- Volume 67, Issue 5, 2017
Volume 67, Issue 5, 2017
- Validation List no. 175
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- Notification List
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- New Taxa
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- Actinobacteria
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Nocardia xestospongiae sp. nov., isolated from a marine sponge in the Andaman Sea
More LessA marine sponge-derived actinomycete, strain ST01-07T, was isolated from Xestospongia sp. collected from the Andaman Sea. The strain was characterised taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. Mycolic acids that co-migrated with those from Nocardia araoensis NBRC 100135T were observed in whole-cell extracts. MK-8(H4 ω -cycl) was the predominant menaquinone. Major cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0. The diagnostic phospholipids in the cell consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain ST01-07T belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to N. araoensis IFM 0575T (98.71 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardia niwae W9241T (98.56 %), Nocardia beijingensis AS4.1521T (98.41 %) and Nocardia arthritidis IFM 10035T (98.36 %). In addition, low DNA–DNA relatedness values (13.6±0.1% to 40.1±0.6%) confirmed that strain ST01-07T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia xestospongiae sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is ST01-07T (=BCC 45622T=NBRC 109069T).
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Humibacter aquilariae sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from an agarwood chip
A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize a presumably novel bacterium, designated strain CC-YTH161T, isolated from an agarwood sample. Cells of strain CC-YTH161T were Gram-stain-positive aerobic rods, which grew at 20–40 °C, at pH 5.0–9.0 and with 0–5 % (w/v) NaCl. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-YTH161T appeared to belong to the genus Humibacter , and was closely related to Humibacter antri D7-27T (96.6 % similarity) and Humibacter ginsengiterrae DCY60T (96.2 %). The DNA G+C content was 67.0 mol% and the predominant quinone system was menaquinones (MK) 11 and 12. The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c. The polar lipid profile comprised predominant amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol followed by two unidentified co-migrating glycolipids and phosphatidylglycerol in significant amounts. The diagnostic diamino acid was 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. All these features confirmed the placement of strain CC-YTH161T within the genus Humibacter . On the basis of evidence from this study, strain CC-YTH161T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Humibacter , for which the name Humibacter aquilariae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-YTH161T (=BCRC 80936T=JCM 31199T).
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Subtercola lobariae sp. nov., an actinobacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera
More LessAn actinobacterium, designated strain 9583bT, was isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera collected from Jiaozi Snow Mountain, Yunnan Province, China. Cells of strain 9583bT were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The strain have a short rod-shaped, irregular morphology, and could grow at the temperature range of 4 to 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 9583bT belonged to the genus Subtercola in the family Microbacteriaceae , and shared highest sequence similarity with the type strains of Subtercola frigoramans and Subtercola boreus (96.8 and 95.6 %, respectively). The peptidoglycan type was B2γ, with diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The polar lipids comprised of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, five unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified phospholipids. The respiratory quinone was determined to be MK-10. While the major fatty acids (>5 %) of strain 9583bT were anteiso-C15 : 0, C14 : 0 2-OH and iso-C16 : 0, the 1,1-dimethoxy-alkanes included a-15 : 0 DMA, i-16 : 0 DMA, a-17 : 0 DMA and i-15 : 0 DMA. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 9583bT was 66.8 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data in this study, strain 9583bT represents a novel species of the genus S ubtercola , for which the name Subtercola lobariae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 9583bT (=CGMCC 1.12976T=DSM 103962T).
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Nocardioides phosphati sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a phosphate mine
A Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile strain, designated WYH11-7T, was isolated from a phosphate mine in Yunnan Province, PR China. The taxonomic position of WYH11-7T was investigated by polyphasic approaches. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that WYH11-7T represents a member of the genus Nocardioides . WYH11-7T was closely related to Nocardioidesjensenii DSM 20641T, Nocardioidesdubius DSM 19084T and Marmoricolaterrae DSM 27141T, and had pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.4, 97.2 and 97.0 %, respectively. DNA–DNA relatedness values between WYH11-7T and related type strains N. jensenii DSM 20641T and N. dubius DSM 19084T were found to be 17.6±4.9 and 14.6±3.1 %, respectively. The respiratory menaquinone of WYH11-7T was MK-8 (H4) while the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified phospholipids. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mannose, ribose, glucose and galactose along with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 71.2 mol%. Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain WYH11-7T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioidesphosphatisp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WYH11-7T (=CGMCC 4.7371T=DSM 104026T).
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Streptomyces lasiicapitis sp. nov., an actinomycete that produces kanchanamycin, isolated from the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus L.)
During a screening for novel and biotechnologically useful actinobacteria in insects, a kanchanamycin-producing actinomycete with antifungal activity, designated strain 3H-HV17(2)T, was isolated from the head of an ant (Lasius fuliginosus L.) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies showed that strain 3H-HV17(2)T belongs to the genus Streptomyces with the highest sequence similarities to Streptomyces spectabilis NBRC 13424T (98.90 %, with which it phylogenetically clustered, Streptomyces alboflavus NRRL B-2373T (98.65 %) and Streptomyces flavofungini NBRC 13371T (98.36 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the gyrB gene also supported the close relationship of these strains. The morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of the strain are also consistent with those members of the genus Streptomyces . A combination of DNA–DNA hybridization experiments and phenotypic tests were carried out between strain 3H-HV17(2)T and its phylogenetically closely related strains, which further clarified their relatedness and demonstrated that strain 3H-HV17(2)T could be distinguished from these strains. Therefore, strain 3H-HV17(2)T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces , for which the name Streptomyces lasiicapitis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3H-HV17(2)T (=CGMCC 4.7349T=DSM 103124T).
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Actinotalea caeni sp. nov., isolated from a sludge sample of a biofilm reactor
A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out on strain EBR-4-2T isolated from a biofilm reactor in Korea. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile and rod-shaped. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed the clear affiliation of this strain to the Actinobacteria , and it had the highest pairwise sequence similarities with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.7 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.3 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a clear phylogenetic lineage with the genus Actinotalea . The major fatty acids were identified as C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 N alcohol, C15 : 1 anteiso A and C15 : 0 iso. The major cellular polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylinositol and glycolipid. The peptidoglycan type was A4β containing l-Orn–d-Glu. The whole-cell-wall sugars were glucose and ribose. The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-10(H4), and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 74.8 mol %. Based on evidence from this polyphasic study, it is proposed that strain EBR-4–2T should be designated as representing a novel species named Actinotalea caeni sp. nov. The type stain is EBR-4-2T (=KCTC 33604T=JCM 30447T).
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Glutamicibacter halophytocola sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense
A novel actinobacterium, designated KLBMP 5180T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a coastal halophyte, Limonium sinense, collected from the city of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern China. The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and non-motile. The components of the cell-wall peptidoglycan were lysine, glutamic acid and alanine. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified lipids. anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of strain KLBMP 5180T was 60.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KLBMP 5180T belongs to the genus Glutamicibacter and was related most closely to Glutamicibacter nicotianae DSM 20123T (99.3 % similarity), Glutamicibacterarilaitensis Re117T (99.3 %) and Glutamicibacter mysorens LMG 16219T (99.1 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Glutamicibacter was lower than 98.5 %. However, DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain KLBMP 5180T, G . nicotianae DSM 20123T, G. arilaitensis Re117T and G. mysorens LMG 16219T were 47.5±2.6, 51.3±3.1 and 41.2±4.3 %, respectively. The combination of DNA–DNA hybridization, phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain KLBMP 5180T represents a novel species of the genus Glutamicibacter, for which the name Glutamicibacter halophytocola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP 5180T (=DSM 101718T=KCTC 39692T).
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Actinophytocola xanthii sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere soil of the plant Xanthium sibiricum
More LessA novel actinomycete strain, 11–183T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Xanthium sibiricum, which was collected in Tangshan, Hebei, China. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 11-183T formed a clade within the genus Actinophytocola , with a maximum similarity of 98.44 % to Actinophytocola xinjiangensis QAIII60T, followed by 97.76 % similarity to Actinophytocola sediminis YIM M13705T. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values differed by 79.24 and 23.4 %, respectively, between strain 11-183T and Actinophytocola xinjiangensis QAIII60T. Strain 11-183T grew well on N-Z-amine agar, and it produced a scant, white aerial mycelium. The isolate formed pale yellow to brown–black colonies and a dense, non-fragmented, branched substrate mycelium, and produced aerial hyphae on which nodular spore chains formed. Growth was observed at salinities ranging from 0 to 2 %, at pH values ranging from pH 6.5 to 8.0 and at temperatures ranging from 15 to 37 °C. The cell-wall amino acids included meso-diaminopimelic acid. Whole cell hydrolysates contained galactose and glucose. The principal fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 1 H and C17 : 1ω6c. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and phosphatidylethanolamine were the diagnostic phospholipids. The isoprenoid quinones included MK-9(H4) and MK-10(H4). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.7 mol%. Based on the genotypic and phenotypic data, we conclude that strain 11-183T belongs to a novel species of the genus Actinophytocola . The name proposed for the novel species is Actinophytocola xanthii sp. nov., with the type strain 11-183T (=KCTC 39690T= MCCC 1K02062T).
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Nonomuraea ceibae sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from Ceiba speciosa rhizosphere
More LessStrain XMU 110T, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a flowering tree, Ceiba speciosa, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons revealed that strain XMU 110T showed the highest similarity of 97.9 % to Nonomuraea jabiensis DSM 45507T, and indicated the closest relatives were Nonomuraea roseoviolacea subsp. roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nonomuraea salmonea DSM 43678T (97.4 %) after a neighbour-joining analysis. The phenotypic characteristics, as well as the DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain XMU 110T and N. roseoviolacea subsp . roseoviolacea ATCC 27297T (48.07±1.99 %) and N. salmonea DSM 43678T (40.55±8.30 %), distinguished the novel strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics such as phospholipid type, diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugars, major menaquinones and major fatty acids further supported the assignment of strain XMU 110T to the genus Nonomuraea . The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 66.2 mol%. Based on the taxonomic data, strain XMU 110Trepresents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea , for which the name Nonomuraea ceibae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XMU 110T (=MCCC 1K03213T= KCTC 39826T).
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Haloactinomyces albus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the Dead Sea
More LessA novel halophilic, filamentous actinomycete strain, designated AFM 10258T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the Dead Sea of Israel. The isolate grew with 10–35 % NaCl and did not grow without NaCl. The isolate formed white aerial mycelium and long spore chains, and two spores were separated by sterile mycelium. The spores were non-motile, spherical and rugose-surfaced. The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and galactose and arabinose as the major whole-cell sugars. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and three unknown phospholipids. Major fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the DNA G+C content was 62.8 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AFM 10258T shared low sequence similarity with the closely related representatives of the families Pseudonocardiaceae (below 94.47 %) and Actinopolysporaceae (below 93.76 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain AFM 10258T formed a robust clade with members of the family Actinopolysporaceae . On the basis of analysis of phenotypic, chemical and molecular characteristics, strain AFM 10258T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Haloactinomyces albus gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is AFM 10258T (=DSM 45977T=CGMCC 4.7115T).
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Williamsia spongiae sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from the marine sponge Amphimedon viridis
A novel actinobacterium, designated isolate B138T, was isolated from the marine sponge, Amphimedon viridis, which was collected from Praia Guaecá (São Paulo, Brazil), and its taxonomic position was established using data from a polyphasic study. The organism showed a combination of chemotaxonomic and morphological characteristics consistent with its classification in the genus Williamsia and it formed a distinct phyletic line in the Williamsia 16S rRNA gene tree. It was most closely related to Williamsia serinedens DSM 45037T and Williamsia deligens DSM 44902T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Williamsia maris DSM 44693T (97.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), but was distinguished readily from these strains by the low DNA–DNA relatedness values (62.3–64.4 %) and by the discriminatory phenotypic properties. Based on the data obtained, the isolate B138T (=CBMAI 1094T=DSM 46676T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Williamsia , for which the name Williamsia spongiae sp. nov. is proposed.
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Frankia coriariae sp. nov., an infective and effective microsymbiont isolated from Coriaria japonica
More LessThe taxonomic description of a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium, strain BMG5.1T, as a novel species within the genus Frankia was based on a polyphasic approach. The strain was isolated from the root nodules of Coriaria japonica, and it fulfilled Koch’s postulates by inducing effective nodules on Coriaria spp. and Datisca spp. Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain BMG5.1T is distinguishable from all other species of the genus Frankia . It is characterized by the presence of phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipids in its polar lipids; galactose, glucose, mannose and a trace of ribose as cellular sugars; meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall peptidoglycan; C18 : 1ω9c as major fatty acid (>30 %); and MK-9(H6) (44.7 %) as predominant isoprenolog (>30 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and the digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between the described novel strain and strains of the other species of the genus Frankia correspond to a range of 97–98.4 % and 22.1–24 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content is 70.2 mol%. On the basis of these results, strain BMG5.1T (=CECT 9032T=DSM 100624T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Frankia , named Frankia coriariae sp. nov.
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Sanguibacter gelidistatuariae sp. nov., a novel psychrotolerant anaerobe from an ice sculpture in Antarctica, and emendation of descriptions of the family Sanguibacteraceae, the genus Sanguibacter and species S. antarcticus, S. inulinus, S. kedieii, S. marinus, S. soli and S. suarezii
A novel psychrotolerant bacterium, strain ISLP-3T, was isolated from a sample of naturally formed ice sculpture on the shore of Lake Podprudnoye in Antarctica. Cells were motile, stained Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, straight or slightly curved rods with the shape of a baseball bat. The new isolate was facultatively anaerobic and catalase-positive. Growth occurred at 3–35 °C with an optimum at 22–24 °C, 0–2 % (w/v) NaCl with an optimum at 0.3 % and pH 6.2–9.5 with an optimum at pH 7.5. Strain ISLP-3T grew on several carbon sources, with the best growth on cellobiose. The isolate possessed ureolytic activity but growth was inhibited by urea. The strain was sensitive to: ampicillin, gentamycin, kanamycin rifampicin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Major fatty acids were: anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, C14 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The genomic G+C content was 69.5 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene showed 99 % sequence similarity to that of Sanguibacter suarezii ST-26T, but their recA genes shared ≤91 % sequence similarity, suggesting that this new isolate represents a novel species within the genus Sanguibacter . This conclusion was supported by average nucleotide identity, which was ≤91 % to the most closely related strain. The name Sanguibacter gelidistatuariae sp. nov. is proposed for the novel species with the type strain ISLP-3T=ATCC TSD-17T=DSM 100501T=JCM 30887T). The complete genome draft sequence of ISLP-3T was deposited under IMG OID 2657245272. Emendments to the descriptions of related taxa have been made based on experimental data from our comparative analysis.
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- Archaea
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Halorubrum trueperi sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon isolated from a salt mine
Shaoxing Chen, Yao Xu and Li-Xia KeA novel, extremely halophilic archaeon, strain Y73T, was isolated from a salt mine in Yunnan, China. Colonies formed on solid medium were circular (2–3 mm in diameter), smooth, orange, glistening and convex (~1 mm in elevation). Cells were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and pleomorphic. Mg2+ was required for growth (optimum at 0.05 M). Optimal growth was observed at 20 % (w/v) NaCl, 42–45 °C and pH 7.5–8.5 under aerobic conditions. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison showed that strain Y73T was closely related to Halorubrum halophilum B8T (similarity: 98.1 %), Halorubrum lipolyticum 9-3T (97.9 %) and Halorubrum saccharovorum JCM 8865T (97.6 %). Levels of rpoB′ gene sequence similarity between strain Y73T and H. halophilum B8T, H. lipolyticum 9-3T and H. saccharovorum JCM 8865T were 93.6, 93.8 and 94.7 %, respectively. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain Y73T and H. halophilum B8T was 38.7±0.5 %, while that between strain Y73T and H. saccharovorum JCM 8865T was 31.0±0.9 % . The DNA G+C content of strain Y73T was 61.9 mol%. The major polar lipids of strain Y73T were phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and phosphatidylglycerol sulfate as phospholipids, and sulfated diglycosyl diether-1 as glycolipid. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggest that strain Y73T represents a novel species, for which the name Halorubrum trueperi sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is Y73T (=CGMCC 1.15503T=JCM 31271T).
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Haloterrigena mahii sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from a solar saltern
More LessA pleomorphic, gas-vesicle-containing, halophilic archaeon, designated strain H13T, was isolated from the solar saltern of the Western Salt Co., Chula Vista, California, USA. Cells of strain H13T were non-motile, rod-shaped and 3–10 µm in length. The optimum growth conditions were 3.5–5.0 M NaCl, 45–55 °C, and pH range of 6.5–8.2. The major polar lipids were C20C20 and C20C25 derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and disulfated diglycosyl diether-1. The G+C content of he genome of strain H13T was calculated as 65.10 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and rpoB′ genes revealed that strain H13 was most closely related to Haloterrigena saccharevitans AB14T (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity: 99.51 %; rpoB′ sequence similarity: 96.19 %) and Haloterrigena thermotolerans PR5T (99.11 %; 95.50 %). Strain H13T showed low genome relatedness values with Htg. saccharevitans AB14T and Htg. thermotolerans PR5T based on estimated average nucleotide identity (ANI; 92.59 and 91.68 %, respectively) and genome-to-genome distance analysis (GGDA; 47.90 and 45.00 %, respectively). Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties and the genome relatedness, it is evident that strain H13T represents a novel species of the genus Haloterrigena , for which the name Haloterrigena mahiisp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H13T (=BCRC 910151T=NBRC 111885T).
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- Bacteroidetes
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Pedobacter jamesrossensis sp. nov., Pedobacter lithocola sp. nov., Pedobacter mendelii sp. nov. and Pedobacter petrophilus sp. nov., isolated from the Antarctic environment
A taxonomic study performed on 17 Gram-stain-negative rod-shaped bacterial strains originating from the Antarctic environment is described. Initial phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing differentiated the strains into four groups belonging to the genus Pedobacter but they were separated from all hitherto described Pedobacter species. Group I (n=8) was closest to Pedobacter aquatilis (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Group II (n=2) and group III (n=4) were closely related (98.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and had Pedobacter jejuensis as their common nearest neighbour. Group IV (n=3) was distantly delineated from the remaining Pedobacter species. Differentiation of the analysed strains into four clusters was further confirmed by repetitive sequence-based PCR fingerprinting, ribotyping, DNA–DNA hybridization and phenotypic traits. Common to representative strains for the four groups were the presence of major menaquinone MK-7, sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified lipids (L2, L5) and an unidentified aminolipid (AL2) as the major polar lipids, presence of an alkali-stable lipid, and C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c (summed feature 3), iso-C15:0 and iso-C 17:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids, which corresponded to characteristics of the genus Pedobacter . The obtained results showed that the strains analysed represent four novel species of the genus Pedobacter , for which the names Pedobacter jamesrossensis sp. nov. (type strain CCM 8689T=LMG 29684T), Pedobacter lithocola sp. nov. (CCM 8691T=LMG 29685T), Pedobacter mendelii sp. nov. (CCM 8685T=LMG 29688T) and Pedobacter petrophilus sp. nov. (CCM 8687T=LMG 29686T) are proposed.
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Nonlabens aestuariivivens sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain OITF-31T, was isolated from a tidal flat in Oido, an island of South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain OITF-31T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 1.0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain OITF-31T belonged to the genus Nonlabens , clustering with the type strains of Nonlabens dokdonensis and Nonlabens xylanidelens , sharing 98.1 % sequence similarity with each. Strain OITF-31T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 93.9–95.8 % to the type strains of other Nonlabens species and less than of 91.8 % to the type strains of other recognized species. Strain OITF-31T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain OITF-31T were phosphatidylethanolamine, six unidentified lipids and two unidentified aminolipids. The DNA G+C content of strain OITF-31T was 38.1 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of N. dokdonensis and N. xylanidelens were 24 and 19 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain OITF-31T is separated from recognized species of the genus Nonlabens . On the basis of the data presented, strain OITF-31T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nonlabens , for which the name Nonlabens aestuariivivens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OITF-31T (=KCTC 52502T=NBRC 112459T).
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Flectobacillus pallidus sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater spring
More LessA novel bacterial strain, MVW-6T, was isolated from a freshwater spring in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MVW-6T belonged to the genus Flectobacillus and showed the highest levels of sequence similarity to Flectobacillus lacus CL-GP79T (98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Flectobacillus fontis MIB-4T (97.4 %). Cells of strain MVW-6T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile rods that were covered by large capsules and formed light pink colonies. Growth occurred at 15–37 °C (optimum 15–25 °C), at pH 5–9 (optimum pH 7) and with 0–0.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). Strain MVW-6T contained iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 1ω5c and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.5 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization values for strain MVW-6T with Flectobacillus lacus CL-GP79T and Flectobacillus fontis MIB-4T were less than 50 %. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain MVW-6T a novel species of the genus Flectobacillus , for which the name Flectobacillus pallidus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MVW-6T (=BCRC 80975T=LMG 29555T=KCTC 33800T).
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Niveitalea solisilvae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from forest soil and emended description of the genus Flavihumibacter Zhang et al. 2010
More LessA Gram-stain-negative and strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated 6-4T, was isolated from forest soil in Jeju island, South Korea. Cells showing oxidase-positive and catalase-negative reactions were thin and long non-motile rods. Growth of strain 6-4T was observed at 20–35 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). Strain 6-4T contained iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the sole isoprenoid quinone. Phosphatidylethanolamine was the major polar lipid and five unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid and one unidentified lipid were also detected as minor polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 45.8 mol%. Strain 6-4T was most closely related to Flavihumibacter solisilvae 3-3T with a low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (94.2 %) and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strain formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage from members of the genus Flavihumibacter and other closely related genera. On the basis of phylogenetic inference and phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain 6-4T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Chitinophagaceae , for which the name Niveitalea solisilvae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Niveitalea solisilvae is 6-4T (=KACC 18808T=JCM 31525T). An emended description of the genus Flavihumibacter is also proposed.
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Hymenobacter aquaticus sp. nov., a radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from a river
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterial strain, designated 16F3PT, was isolated from the Han River, South Korea, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed 16F3PT to be within the genus Hymenobacter , and most closely related to Hymenobacter chitinivorans Txc1T (98.62 %) and Hymenobacter elongatus VUG-A112T (98.46 %). The phylogenetic distance from other species of the genus Hymenobacter with validly published names was greater than 4 % (i.e. sequence similarity was less than 96.0 %). Chemotaxonomic data also supported the classification of strain 16F3PT within the genus Hymenobacter . C16 : 0 (19.8 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c; 15.4 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (13.0 %) were the major fatty acids, MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine was the major polar lipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 16F3PT was 61.9 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments showed that the values for DNA–DNA relatedness between strain 16F3PT and the phylogenetically closest neighbours were below 19 %. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 16F3PT represents a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter , for which the name Hymenobacter aquaticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 16F3PT (=KCTC 52194T=JCM 31653T).
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Algoriphagus resistens sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment
More LessStrain NH1T, a pink-pigmented, facultatively anaerobic, heterotrophic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, Gram-stain-negative marine bacterium, was isolated from marine sediment on the coast of Weihai, China. Cells of strain NH1T were rod-shaped, 0.8–2.0 µm in length and 0.5–1.0 µm in width. The strain was able to grow at 13–37 °C, pH 5.5–8.5, in the presence of 0.0–8.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Optimal growth was observed at 28 °C, with 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 6.5–7.0. Nitrate was reduced. The G+C content of the DNA was 41.9 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the main cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 3 (33.6 %) comprising iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c, and iso-C15:0 (19.2%). The major polar lipids in strain NH1T were phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified lipids, phospholipid and aminolipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain NH1T was highly related to the type strains of Algoriphagus antarcticus (97.87 % 16SrRNA gene sequence similarity) and Algoriphagus ratkowskyi (97.56 %). On basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain NH1T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus , for which the name Algoriphagus resistens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NH1T (=MCCC 1H00140T=KCTC 52228T).
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Rhodohalobacter halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic member of the family Balneolaceae
More LessA novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive bacterium, designated JZ3C29T, was isolated from a saltern located in Feicheng, PR China. JZ3C29T was tolerant of moderately saline conditions. Optimal growth occurred at 40 °C (range 20–50 °C) and pH 7.5–8.5 (range pH 7.0–9.0) with 8–10 % (w/v) NaCl (range 2–16 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that JZ3C29T shared highest similarity with Gracilimonas tropica CL-CB462T (90.5 %), Gracilimonas mengyeensis YIM J14T (90.5 %) and Gracilimonas rosea CL-KR2T (90.4 %) and less than 90.0 % similarity with other species of the phylum Bacteroidetes . The isolate formed a novel genus-level clade in the recently described family Balneolaceae . The polar lipid profile of the novel isolate consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified glycolipids, four unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids. The dominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and iso-C15 : 0 and the sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The DNA G+C content of JZ3C29T was 44.4 mol%. On the basis of these phenotypic and phylogenetic data, JZ3C29T should be classified as representing a novel genus and species within the family Balneolaceae , for which the name Rhodohalobacter halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JZ3C29T (=MCCC 1H00131T=KCTC 52046T=JCM 31413T).
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Pedobacter lusitanus sp. nov., isolated from sludge of a deactivated uranium mine
Strain NL19T is a Gram-stain-negative, aerobic bacterium that was isolated from sludge of a deactivated uranium mine in Portugal. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain NL19T is a member of the genus Pedobacter and closely related to the strains Pedobacter himalayensis MTCC 6384T, Pedobacter cryoconitis DSM 14825T, Pedobacter westerhofensis DSM 19036T and Pedobacter hartonius DSM 19033T. It had a DNA G+C content of 40.8 mol%, which agreed with the genus description. The main fatty acids included C16 : 1ω7c, C14 : 1ω5c, C4 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The main lipids present were phospholipids (60 %) and sphingolipids (35 %). The most abundant phospholipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only isoprenoid quinone detected. DNA–DNA hybridization similarities between strain NL19T and Pedobacter himalayensis MTCC 6384T, Pedobacter cryoconitis DSM 14825T, Pedobacter westerhofensis DSM 19036T and Pedobacter hartonius DSM 19033T were 15.3 , 16.2 , 11.5 and 16.0 %, respectively. Strain NL19T can also be distinguished from these four species based on gyrB and intergenic transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences and by some phenotypic traits such as NaCl tolerance, pH, growth temperature and carbon source utilization. Strain NL19Trepresents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter lusitanus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NL19T (=LMG 29220T=CECT 9028T). An amended description of Pedobacter himalayensis is also included.
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Spirosoma knui sp. nov., a radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from the Han River
A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated 15J8-12T, was isolated from a water sample after exposure to 3 kGy of gamma radiation. The strain showed resistance to gamma radiation with a dose required to reduce the bacterial population 10 fold (D10) value of 4.7 kGy. The results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain 15J8-12T represented a member of the family Cytophagaceae , phylum Bacteroidetes , and was most closely related to ‘Spirosoma fluminis’ 15J17 (97.92 %) and Spirosoma arcticum R2-35T (92.22 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of 15J8-12T was 51.3 mol%. The detection of menaquinone MK-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone, a fatty acid profile with summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c; 40.5 %), C16 : 1ω5c (35.3 %), C15 : 0 iso (6.9 %) and C16 : 0 (6.8 %) as the major components and phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipid also supported the affiliation of 15J8-12T with the genus Spirosoma . The DNA–DNA relatedness between 15J8-12T and ‘Spirosoma fluminis’ 15J17 was 27.8 %. On the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic distinctiveness, 15J8-12T should be considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Spirosoma , for which the name Spirosoma knui sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 15J8-12T (=KCTC 52510T=JCM 31407T).
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Proposal of Mucilaginibacter galii sp. nov. isolated from leaves of Galium album
A pale-pink-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, PP-F2F-G47T, was isolated from the phyllosphere of the herbaceous plant Galium album. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed highest sequence similarity to the type strains of Mucilaginibacter daejeonensis (96.2 %), Mucilaginibacter dorajii (95.7 %) and Mucilaginibacter phyllosphaerae (95.5 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other type strains were below 95.5 %. The predominant cellular fatty acids of the strain were C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH (measured as summed feature 3) and iso-C15 : 0. The major compound in the polyamine pattern was sym-homospermidine and major quinone was menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipid profile was composed of phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified aminolipipids, phospholipids, aminophospholipids and lipids without a functional group. A sphingophospholipid could not be detected but a ninhydrin-positive alkaline-stable lipid was visible. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses a novel species is proposed, Mucilaginibacter galii sp. nov., with PP-F2F-G47T (=CCM 8711T=CIP 111182T=LMG 29767T) as the type strain.
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Pontibacter aurantiacus sp. nov. isolated from hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) contaminated soil
More LessStrain NP1T, a Gram-stain-negative, orange, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from hexacholorocyclohexane (HCH)-contaminated soil sediment samples collected from Ummari village, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that NP1T clustered with members of the genus Pontibacter of the order Cytophagales , family Cytophagaceae and phylum Bacteriodetes. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with type strains of members of the genus Pontibacter ranged from 98.57 to 93.95 % with Pontibacter odishensis JC-130T (98.57 %), Pontibacter korlensis X14-1T (97.82 %), Pontibacter litorisediminis YKTF-7T (97.42 %) and Pontibacter virosus W-14T (97.01 %) as the closest neighbours. Cells of NP1T were aerobic, motile and oxidase- and catalase-positive. NP1T was capable of hydrolysis of gelatin, aesculin and starch and reduced nitrates to nitrogen. The major fatty acids of NP1T were summed feature 4 and iso-C15 : 0. The polar lipid profile of NP1T showed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), unknown glycolipids and unknown aminolipids. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory quinone and sym-homospermidine was found to be the predominant polyamine in NP1T. The DNA G+C content of NP1T was 52.1±0.7 mol%. The levels of DNA–DNA relatedness of NP1T to P. odishensis JC-130T, P. korlensis X14-1T, P. lit o r i sediminis YKTF-7T and P. virosus W14T were 44.9±0.6 %, 40.5±0.4 %, 34.4±0.7 % and 33.4±0.5 % respectively. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical evidence and DNA–DNA hybridization results, it is proposed that NP1T represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter , for which the name Pontibacter aurantiacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NP1T (KCTC 42943T=CCM 8697T=MCC 2931T).
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- Firmicutes and Related Organisms
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Sporosalibacterium tautonense sp. nov., a thermotolerant, halophilic, hydrolytic bacterium isolated from a gold mine, and emended description of the genus Sporosalibacterium
A novel strictly anaerobic, thermotolerant, moderately halophilic, organotrophic bacterium, strain MRo-4T, was isolated from a sample of a microbial mat, developed under the flow of subsurface water in TauTona gold mine, South Africa. Cells of the novel isolate stained Gram-positive and were motile, spore-forming rods, 0.2–0.3 µm in width and 5–20 µm in length. Strain MRo-4T grew at 25–50 °C, at pH 7.0–8.8 and at an NaCl concentration of 5–100 g l−1. The isolate was able to ferment yeast extract, peptone and mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides, including cellulose and chitin. Elemental sulfur, thiosulfate, sulfate, sulfite, nitrate, nitrite, fumarate and arsenate were not reduced. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 dimethyl acetyl and anteiso-C15 : 0. The G+C content of the DNA was 32.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain MRo-4T and its nearest relatives showed its affiliation to the genus Sporosalibacterium . Sporosalibacterium faouarense SOL3f37T, the only valid published representative of the genus, appeared to be its closest relative (96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). However, strains MRo-4T and S. faouarense SOL3f37T differed in temperature, pH and salinity ranges for growth, requirement for yeast extract and substrate profiles. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and physiological properties of the novel isolate, we propose a novel species, Sporosalibacterium tautonense sp. nov. The type strain is MRo-4T (=DSM 28179T=VKM B-2948T).
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Anaeromicrobium sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., a fermentative bacterium isolated from deep-sea sediment
More LessA novel anaerobic, mesophilic, heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain DY2726DT, was isolated from West Pacific Ocean sediments. Cells were long rods (0.5–0.8 µm wide, 4–15 µm long), Gram-positive and motile by means of flagella. The temperature and pH ranges for growth were 25–40 °C and pH 6.5–9.0, while optimal growth occurred at 37 °C and pH 7.5, with a generation time of 76 min. The strain required sea salts for growth at concentrations from 10 to 30 g l−1 (optimum at 20 g l−1). Substrates used as carbon sources were yeast extract, tryptone, glucose, cellobiose, starch, gelatin, dextrin, fructose, fucose, galactose, galacturonic acid, gentiobiose, glucosaminic acid, mannose, melibiose, palatinose and rhamnose. Products of fermentation were carbon dioxide, acetic acid and butyric acid. Strain DY2726DT was able to reduce amorphous iron hydroxide, goethite, amorphous iron oxides, anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate and crotonate, but did not reduce sulfur, sulfate, thiosulfate, sulfite or nitrate. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DY2726DT was affiliated to the family Clostridiaceae and was most closely related to the type strains of Alkaliphilus transvaalensis (90.0 % similarity) and Alkaliphilus oremlandii (89.6 %). The genomic DNA G+C content was 33.4 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of strain DY2726DT were C16 : 1, C14 : 0 and C16 : 0. On the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic properties, strain DY2726DT is suggested to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Clostridiaceae , for which the name Anaeromicrobium sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Anaeromicrobium sediminis is DY2726DT (=JCM 30224T=MCCC 1A00776T).
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Jeotgalibaca porci sp. nov. and Jeotgalibaca arthritidis sp. nov., isolated from pigs, and emended description of the genus Jeotgalibaca
Biochemical and molecular genetic studies were performed on two novel Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, coccus-shaped organisms isolated from liquid joint samples of two pigs. The micro-organisms were not identified as members of a recognized species based on results of cellular, morphological and biochemical tests. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison studies allowed their identification as members of the genus Jeotgalibaca , but the organisms were different to Jeotgalibaca dankookensis , the single species of the genus. The two micro-organisms shared 96.3 and 96.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values with their nearest phylogenetic relative, J. dankookensis . The novel bacterial isolates were distinguished from J. dankookensis using biochemical tests. Based on both phenotypic and phylogenetic findings, it is proposed that the unknown bacteria be classified as representatives of two novel species of the genus Jeotgalibaca , Jeotgalibaca porci sp. nov. and Jeotgalibaca arthritidis sp. nov. The type strain of Jeotgalibaca porci sp. nov. is 1804-02T (=CECT 9156T=CCUG 69148T) and that of Jeotgalibaca arthritidis sp. nov. is 1805-02T (=CECT 9157T=CCUG 69147T).
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Bacillus terrae sp. nov. isolated from Cistus ladanifer rhizosphere soil
A bacterial strain designated RA9T was isolated from a root of Cistus ladanifer in Spain. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolate into the genus Bacillus with its closest relatives being Bacillus fortis R-6514T and Bacillus fordii R-7190T with 98.2 % similarity in both cases. DNA–DNA hybridization studies showed mean relatedness values of 29 and 30 %, respectively, between strain RA9T and the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii . Cells of the isolate were Gram-stain-positive, motile, sporulating rods. Catalase and oxidase were positive. Gelatin, starch and casein were not hydrolysed. Menaquinone MK-7 was the only menaquinone detected and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentifed glycolipid and one unidentified lipid. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected in the peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain RA9T should be considered as representing a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RA9T (=LMG 29736T=CECT 9170T).
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Thermodesulfobium acidiphilum sp. nov., a thermoacidophilic, sulfate-reducing, chemoautotrophic bacterium from a thermal site
An obligately anaerobic, sulfate-reducing micro-organism, strain 3127-1T, was isolated from geothermally heated soil (Oil Site, Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka, Russia). The new isolate was a moderately thermoacidophilic anaerobe able to grow with H2 or formate by respiration of sulfate or thiosulfate. The pH range for growth was 3.7–6.5, with an optimum at 4.8–5.0. The temperature range for growth was 37–65 °C, with an optimum at 55 °C. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 33.7 mol%. The genome of strain 3127-1T contained two almost identical 16S rRNA genes, differing by a single nucleotide substitution. The closest 16S rRNA gene sequence of a validly published species belonged to Thermodesulfobium narugense Na82T (99.5 % similarity). However, the average nucleotide identity of the genomes of strain 3127-1T and T. narugense Na82T and the predicted DNA–DNA hybridization value (GGDC 2.1 blast+, formula 2) were as low as 86 and 32.5±2.5 %, respectively. This, together with phenotypic data, showed the new isolate to belong to a novel species, for which the name Thermodesulfobium acidiphilum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3127-1T (=DSM 102892T=VKM B-3043T).
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Streptococcus caviae sp. nov., isolated from guinea pig faecal samples
A novel cellobiose-degrading and lactate-producing bacterium, strain Cavy grass 6T, was isolated from faecal samples of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Cells of the strain were ovalshaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, Gram-stain-positive and facultatively anaerobic. The strain gr at 25–40 °C (optimum 37 °C) and pH 4.5–9.5 (optimum 8.0). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Cavy grass 6T belongs to the genus Streptococcus with its closest relative being Streptococcus devriesei CCUG 47155T with only 96.5 % similarity. Comparing strain Cavy grass 6T and Streptococcus devriesei CCUG 47155T, average nucleotide identity and level of digital DNA–DNA hybridization dDDH were only 86.9 and 33.3 %, respectively. Housekeeping genes groEL and gyrA were different between strain Cavy grass 6T and other streptococci. The G+C content of strain Cavy grass 6T was 42.6±0.3 mol%. The major (>10 %) cellular fatty acids of strain Cavy grass 6T were C16:0, C20 : 1ω9c and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c). Strain Cavy grass 6T ferment a range of plant mono- and disaccharides as well as polymeric carbohydrates, including cellobiose, dulcitol, d-glucose, maltose, raffinose, sucrose, l-sorbose, trehalose, inulin and dried grass extract, to lactate, formate, acetate and ethanol. Based on phylogenetic and physiological characteristics, Cavy grass 6T can be distinguished from other members of the genus Streptococcus . Therefore, a novel species of the genus Streptococcus , family Streptococcaceae , order Lactobacillales is proposed, Streptococcus caviae sp. nov. (type strain Cavy grass 6T=TISTR 2371T=DSM 102819T).
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Reclassification of Bacillus saliphilus as Alkalicoccus saliphilus gen. nov., comb. nov., and description of Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake
More LessA Gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacterium, designed BZ-SZ-XJ29T, was isolated from a salt lake of China. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus saliphilus 6AGT (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and five other species of the genus Bacillus (95.4–96.3 %). However, strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T shared only 89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis DSM 10T, indicating that this isolate might not be a member of the genus Bacillus . The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.0 mol% (Tm). The DNA–DNA relatedness value with B. saliphilus 6AGT was 45±2 %. Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T formed yellow pigment and grew in the presence of 0.74–4.15 M Na+ [optimum 1.42–2.10 M Na+], at pH 6.0–10.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and at 5–41 °C (optimum 33 °C). The predominant (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The dominant polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and the respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1γ, based on meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. On the basis of the combined phylogenetic data, phenotypic features and chemotaxonomic properties, it is proposed that B. saliphilus and strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T should be assigned to a single novel genus as two separate species. Bacillus . saliphilus is reclassified in a new genus, Alkalicoccus gen. nov., as Alkalicoccus saliphilus comb. nov., and is the type species of the new genus; the type strain of the type species is 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T). Strain BZ-SZ-XJ29T (=DSM 29191T=JCM 30193T=CGMCC 1.12936T) is placed in the genus Alkalicoccus as a novel species, Alkalicoccus halolimnae sp. nov.
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Paraliobacillus sediminis sp. nov., isolated from East China sea sediment
A Gram-strain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, endospore-forming, slightly halophilic bacterium, designated strain 126C4T, was isolated from sediment from the East China Sea. The strain was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Optimal growth occurred at 28–30 °C, pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 3–5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, showed that strain 126C4T was a member of the genus Paraliobacillus , with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158T and Paraliobacillus ryukyuensis O15-7T of 96.2 % and 95.3 %, repectively. The DNA G+C content was 39.6 mol%. The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and its polar lipid pattern comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three glycolipids and four unknown phospholipids. On the basis of its phylogenetic position, phenotypic traits and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is suggested that strain 126C4T represents a novel species of the genus Paraliobacillus, for which the name Paraliobacillus sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 126C4T (=KCTC 33762T=MCCC 1H00136T).
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Paenibacillus lacus sp. nov., isolated from a water reservoir
More LessA bacterial strain, designated Agd-32T, was isolated from a water sample taken from the Agongdian Reservoir in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Cells of strain Agd-32T were Gram-stain-variable, aerobic, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and surrounded by a thick capsule. Strain Agd-32T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and the polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.0 mol%. Strain Agd-32T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Agd-32T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis with sequence similarity of 96.1 % and less than 95.9 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain Agd-32T should be classified as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus lacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Agd-32T (=BCRC 80902T=LMG 28836T=KCTC 33691T).
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Description of Auricoccus indicus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from skin of human ear
A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, small spherical bacterium, strain S31T, was isolated from skin surface (external ear lobe) of a healthy human subject and characterized using a polyphasic approach. On the basis of 1507 bp 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison, S31T showed highest (92.8 %, AY119686) sequence similarity with Macrococcus brunensis CCUG 47200T followed by Macrococcus caseolyticus DSM 20597T (92.7 % AP009484) and formed a separate clade with 65 % bootstrap support. The DNA G+C content was found to be 34 mol%. Anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 are the predominant fatty acids in fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile of strain S31T. It contained A3α type peptidoglycan with l-Lys–Gly3 –l-Ala peptide. Comparative study of morphological and physiological traits indicated that S31T has phenetically diverged from its closest relatives. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, S31T showed marked distinctions from its closest relatives of the family Staphylococcaceae and is proposed to represent a novel genus Auricoccus with Auricoccus indicus as type species of the genus. S31T (CCUG 69858T=KCTC 33611T=MCC 3027T) is the type strain of the species.
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Faecalimonas umbilicata gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human faeces, and reclassification of Eubacterium contortum, Eubacterium fissicatena and Clostridium oroticum as Faecalicatena contorta gen. nov., comb. nov., Faecalicatena fissicatena comb. nov. and Faecalicatena orotica comb. nov.
More LessTwo bacterial strains, designated EGH7T and TSAH33, were isolated from human faeces and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach that included analysis of morphology, phenotypic and biochemical features, cellular fatty acid profiles and phylogenetic position based on 16S rRNA and hsp60 gene sequence analyses. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that these strains represented members of the family Lachnospiraceae and formed a monophyletic cluster near Eubacterium contortum JCM 6483T (95 % sequence similarity), Ruminococcus gnavus JCM 6515T (95 %), Clostridium oroticum JCM 1429T (95 %), Eubacterium fissicatena JCM 31501T (95 %) and Clostridium nexile JCM 31500T (94 %). The results of a hsp60 gene sequence analysis supported the phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, with a sequence similarity value of between 77.9 and 84.8 % to the five strains listed above. The novel strains were obligately anaerobic, non-pigmented, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-stain-positive cocco-bacilli. The strains formed characteristic umbilicated colonies on EG agar plates. The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c dimethyl acetal (DMA). EGH7T and TSAH33 have DNA G+C contents of 46.9 and 45.5 mol%, respectively. On the basis of these data, strains EGH7T and TSAH33 represent a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Faecalimonas umbilicata gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of F. umbilicata is EGH7T (=JCM 30896T=DSM 103426T).
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Bacillus zeae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays
A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic organism, isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays, was investigated in detail. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-247T was grouped into the genus Bacillus , most closely related to Bacillus foraminis (98.4 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the sequences of the type strains of other species of the genus Bacillus was <97.4 %. The fatty acid profile with the major fatty acids, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 supported the grouping of the strain to the genus Bacillus . The polar lipid profile contained the major components diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid. The major quinone was menaquinone MK-7, and the major polyamine was spermidine. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JJ-247T was 44.5 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridizations with the type strain B. foraminis LMG 23147T resulted in values below 70 %. In addition, physiological and biochemical test results allowed a clear phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-247T from B. foraminis . As a consequence, JJ-247T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which we propose the name Bacillus zeae sp. nov., with JJ-247T (=CCM 8726T=LMG 29876T) as the type strain.
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Description of two novel members of the family Erysipelotrichaceae: Ileibacterium valens gen. nov., sp. nov. and Dubosiella newyorkensis, gen. nov., sp. nov., from the murine intestine, and emendation to the description of Faecalibacterium rodentium
To better characterize murine intestinal microbiota, a large number (187) of Gram-positive-staining, rod- and coccoid-shaped, and facultatively or strictly anaerobic bacteria were isolated from small and large intestinal contents from mice. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a total 115 isolates formed three phylogenetically distinct clusters located within the family Erysipelotrichaceae . Group 1, as represented by strain NYU-BL-A3T, was most closely related to Allobaculum stercoricanis , with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 87.7 %. A second group, represented by NYU-BL-A4T, was most closely related to Faecalibaculum rodentium , with 86.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. A third group had a nearly identical 16S rRNA gene sequence (99.9 %) compared with the recently described Faecalibaculum rodentium , also recovered from a laboratory mouse; however, this strain had a few differences in biochemical characteristics, which are detailed in an emended description. The predominant (>10 %) cellular fatty acids of strain NYU-BL-A3T were C16 : 0 and C18 : 0, and those of strain NYU-BL-A4T were C10 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. The two groups could also be distinguished by multiple biochemical reactions, with the group represented by NYU-BL-A4T being considerably more active. Based on phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic criteria, two novel genera are proposed, Ileibacterium valens gen. nov., sp. nov. with NYU-BL-A3T (=ATCC TSD-63T=DSM 103668T) as the type strain and Dubosiella newyorkensis gen. nov., sp. nov. with NYU-BL-A4T (=ATCC TSD-64T=DSM 103457T) as the type strain.
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Fournierella massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new human-associated member of the family Ruminococcaceae
An anaerobic bacterium, strain AT2T, was isolated from the fresh stool sample of a healthy French man using the culturomics approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AT2T had 95.2 % nucleotide sequence similarity with Gemmiger formicilis ATCC 27749T, the phylogenetically closest species with standing in nomenclature. Cells are Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, and the bacilli were mesothermophilic. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (43.8 %) and C18 : 1n9 (20 %). The DNA G+C content of the strain based on its genome sequence was 56.8 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, biochemical and phylogenetic analysis, we propose the creation of the genus Fournierella gen. nov., which contains strain AT2T (=CSUR P2014T=DSM 100451T) as the type strain of the type species Fournierella massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov.
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Defluviitalea raffinosedens sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic, saccharolytic bacterium isolated from an anaerobic batch digester treating animal manure and rice straw
More LessA thermophilic, anaerobic, fermentative bacterium, strain A6T, was obtained from an anaerobic batch digester treating animal manure and rice straw. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, slightly curved rods with a size of 0.6–1×2.5–8.2 µm, non-motile and produced terminal spores. The temperature, pH and NaCl concentration ranges for growth were 40–60 °C, 6.5–8.0 and 0–15.0 g l−1, with optimum growth noted at 50–55 °C, pH 7.5 and in the absence of NaCl, respectively. Yeast extract was required for growth. d-Glucose, maltose, d-xylose, d-galactose, d-fructose, d-ribose, lactose, raffinose, sucrose, d-arabinose, cellobiose, d-mannose and yeast extract were used as carbon and energy sources. The fermentation products from glucose were ethanol, lactate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, iso-butyrate, iso-valerate, H2 and CO2. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.6 mol%. The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 1, C14 : 0, C16 : 1 ω7c, C16 : 0 N-alcohol and C13 : 0 3-OH. Respiratory quinones were not detected. The polar lipid profile comprised phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, glycolipids, a diphosphatidylglycerol, a phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified lipid. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the strain was closely related to Defluviitalea saccharophila DSM 22681T with a similarity of 96.0 %. Based on the morphological, physiological and taxonomic characterization, strain A6T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Defluviitalea , for which the name Defluviitalea raffinosedens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A6T (=DSM 28090T=ACCC 19951T).
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- Other Bacteria
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Calorithrix insularis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel representative of the phylum Calditrichaeota
A moderately thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium designated as strain KRT was isolated from a shallow-water submarine hydrothermal vent (Kunashir Island, Southern Kurils, Russia). Cells of strain KRT were thin (0.2–0.3 µm), flexible, motile, Gram-stain-negative rods of variable length. Optimal growth conditions were pH 6.6, 55 °C and 1–3 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain KRT was able to ferment a wide range of proteinaceous substrates, pyruvate, and mono-, di- and polysaccharides. The best growth occurred with proteinaceous compounds. Nitrate significantly stimulated the growth on proteinaceous substrates decreasing H2 formation, ammonium being the main product of nitrate reduction. Strain KRT did not need the presence of a reducing agent in the medium and tolerated the presence of oxygen in the gas phase up to 3 % (v/v). In the presence of nitrate, aerotolerance of isolate KRT was enhanced up to 6–8 % O2 (v/v). Strain KRT was able to grow chemolithoheterotrophically, oxidizing H2 and reducing nitrate to ammonium. Yeast extract (0.05 g l−1) was required for growth. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain KRT was 47.3 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed isolate KRT in the phylum Calditrichaeota where it represented a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Calorithrix insularis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Calorithrix insularis is KRT (=DSM 101605T=VKM B-3022T).
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Mariniblastus fucicola gen. nov., sp. nov. a novel planctomycete associated with macroalgae
More LessOne strain of a novel genus and species of the order Planctomycetes , designated FC18T, was isolated from the epiphytic community of Fucusspiralis. This strain was non-pigmented in medium M13 but was slightly pink pigmented on medium M14, containing four-fold the levels of glucose, peptone and yeast extract of M13. The organism was primarily spherical, with unicellular non-motile forms and rosettes. The optimal temperature for growth was about 25 °C and the optimal pH was 7.5. FC18T was chemoorganotrophic and aerobic. Several sugars, polyols and amino acids were assimilated. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C14 : 0 and C16 : 0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and two unknown lipids. Menaquinone 5 (MK-5) was the main respiratory quinone, but MK-6 was also present. The results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed the affiliation of this organism to the order Planctomycetales , family Planctomycetaceae , with Blastopirellula marina as the closest relative with only 86 % sequence similarity. On the basis of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics we propose that FC18T(=LMG 29748T=DSM 26290T) represents a novel species of a novel genus of the family Planctomycetaceae for which we propose the name Mariniblastusfucicola gen. nov., sp. nov.
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‘Candidatus Moeniiplasma glomeromycotorum’, an endobacterium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, subphylum Glomeromycotina) are symbionts of most terrestrial plants. They commonly harbour endobacteria of a largely unknown biology, referred to as MRE ( M ollicutes /mycoplasma-related endobacteria). Here, we propose to accommodate MRE in the novel genus ‘Candidatus Moeniiplasma.’ Phylogeny reconstructions based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences cluster ‘Ca. Moeniiplasma ’ with representatives of the class Mollicutes , whereas phylogenies derived from amino acid sequences of 19 genes indicate that it is a discrete lineage sharing ancestry with the members of the family Mycoplasmataceae . Cells of ‘Ca. Moeniiplasma ’ reside directly in the host cytoplasm and have not yet been cultivated. They are coccoid, ~500 nm in diameter, with an electron-dense layer outside the plasma membrane. However, the draft genomes of ‘Ca. Moeniiplasma ’ suggest that this structure is not a Gram-positive cell wall. The evolution of ‘Ca. Moeniiplasma ’ appears to be driven by an ultrarapid rate of mutation accumulation related to the loss of DNA repair mechanisms. Moreover, molecular evolution patterns suggest that, in addition to vertical transmission, ‘Ca. Moeniiplasma ’ is able to transmit horizontally among distinct Glomeromycotina host lineages and exchange genes. On the basis of these unique lifestyle features, the new species ‘Candidatus Moeniiplasma glomeromycotorum’ is proposed.
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Rectinema cohabitans gen. nov., sp. nov., a rod-shaped spirochaete isolated from an anaerobic naphthalene-degrading enrichment culture
The anaerobic, non-motile strain HMT was isolated from the naphthalene-degrading, sulfate-reducing enrichment culture N47. For 20 years, strain HMT has been a stable member of culture N47 although it is neither able to degrade naphthalene nor able to reduce sulfate in pure culture. The highest similarity of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain HMT (89 %) is with a cultivated member of the family Spirochaetaceae , Treponema caldarium strain H1T (=DSM 7334T), an obligately anaerobic, thermophilic spirochaete isolated from cyanobacterial mat samples collected at a freshwater hot spring in Oregon, USA. In contrast to this strain and the majority of spirochaete species described, strain HMT showed a rod-shaped morphology. Growth occurred at temperatures between 12 and 50 °C (optimum 37 °C) but the isolate was not able to grow at 60 °C. The strain fermented various sugars including d-glucose, d-fructose, lactose and sucrose. Addition of 0.1 % (w/v) yeast extract or 0.1 % (w/v) tryptone to the culture medium was essential for growth and could not be replaced by either the vitamin solutions tested or by 0.1 % (w/v) peptone or 0.1 % (w/v) casamino acids. The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 51.5 mol%. The major fatty acids were C14 : 0, C18 : 1ω13c, C16 : 1ω9t, C16 : 1ω11c and C16 : 1ω9c. Based on the unique morphology and the phylogenetic distance from the closest cultivated relative, a novel genus and species, Rectinema cohabitans gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is strain HMT (=DSM 100378T=JCM 30982T).
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Nostoc thermotolerans sp. nov., a soil-dwelling species of Nostoc (Cyanobacteria)
A filamentous, soil-dwelling cyanobacterial strain (9C-PST) was isolated from Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India, and is described as a new species of the genus Nostoc . Extensive morphological and molecular characterization along with a thorough assessment of ecology was performed. The style of filament orientation, type and nature of the sheath (e.g. distribution and visibility across the trichome), and vegetative and heterocyte cell dimensions and shape were assessed for over one year using both the laboratory grown culture and the naturally occurring samples. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed 94 % similarity with Nostoc piscinale CENA21 while analyses of the secondary structures of the 16S–23S ITS region showed unique folding patterns that differentiated this strain from other species of Nostoc . The level of rbcl and rpoC1 gene sequence similarity was 91 and 94 % to Nostoc sp. PCC 7524 and Nostoc piscinale CENA21, respectively, while the nifD gene sequence similarity was found to be 99 % with Nostoc piscinale CENA21. The phenotypic, ecological, genetic and phylogenetic observations indicate that the strain 9C-PST represents a novel species of the genus Nostoc with the name proposed being Nostoc thermotolerans sp. nov. according to the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants.
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Treponema ruminis sp. nov., a spirochaete isolated from the bovine rumen
A novel bacterium, strain Ru1T, was encountered during a survey of spirochaetes living in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that strain Ru1T clustered within the genus Treponema but shared at most 86.1 % sequence similarity with other recognised species of the genus Treponema . Further phylogenetic analysis based on partial recombinase A (recA) gene sequence comparisons, together with phenotypic characterization, also demonstrated the divergence of strain Ru1T from other recognised species of the genus Treponema . Microscopically, strain Ru1T appeared as a very small, highly motile, helical spirochaete with eight periplasmic flagella in a 4 : 8 : 4 arrangement. It exhibited C8 esterase lipase, leucine arylamidase, β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase activity. A distinctive, serum-independent growth pattern was also observed, characterized by colonies with an absence of the local haemolysis that is typical of many pathogenic treponemes. On the basis of these data, strain Ru1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Treponema , for which the name Treponema ruminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ru1T (=DSM 103462T=NCTC 13847T).
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Dehalogenimonas formicexedens sp. nov., a chlorinated alkane-respiring bacterium isolated from contaminated groundwater
A strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming bacterium designated NSZ-14T, isolated from contaminated groundwater in Louisiana (USA), was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Strain NSZ-14T reductively dehalogenated a variety of polychlorinated aliphatic alkanes, producing ethene from 1,2-dichloroethane, propene from 1,2-dichloropropane, a mixture of cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethene from 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, vinyl chloride from 1,1,2-trichloroethane and allyl chloride (3-chloro-1-propene) from 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Formate or hydrogen could both serve as electron donors. Dechlorination occurred between pH 5.5 and 7.5 and over a temperature range of 20–37 °C. Major cellular fatty acids included C18 : 1ω9c, C14 : 0 and C16 : 0. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strain clusters within the class Dehalococcoidia of the phylum Chloroflexi , most closely related to but distinct from type strains of the species Dehalogenimonas alkenigignens (97.63 % similarity) and Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens (95.05 %). A complete genome sequence determined for strain NSZ-14T revealed a DNA G+C content of 53.96 mol%, which was corroborated by HPLC (54.1±0.2 mol% G+C). Genome-wide comparisons based on average nucleotide identity by orthology and estimated DNA–DNA hybridization values combined with phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits and phylogenetic analysis indicate that strain NSZ-14T represents a novel species within the genus Dehalogenimonas , for which the name Dehalogenimonas formicexedens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NSZ-14T (=HAMBI 3672T=JCM 19277T=VKM B-3058T). An emended description of Dehalogenimonas alkenigignens is also provided.
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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