium rhizosphaerae JCM 31396T and Microbacterium bovistercoris CCTCC AA 2018025T with 98.5 and 98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains ASV49T and ASV81T were 69.5 and 70.5 mol %, respectively. Strains ASV49T and ASV81T exhibited the highest average nucleotide identity values of 81.7 and 85.3% against their closest relatives Microbacterium xylanilyticum JCM 13591T and M. rhizosphaerae JCM 31396T, respectively. Corresponding digital DNA–DNA hybridization values were 25.1 and 30.9%, respectively. Strains ASV49T and ASV81T grew optimally at pH 7.0 and 28 °C on Reasoner’s 2A. Strain ASV81T produced capsules, but ASV49T did not. Both isolates shared the following chemotaxonomic characteristics in common: the major fatty acids of anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0; the respiratory quinones of MK-11, MK-12, MK-13 and MK-10; the polar lipids of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol; and the cell wall amino acids of ornithine, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. Based on the genomic, phenotypic and chemical characteristics, strains ASV49T and ASV81T represent two novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the names Microbacterium candidum sp. nov. and Microbacterium capsulatum sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are ASV49T (=GDMCC 1.4109T=JCM 36480T) and ASV81T (=GDMCC 1.4110T=JCM 36481T), respectively.

Streptomyces strains DSM 116494T and DSM 116496T were isolated from sediment samples of the River Oker in Braunschweig, Germany, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study and genome mining for specialized secondary metabolites. Phenotypic, genetic and genomic data confirmed the assignment of these strains to the Streptomyces genus. Pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between the strains and validly named Streptomyces species reached 99.5 and 99.7% for strains DSM 116494T and DSM 116496T, respectively. Genome-based phylogeny demonstrated that Streptomyces pilosus and Streptomyces griseoflavus species were the close relatives to strain DSM 116494T, while Streptomyces vinaceus species was the nearest neighbour to strain DSM 116496T. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity comparisons of the genomic sequence of the strains and their close phylogenomic relatives revealed that values were below the determined threshold of 70 and 95–96% for prokaryotic species demarcation, respectively. The strains were distinguished from their close neighbours based on biochemical, chemotaxonomic and enzymatic data. Given these results, the strains merit being affiliated to novel species within the genus Streptomyces, for which the names Streptomyces okerensis sp. nov. (=OG2.3T=DSM 116494T=KCTC 59408T) and Streptomyces stoeckheimensis sp. nov. (=OG3.14T=DSM 116496T=KCTC 59410T) are proposed. Strains DSM 116494T and DSM 116496T harboured several biosynthetic gene clusters encoding potentially novel antimicrobial and anticancer compounds. Crude extracts of strains DSM 116494T and DSM 116496T inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ΔtolC, Proteus vulgaris) and a multi-drug-resistant Gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus.

Strain HUAS MG31T was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera collected from Taoyuan County, China. This strain produced white substrate mycelium and hair brown aerial mycelium without diffusible pigment on the Gause’s synthetic No. 1 medium. Aerial mycelia differentiated into rectiflexible spore chains consisting of spherical or cylindrical spores with smooth surfaces. Cell wall peptidoglycan of strain HUAS MG31T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and whole-cell sugars were galactose and mannose. The menaquinones of strain HUAS MG31T were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4). The major cellular fatty acids consisted of Summed Feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1 ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, Summed Feature 3 (iso H-C16 : 1 /C16 : 1 ω6c) and cyclo C17 : 0. Sequence analysis based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene of strain HUAS MG31T showed that it shared highest sequence similarities to Kitasatospora paranensis HKI 0190T (99.5%) and Kitasatospora terrestris HKI 0186T (99.4%). The phylogenomic tree shows that strain HUAS MG31T forms an independent subclade, indicating that it might belong to a potential novel species. The results from phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HUAS MG31T was most closely related to K. paranensis HKI 0190T. However, the average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA–DNA hybridization between strain HUAS MG31T and K. paranensis JCM 13005T were 87.0 %/81.2% and 25.8 %, respectively, below the 95%–96% and 70 % threshold that defined a new species. Meanwhile, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characteristics and MALDI-TOF MS results further confirmed that strain HUAS MG31T was significantly different from K. paranensis JCM 13005T. Therefore, these results reveal that strain HUAS MG31T represents a novel species of the genus Kitasatospora, for which the name Kitasatospora camelliae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HUAS MG31T (=MCCC 1K09225T= JCM 37022T).

A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CBA3109T, was isolated from jogae-jeotgal (fermented clam), a traditional Korean fermented seafood. Strain CBA3109T showed growth at 10–30 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0–15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 5%). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CBA3109T belonged to the genus Brevibacterium, with the highest similarities to Brevibacterium aurantiacum NCDO 739T (98.26%) and B. antiquum VKM Ac-2118T (98.14%). Strain CBA3109T contained MK-8(H2) as the major menaquinone. The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C15 :  0 and anteiso-C17 :  0. The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain CBA3109T and the closest species were 86.2–87.0% and 31.1–33.0 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain CBA3109T was 62.7%. Based on the morphological, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain CBA3109T represents a novel species of the genus Brevibacterium, for which the name Brevibacterium koreense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CBA3109T (= KACC 23387T = DSM 117564T).

We here describe a novel, Gram-stain positive, catalase positive and oxidase negative bacterium isolated from pyothorax samples of cats. The four described strains 14KM1171, 17KM0085, 22MD1345 and 22MD1512T have a genome size of 2.35–2.40 Mb and a DNA G+C content of 68.3–68.4 mol%. They are genetically most closely related to Buchananella hordeovulneris with a 16S rRNA similarity of 96.9%, digital DNA–DNA hybridization value of 15% and an average nucleotide identity of 73.5%, all clearly below the species threshold. The major cellular fatty acids (C16:0, C15:0 anteiso and C14:0) are the same as in B. hordeovulneris supporting classification in that genus. We therefore propose that our isolates represent a novel species with the name Buchananella felis sp. nov. with type strain 22MD1512T (=CCOS 2118T=DSM 117562T).

In this study, we describe a novel rapid-growing Mycobacterium species isolated from a clinical specimen obtained from the lower respiratory tract of a patient with ciliary dysfunction, bronchiectasis and exacerbated respiratory symptoms. A comprehensive phenotypic characterization was conducted, including the establishment of a MALDI-TOF MS profile. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing was performed to assess overall genomic relatedness indices and conduct phylogenetic comparative analyses. These findings allowed us to characterize a previously unrecognized rapid-growing Mycobacterium species, for which we propose the name Mycobacterium servetii (=DSM 118141; =CECT 31091).

A novel actinomycete strain, designated Pv 4-285T, was isolated from rhizosphere sample collected from Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens growing in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, Crimea, Ukraine. The strain Pv 4-285 T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Mumia xiangluensis NEAU-KD1T. The genome size was 4.6 Mbp with a DNA G+C content of 70.43%. The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile and aerobic. Cells were observed to be irregularly rod-shaped. Pv 4-285T was able to grow at 20–37 °C and at pH 6.0–9.0 and in the presence of up to 6% (w/v) NaCl. The predominant menaquinone was detected as MK-9(H4). The polar lipid profile of strain Pv 4-285T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and phosphatidylinositol. Pv 4–285 contained C16:0, С18:1 ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0, C17:0. While galactose, mannose and xylose were detected in strain Pv 4-285T as the whole-cell sugars. Based on these differences, strain Pv 4-285T (=DSM 118545T =LMG 33743T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Mumia, for which the name Mumia qirimensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Enrichment cultures of archaea and bacteria performing the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) regularly contain persistent methanogens. Here, we isolated the marine methanogen Methanococcoides cohabitans sp. nov. strain LMO-2T from a long-term AOM enrichment culture from the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Strain LMO-2T is Gram-stain-negative, irregular 0.5–1 µm coccus without flagella. It utilizes a variety of methylated compounds including methanol, monomethylamine, dimethylamine and trimethylamine for growth and methanogenesis. However, it does not grow on formate, acetate, dimethyl sulphate, H2/CO2, betaine and choline. The optimal conditions for growth were observed within a temperature range of 30–35 °C, a pH range of 7.0–8.0 and a salinity range of 2–4% NaCl. Based on the similarity and phylogeny of the 16S rRNA gene and genomic sequence, strain LMO-2T is classified within the genus Methanococcoides. Among the isolated type strains of the genus, strain LMO-2T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Methanococcoides vulcani SLH33T (99.4%). The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity based on genome sequence showed that strain LMO-2T shared the highest similarity with Methanococcoides orientis LMO-1T, with values of 27.3% and 83.4%, respectively. In conclusion, we isolated a methylotrophic methanogen from an AOM culture, and the isolated strain LMO-2T represented a novel species of the genus Methanococcoides, for which the name Methanococcoides cohabitans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LMO-2T (=CGMCC 1.18051T=KCTC 25774T).

An anaerobic isolate, designated me31T, was isolated from pit mud in Yibin, Sichuan Province, PR China. Phylogenetic results based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain me31T belongs to the family Dysgonomonadaceae, and the most closely related isolated relatives were Seramator thermalis SYSU GA16112T (93.65%) and Proteiniphilum propionicum JNU-WLY501T (93.22%). The DNA G+C content was 44.26 mol%. The ANI and AAI values between strain me31T and the closely related strains were 69.25–71.18% and 69.59–71.15%, respectively. Cells of strain me31T were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile. Growth of strain me31T was observed at 25–37 °C, pH 6.0–8.0 and a salt tolerance range of 0–1.0% (w/v). The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C17 : 0 2OH. The polar lipids of strain me31T were found to consist of phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified phosphoglycolipids, one unidentified phosphoglycolipid, one unidentified lipid, two unidentified glycolipids and one aminophosphoglycolipid. According to the results of morphological, physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, genotypic and phylogenetic analysis, strain me31T represents a novel species of a novel genus of the family Dysgonomonadaceae, for which the name Limibacterium fermenti gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is me31T (=GDMCC 1.4237T=KCTC 25756T=WMCC 10035T).

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, non-flagellated, motile by gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated SM2212T, was isolated from intertidal sediment of Aoshan Bay in Qingdao, China. The strain grew at 5–35 °C and with 0.5–5.5% NaCl (w/v). It was able to reduce nitrate to nitrite and hydrolyse starch, gelatin and DNA. The phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA genes and single-copy genes showed that strain SM2212T belonged to the genus Christiangramia within the family Flavobacteriaceae, sharing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Christiangramia echinicola (97.1%) and 96.2–97.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with those of other known species in the genus. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7с and/or C16:1 ω6с), iso-C15:0, iso-C17: 03-OH, summed feature 9 (iso-C17:1  ω9c and/or 10-methyl C16:0) and C16:0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SM2212T was 37.0 mol%. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain SM2212T and type strains of closely related known Christiangramia species were below 22.2 and 79.7%, respectively. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic analysis in this study, strain SM2212T is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Christiangramia, for which the name Christiangramia sediminicola is proposed. The type strain is SM2212T (=KCTC 92980T=MCCC 1K07684T).

Understanding the characteristics of microbes during long-term space missions is essential for safeguarding the health of astronauts and maintaining the functionality of spacecraft. In this study, a Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped strain JL1B1071T was isolated from the surface of hardware on the China Space Station. This strain belongs to the genus Niallia, with its closest relative being Niallia circulans ATCC 4513T. The genome of JL1B1071T is 5 166 230 bp in size, with a G+C content of 35.6 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between JL1B1071T and N. circulans ATCC 4513T are 83.3 and 27.5%, respectively, both below the recommended thresholds for species delineation. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. The major quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). Notably, strain JL1B1071T demonstrates a unique ability to hydrolyse gelatin, suggesting that it can utilize gelatin as a substrate in nutrient-limited environments. Genomic analysis of JL1B1071T revealed two conserved signature indels in the GAF domain-containing protein and DNA ligase D protein, which are specific to the genus Niallia. Additionally, structural and functional differences in proteins BshB1 and SplA were identified, which may enhance biofilm formation, oxidative stress response and radiation damage repair, thereby aiding its survival in the space environment. Based on phenotypic, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as genome annotation, strain JL1B1071T was considered a novel species within the genus Niallia and is proposed to be named Niallia tiangongensis sp. nov. The type strain is JL1B1071T (=GDMCC 1.4642=KCTC 43715).

The commensal species Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus oralis are genetically diverse to a degree that challenges traditional definitions of species. This causes automatic identification based on DNA sequences or cellular extract profiles problematic. Based on an initial analysis of 266 genomes, we subjected a subset of 100 representative genomes to detailed phylogenetic, pairwise distance and gene pattern analyses. S. mitis and S. oralis constitute a continuum of clones that are genetically unique. To recognize most isolates as separate species is biologically and practically meaningless. We recommend bending the proposed similarity borders to accommodate the biological reality. Accordingly, we conclude that Streptococcus toyakuensis, Streptococcus chosunensis, Streptococcus gwangjuensis, Streptococcus humanilactis and Streptococcus hohhotensis are later heterotypic synonyms of S. mitis. Type strains of effectively but not validly published ‘Streptococcus shenyangsis’, ‘Streptococcus symci’ and ‘Streptococcus vulneris’ belong in S. mitis. Streptococcus parapneumoniae and Streptococcus nakanonensis are later synonyms of Streptococcus thalassemiae. Streptococcus downii is a later synonym of Streptococcus oralis subsp. dentisani, and the type of ‘Streptococcus halitosis’ belongs in Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus. The genome sequence of the type of the recently proposed ‘Streptococcus bouchesdurhonensis’ is based on a mixed culture. Phylogenetic results and the pattern of presence/absence of accessory genes support the distinction of two subspecies of S. mitis, i.e. Sreptococcus mitis subsp. mitis subsp. nov. (type strain is NCTC 12261T) and Sreptococcus mitis subsp. carlssonii subsp. nov. (type strain is SK608=CCUG 55085T=LMG 33510T). The special population structure of the Streptococcus mitis–pneumoniae–pseudopneumoniae–thalassemiae complex renders automated classification of isolates based on average nucleotide identity or digital DNA–DNA hybridization values problematic. As an alternative, for initial taxonomic assignment, we present a whole-genome phylogeny-based method that enables phylogenetic comparison of new isolates in the context of a set of 117 well-characterized reference strains assigned to the Mitis/Sanguinis group.

Two facultatively aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, endophytic bacteria, designated SGZ-1009T and SGZ-1014, were isolated from the plant Pennisetum sp. Strain SGZ-1009T grew at 5–50 °C, pH 4.5–11.0 and tolerated up to 4.5% NaCl (w/v), while strain SGZ-1014 exhibited growth at a temperature range of 10–50 °C, pH range 4.5–11.0 and tolerated up to 4.5% NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these two strains belong to the genus Paenibacillus, closely related to the reference type strain of Paenibacillus wenxiniae DSM 100576T (similarity of 97.0%). The genomic relatedness values for both strains, SGZ-1009T and SGZ-1014, compared to their closest reference strain P. wenxiniae DSM 100576T, were 81.6% for average nucleotide identity and 26.0% for digital DNA–DNA hybridization, suggesting strain SGZ-1009T represents a novel species. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SGZ-1009T was 46.4%. Both strains shared anteiso-C15:0 (55.9%) as the predominant fatty acid, menaquinone-7 as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipids. Based on these results, strains SGZ-1009T and SGZ-1014 represent a novel species of Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus campi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SGZ-1009T (=MCCC 1K08892T=GDMCC 1.4280T=KCTC 43677T=JCM 36670T).

The sourdough isolates FUA3702, FUA3912 and FUA3913T, as well as FUA3695T and FUA3914, could not be identified to known species of the Lactobacillaceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of FUA3702 and FUA3913, FUA3695 and FUA3914 were>99% identical to Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis and Levilactobacillus lanxiensis, respectively. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of strain FUA3913T when compared to Fl. sanfranciscensis were 83.67 and 26.60%, respectively. In addition, strains FUA3702, FUA3912 and FUA3913T produce different levels of a yellow C30 carotenoid, but pigmentation has not been described in Fl. sanfranciscensis. The ANI and dDDH values of FUA3695T and FUA3914 when compared to Lv. langxiensis were 95.22 and 61.20%, respectively. In addition, FUA3695 and FUA3914 convert lactate to 1,2-propanediol and further to propionate. The conversion of lactate to propionate by a single strain has not been documented for any of the species in the Lactobacillaceae. Based on the genomic and physiological characteristics, we proposed the novel species Fructilactobacillus frigidiflavus sp. nov. FUA3913T (=DSM 118650T=LMG 33758T) and Levilactobacillus lettrarii sp. nov. FUA3695T (=DSM 118651T=LMG 33759T).

Ureaplasma sp. (OM1T, OM4 and OM7) novel strains were isolated from the gastric fluid of a spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata). These strains were phenotypically and genotypically characterized, and compared with known species of the genus Ureaplasma. All isolated strains hydrolysed urea and metabolized arginine, but did not produce acid from glucose. All strains were propagated using pleuropneumonia-like organisms medium supplemented with serum and urea under aerobic and anaerobic atmospheric conditions at 37 °C. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a typical mollicute cellular morphology. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the most closely related, validly named type strain was Ureaplasma gallorale ATCC 43346T (89.4% similarity). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values among strain OM1T and closely related species were lower than the accepted thresholds for describing novel prokaryotic species at the genomic level. Based on the genomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic properties, the strains represent a novel species of the genus Ureaplasma, for which the name Ureaplasma ceti sp. nov. with type strain OM1T (=DSM 116106T=JCM 39153T) is proposed. The genomic G+C content and draft genome sizes of the type strain were 31.7% and 889 711 bp, respectively.

Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain 2208YS6-2-32T, was isolated from a marine invertebrate, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) edulis collected by trawl in the south coastal sea of the Republic of Korea. The cells were motile, short-rod, non-spore-forming and contained carotenoid pigments. Catalase and oxidase activities were positive. According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequence determined that strain 2208YS6-2-32T belongs to the novel Fulvimarina species and shares the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity with Fulvimarina endophytica 85T (97.5%). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain 2208YS6-2-32T and Fulvimarina endophytica 85T were 78.3% and 21.9%, respectively. The DNA G+C content was 64.5%. Optimal growth of strain 2208YS6-2-32T was observed at 28 °C and pH 8 and in the presence of 1–3% (w/v) NaCl. Strain 2208YS6-2-32T contained ubiquinone-10 as the respiratory quinone, C18 : 1 ω7c (79.0%) and summed feature 3 (C16  :  1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c; 13.5%) as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid and seven unidentified lipids. Based on the results of the polyphasic approach, strain 2208YS6-2-32T represents a novel species of the genus Fulvimarina, for which the name Fulvimarina uroteuthidis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2208YS6-2-32T (=KACC 23586T=JCM 36703T).