- Volume 67, Issue 11, 2017

A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain 8BXZ-J1T, was isolated from surface-sterilized branches of Thespesia populnea collected from Beilun Estuary Mangrove Forest National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. Cells of the isolate were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile and short rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain 8BXZ-J1T belonged to the genus Marmoricola , sharing highest similarity with Marmoricola solisilvae DSM 27140T (96.9 %). The isolate grew at 10–35 °C (optimum, 28–30 °C), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0–10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0–5.0 %). The organism contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a polar lipid profile including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown lipids. The major fatty acids of strain 8BXZ-J1T were C18 : 0 10-methyl, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.7 mol%. These data demonstrate that strain 8BXZ-J1T is representative of a novel species of the genus Marmoricola , for which the name Marmoricola endophyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 8BXZ-J1T (=KCTC 39789T=CGMCC 1.16067T).

A Gram-positive bacterial strain, 99221/2016T, was isolated from blood of a patient with bacteraemia at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany. The strain was rod-shaped with a palisade arrangement of cells, non-spore-forming, non-lipophilic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. It grew well at 37 °C on Columbia blood agar and showed good growth under aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions. The colonies were white-cream, circular and convex with a shiny, smooth surface. The predominant respiratory quinones were MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2). The polar lipids profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. Two unidentified phospholipids and several unidentified lipids were also detected. The prevalent cellular fatty acids comprised cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0) and pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0). Corynemycolates with 28–36 carbons in length were present. The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. afermentans DSM 44280T (96.9 %) and Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. lipophilum DSM 44282T (96.8 %). The identity with Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T, the type species of the genus, was 94 %. The DNA G+C content was 69.2 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization with Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T revealed a value of 34 %, confirming that the strain represents a novel species. The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense.

A Gram-positive bacterium originating from the surface-sterilized leaf of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Franch.) was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The isolate formed yellow, smooth, circular colonies on nutrient agar with 0.2 % starch (NSA). Cells were non-motile, non-sporulating, irregular rods or cocci. Strain CPCC 203535T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Ornithinimicrobium kibberense (96.9 %) and formed the deepest branch in the genus Ornithinimicrobium in the neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The major menaquinones of strain CPCC 203535T were MK-8(H4), MK-8(H2) and MK-8. The peptidoglycan contained ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and unknown lipid (UL). The major fatty acids iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were consistent with the fatty acid patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium . The DNA G+C composition is 71.4 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain CPCC 203535T from its closest phylogenetic species in the genus Ornithinimicrobium . Strain CPCC 203535T represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium , for which the name Ornithinimicrobium flavum sp. nov. is proposed, with CPCC 203535T (=NBRC 109452 T=KCTC 29164T) as the type strain.

A novel actinomycete strain, designated KIS14-16T, was isolated from forest soil in Ongjin county, South Korea and characterized using polyphasic taxonomy. The cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated and short rods. The strain grew in a temperature range of 4–33 °C (optimum, 28–30 °C) and pH range of 5.0–10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0–5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KIS14-16T is a member of the genus Arthrobacter exhibiting high sequence similarity with A. livingstonensis LI2T (97.7 %), A. cryoconiti Cr6-08T (97.6 %), A. psychrochitiniphilus GP3T (97.4 %), A. stackebrandtii CCM 2783T (97.1 %) and A. globiformis DSM 20124T (96.3 %). DNA–DNA relatedness and phenotypic data distinguished strain KIS14-16T from phylogenetically related type strains. The peptidoglycan type of strain KIS14-16T was A3α, with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Lys, l-Thr, Gly and l-Ala4. Strain KIS14-16T contained a large amount of MK-9(H2) and relatively small amounts of MK-10(H2) and MK-8(H2). The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and dimannosylglyceride. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.9 mol%. On the basis of these phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KIS14-16T should be designated as a representative novel species of the genus Arthrobacter , for which the name Arthrobacter silviterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KIS14-16T (=KACC 17303T=DSM 27180T=NBRC 109660T).

A non- Streptomyces actinomycete, designated as strain S265T, was isolated from rhizosphere collected under an elephant ear plant (Colocasia esculenta) in Bangkok, Thailand. The taxonomic position of this strain was determined by a polyphasic approach. Strain S265T formed single globose spores on long, branching, aerial hyphae. It produced abundant aerial mycelium with green colour. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and diagnostic whole-cell sugars were arabinose and galactose. Phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol were detected predominantly as polar lipids, whereas mycolic acids were not found. The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4), and principal cellular fatty acids were C15 : 1 B, iso-C16 : 1 H, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C15 : 0 2-OH. The DNA G+C content was 69 mol%. According to phylogenetic analysis, strain S265T was clustered with Saccharomonospora glauca K62T (98.1 %) and Saccharomonospora viridis DSM 43017T (97.1 %) despite its 16S rRNA gene sequence showing the highest similarity value to that of Saccharomonospora azurea NA-128T (98.6 %). DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain S265T and the closely related strains were in the range of 7–50 %, thus strengthening the evidence derived from the polyphasic study that strain S265T represents a novel species within the genus Saccharomonospora , for which the name Saccharomonospora colocasiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S265T (=TBRC 7235T=NBRC 112945T).

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-A2T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NEAU-A2T should be assigned to the genus Lechevalieria and forms a distinct branch with its closest neighbour Lechevalieria aerocolonigenes DSM 40034T (99.0 %). Moreover, key morphological and chemotaxonomic properties also confirmed the affiliation of strain NEAU-A2T to the genus Lechevalieria . The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, mannose, rhamnose, glucose and ribose. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositolmannoside and two glycolipids. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H6). The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c and anteiso-C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 68.2 mol%. The combination of the DNA–DNA hybridization result and some phenotypic characteristics demonstrated that strain NEAU-A2T could be distinguished from its closest relative. Therefore, it is proposed that strain NEAU-A2T represents a novel species of the genus Lechevalieria , for which the name Lechevalieria rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-A2T (=CGMCC 4.7405T=DSM 104541T).

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K10005T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-west China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were aerobic and Gram-stain-positive. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU K10005T was most closely related to the type strains of the genus Nonomuraea , and shared highest sequence similarity of 98.4 % with Nonomuraea candida HMC10T. DNA–DNA hybridization values between the two strains were less than 70 %. The whole-cell hydrolysates of strain SYSU K10005T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (diagnostic diamino acid), and arabinose, madurose and rhamnose (whole-cell sugars). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), while the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C17 : 0, C17  : 1ω8c and C17 : 0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, an unidentified lipid, two unidentified ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K10005T was 64.2 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K10005T can be characterized to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea , for which the name Nonomuraea cavernae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU K10005T (=KCTC 39805T=CGMCC 4.7368T).

Two novel actinobacteria, designated YIM 121936T and YIM 121940T, were isolated from alkaline sediment in Yuanjiang, China. The cells of the novel strains were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, non-spore-forming and coccus-shaped. The two strains both contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H2). The polar lipid profile of both strains comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, one unknown phosphoglycolipid and five unknown phospholipids. The predominant fatty acids of both strains were anteiso-C15 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains YIM 121936T and YIM 121940T were 74.7 and 75.2 %, respectively. Strain YIM 121936T was closely related to Kineococcus aurantiacus IFO 15268T (97.19 %), Kineococcus gypseus YIM 121300T (97.00 %) and Kineococcus mangrovi NBRC 110933T (97.00 %). Strain YIM 121940T was closely related to K. aurantiacus IFO 15268T (97.41 %), Kineococcus endophytica KLBMP 1274T (97.18 %), Kineococcus rhizosphaerae RP-B16T (97.09 %), Kineococcus radiotolerans SRS 30216T (97.09 %), K. gypseus YIM 121300T (97.00 %) and K. mangrovi NBRC 110933T (97.00 %). Strain YIM 121936T shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99 %) with YIM 121940T. Similarities of two strains with other species of the genus Kineococcus were <97 %. The DNA–DNA hybridization values were below 70 % among all the strains studied. YIM 121936T and YIM 121940T are representatives of two new species in the genus Kineococcus , for which names Kineococcus terreus sp. nov. (type strain YIM 121936T=KCTC 39738T=DSM 102155T) and Kineococcus aureolus sp. nov. (type strain YIM 121940T=KCTC 39739T=DSM 102158T) are proposed, respectively.

An endophytic actinobacterium, strain WES2T, was isolated from the stem of a jasmine rice plant collected from a paddy field in Thung Gura Rong Hai, Roi Et province, Thailand. As a result of a polyphasic study, this strain was identified as representing a novel member of the genus Streptomyces . This strain was a Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterium with well-developed substrate mycelia and forming chains of looped spores. The closest phylogenetic relations, which shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, were Streptomyces nogalater JCM 4799T and Streptomyces lavenduligriseus NRRL-ISP 5487T at 99.1 and 99.0 %, respectively. Chemotaxonomic data, including major fatty acids, cell wall components and major menaquinones, confirmed the affiliation of WES2T to the genus Streptomyces . The data from the phylogenetic analysis, including physiological and biochemical studies and DNA–DNA hybridization, revealed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of WES2T from the most closely related species with validly published names. The name proposed for the novel species is Streptomyces roietensis sp. nov. The type strain is WES2T (=DSM 101729=NRRL B-65344).

A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated strain DHS C021T, was isolated from a limestone sample collected from the Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station of Guizhou Province, southwest China. This strain developed branched vegetative mycelia, and its aerial mycelia fragmented into rod-shaped spores. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars comprised galactose, ribose and mannose. The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone MK-9(H4). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The phospholipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyl-phosphatidyethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphotidylinositolmannosides and one unidentified phospholipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol% and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belonged to the genus Lentzea and shared highest sequence similarity with Lentzea albida CGMCC 4.1727T (98.8 %) and Lentzea waywayandensis CGMCC 4.1646T (98.5 %). However, it could be distinguished from these reference strains based on the low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness (54.5±2.7 and 41.7±3.2 %, respectively). On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, and DNA–DNA hybridization data, strain DHS C021T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea , for which the name Lentzea pudingi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DHS C021T (=CGMCC 4.7319T=KCTC 39694T).

An extremely halophilic archaeal strain SP28T was isolated from the Gomso solar saltern, Republic of Korea. Cells of the new strain SP28T were pleomorphic and Gram stain negative, and produced red-pigmented colonies. These grew in medium with 2.5–4.5 M NaCl (optimum 3.1 M) and 0.05–0.5 M MgCl2 (optimum 0.1 M), at 25–50 °C (optimum 37 °C) and at a pH of 6.5–8.5 (optimum pH 8.0). Mg2+ was required for growth. A concentration of at least 2 M NaCl was required to prevent cell lysis. Polar lipids included phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate and one glycolipid chromatographically identical to sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether. 16S rRNA and rpoB′ gene sequence analyses showed that strain SP28T is closely related to Haloplanus ruber R35T (97.3 and 94.1 %, 16S rRNA and rpoB′ gene sequence similarity, respectively), Haloplanus litoreus GX21T (97.0 and 92.1 %), Haloplanus salinus YGH66T (96.0 and 91.9 %), Haloplanus vescus RO5-8T (95.9 and 90.9 %), Haloplanus aerogenes TBN37T (95.6 and 90.3 %) and Haloplanus natans RE-101T (95.3 and 89.8 %). The DNA G+C content of the novel strain SP28T was 66.2 mol%, which is slightly higher than that of Hpn. litoreus GX21T (65.8 mol%) and Hpn. ruber R35T (66.0 mol%). DNA–DNA hybridization values betweenHpn. ruber R35T and strain SP28T and between Hpn. litoreus GX21T and strain SP28T were about 24.8 and 20.7 %, respectively. We conclude that strain SP28T represents a novel species of the genus Haloplanus and propose the name Haloplanus salinarum sp. nov. The type strain is SP28T (=JCM 31424T=KCCM 43210T).

Three bacterial isolates from human faeces, YS-aM39T, R2F3-3-3T and R2F3-5-1, were characterized as Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, and rod-shaped. Isolate YS-aM39T formed a distinct line of descent, showing greatest 16S rRNA gene sequence relatedness with R2F3-3-3T (97.5 %), R2F3-5-1 (97.5 %), Bacteroides ovatus (98.8 %) and Bacteroides xylanisolvens (97.2 %). Isolates R2F3-3-3T and R2F3-5-1 also formed a distinct line of descent, sharing greatest 16S rRNA gene sequence relatedness with B. ovatus (98.2 %) and B. xylanisolvens (97.2 %). The DNA G+C content of YS-aM39T was 44.8 mol%, that of R2F3-3-3T was 42.4 mol% and that of R2F3-5-1 was 42.6 mol%. The respiratory quinone of all three isolates was menaquinone MK-10. Polar lipid analysis identified phosphatidylethanolamine as the major lipid. The predominant fatty acids in all three isolates were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major end products of glucose fermentation were acetic acid, lactic acid and formic acid. DNA–DNA hybridization data indicated that two isolates, YS-aM39T and R2F3-3-3T, represent a species distinct from B. ovatus and B. xylanisolvens . Finally, in this study, the two isolates represented two new species in the genus Bacteroides , for which we propose the names Bacteroides koreensis sp. nov. (type strain, YS-aM39T=KCTC 15520T=JCM 31393T) and Bacteroides kribbi sp. nov. (type strain, R2F3-3-3T=KCTC 15460T=JCM 31391T).

An endophytic bacterium, MA-69T, was isolated from the storage liquid in the stems of Populuseuphratica trees at the ancient Ugan River in Xinjiang, PR China. Strain MA-69T was found to be short rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic and motile by means of a monopolar flagellum. According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain MA-69T was assigned to the genus Pseudomonas with highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.5 % to Pseudomonas azotifigens JCM 12708T, followed by Pseudomonas matsuisoli JCM 30078T (97.5 %), Pseudomonas balearica DSM 6083T (97.1 %), Azotobacter salinestris ATCC 49674T (96.1 %) and Pseudomonas indica DSM 14015T (95.9 %). Analysis of strain MA-69T based on the three housekeeping genes, rpoB, rpoD and gyrB, further confirmed the isolate to be distinctly delineated from species of the genus Pseudomonas . The DNA G+C content of strain MA-69T was 64.1 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization with Pseudomonas azotifigens JCM 12708T, Pseudomonas matsuisoli JCM 30078T and Pseudomonas balearica DSM 6083T revealed 62.9, 60.1 and 49.0 % relatedness, respectively. The major fatty acids in strain MA-69T were summed feature 3 (25.7 %), summed feature 8 (24.0 %), C19 : 0cyclo ω8c (19.9 %), C16 : 0 (14.6 %) and C12 : 0 (6.3 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Q-9 was the major quinone in strain MA-69T. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain MA-69T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas , for which the name Pseudomonas tarimensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MA-69T (=CCTCC AB 2013065T=KCTC 42447T).

Two Gram-staining-negative, orange coloured, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated strains IMCC26013T and IMCC26026T, were isolated from a freshwater sample collected from Lake Soyang in Korea. The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analyses showed that both strains belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and that strains IMCC26013T and IMCC26026T were most closely related to Flavobacterium psychrophilum (96.5 %) and Flavobacterium myungsuense (97.7 %), respectively. DNA G+C contents of strains IMCC26013T and IMCC26026T were 37.8 and 33.7 mol%, respectively. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain IMCC26026T and F. myungsuense HMD1033T was 56.4 %, showing a novel species status of strain IMCC26026T. Major fatty acid constituents (>10 %) of strain IMCC26013T were iso-C15 : 1 G, C15 : 1  ω6c, C17 : 1  ω6c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1  ω6c and/or C16 : 1  ω7c) and those of strain IMCC26026T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3. Respiratory quinone detected in the two strains was MK-6. Both strains contained phosphatidylethanolamine as a major polar lipid. On the basis of these results, strains IMCC26013T and IMCC26026T were considered to represent novel species in the genus Flavobacterium , for which the names Flavobacterium chuncheonense (type strain IMCC26013T=KCTC 52573T=NBRC 112526T), and Flavobacterium luteum (type strain IMCC26026T=KCTC 52572T=NBRC 112527T) are proposed, respectively.

A novel bacterial strain MVW-23T was isolated from a freshwater spring in Taiwan. The strain was Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, motile by gliding, rod-shaped and formed translucent yellow colonies. Optimal growth occurred at 20–30 °C, pH 7.0, and in the presence of 0.5–1 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MVW-23T belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and showed the highest levels of sequence similarity with respect to Flavobacterium denitrificans ED5T (97.3 %), Flavobacterium kyungheense THG-107T (97.2 %) and Flavobacterium defluvii EMB117T (97.0 %). Strain MVW-23T contained iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the predominant fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, three uncharacterized aminophospholipids and one uncharacterized phospholipid. The major polyamine was homospermidine. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.9 mol%. The DNA–DNA hybridization value for strain MVW-23T with F. denitrificans DSM 15936T, F. kyungheense LMG 26575T and F. defluvii DSM 17963T was less than 35 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic inference, demonstrate that strain MVW-23T should be classified as a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium dispersum sp. nov. is presented. The type strain is MVW-23T (=BCRC 80978T=LMG 29558T=KCTC 52234T).

A yellow-coloured, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated 1-116T, was isolated from Erdos grassland soil of Inner Mongolia, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes showed that strain 1-116T was a member of family Chitinophagaceae and exhibited the highest similarities to Taibaiella koreensis THG-DT86T (90.1 %) and Flavihumibacter solisivae 3-3T (90.0 %), while the similarities to the other Chitinophagaceae type strains were lower than 90.0 %. Strain 1-116T grew at 16–33 °C (optimum 28 °C), pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum 7.0–8.0) and 0–0.5 % NaCl (w/v; optimum without NaCl). A flexirubin-type pigment was present. The DNA G+C content was 43.2 mol% and the only quinone present was menaquinone-7. The only polyamine detected was sym-homospermidine [30.7 µmol (g dry weight)−1] and the predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (20.8 %), iso-C15 : 1 G (25.1 %), summed feature 4 (anteiso-C17 : 1 B and/or iso-C17 : 1 I; 13.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (13.2 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified lipids, an unidentified aminophospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. On the basis of the polyphasic analyses, strain 1-116T represents a novel genus and species in the family Chitinophagaceae , for which the name Edaphobaculum flavum gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Edaphobaculum flavum is 1-116T (=CCTCC AB 2017054=KCTC 52843).

A non-motile, yellow-coloured and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain SFD34T, was isolated from seaweed collected from the South Sea, Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G. Strain SFD34T contained MK-6 and phosphatidylethanolamine as the only isoprenoid quinone and major polar lipid, respectively. The DNA G+C content was 35 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SFD34T formed evolutionary lineage within the radiation enclosing the members of the genus Dokdonia with Dokdonia pacifica SW230T (96.86 % sequence similarity) as its nearest neighbour. A number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished strain SFD34T from related members of the genus Dokdonia . On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, a novel species, Dokdonia lutea sp. nov., is proposed for strain SFD34T (=KCTC 52269T=JCM 31795T).