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Volume 66,
Issue 4,
2016
Volume 66, Issue 4, 2016
- NEW TAXA
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- Proteobacteria
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Thalassobius litorarius sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, belonging to the family Rhodobacteraceae, designated strain MME-075T, was isolated from a tidal flat. Strain MME-075T grew with 1–5 % (w/v) NaCl at 20–35 °C and at pH 7–9. Optimal growth occurred with 2 % (w/v) NaCl at 25–30 °C and at pH 7. The dominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10, whereas summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c, and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 62.1 mol%. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values were between strain MME-075T and Thalassobius aestuarii, Thalassococcus lentus, Thalassobius maritimus and Shimia marina and were 97.6, 97.5, 97.2 and 96.2 %, respectively. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain MME-075T clustered with species of the genus Thalassobius. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic taxonomic properties, this strain is proposed as a representative of a novel species of the genus Thalassobius, for which the name Thalassobius litorarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MME-075T ( = KCCM 43143T = JCM 30758T).
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Taxonomy of haemolytic and/or proteolytic strains of the genus Acinetobacter with the proposal of Acinetobacter courvalinii sp. nov. (genomic species 14 sensu Bouvet & Jeanjean), Acinetobacter dispersus sp. nov. (genomic species 17), Acinetobacter modestus sp. nov., Acinetobacter proteolyticus sp. nov. and Acinetobacter vivianii sp. nov.
We aimed to define the taxonomic status of 40 haemolytic and/or proteolytic strains of the genus Acinetobacter which were previously classified into five putative species termed as genomic species 14BJ (n = 9), genomic species 17 (n = 9), taxon 18 (n = 7), taxon 19 (n = 6) and taxon 20 (n = 9). The strains were recovered mostly from human clinical specimens or soil and water ecosystems and were highly diverse in geographical origin and time of isolation. Comparative analysis of the rpoB and gyrB gene sequences of all strains, and the whole-genome sequences of selected strains, showed that these putative species formed five respective, well-supported clusters within a distinct clade of the genus Acinetobacter which typically, although not exclusively, encompasses strains with strong haemolytic activity. The whole-genome-based average nucleotide identity (ANIb) values supported the species status of each of these clusters. Moreover, the distinctness and coherence of the clusters were supported by whole-cell profiling based on MALDI-TOF MS. Congruent with these findings were the results of metabolic and physiological testing. We conclude that the five putative taxa represent respective novel species, for which the names Acinetobacter courvalinii sp. nov. (type strain ANC 3623T = CCUG 67960T = CIP 110480T = CCM 8635T), Acinetobacter dispersus sp. nov. (type strain ANC 4105T = CCUG 67961T = CIP 110500T = CCM 8636T), Acinetobacter modestus sp. nov. (type strain NIPH 236T = CCUG 67964T = CIP 110444T = CCM 8639T), Acinetobacter proteolyticus sp. nov. (type strain NIPH 809T = CCUG 67965T = CIP 110482T = CCM 8640T) and Acinetobacter vivianii sp. nov. (type strain NIPH 2168T = CCUG 67967T = CIP 110483T = CCM 8642T) are proposed.
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Marinomonas spartinae sp. nov., a novel species with plant-beneficial properties
Two strains of Gram-stain-negative, chemo-organotrophic, aerobic and halophilic gammaproteobacteria, isolated from within the stem and roots of Spartina maritima in salt marshes from the south Atlantic Spanish coast, were found to represent a novel species in the genus Marinomonas through phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA genes and phenotypic characterization. 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains shared < 96.2 % similarity with other Marinomonas species, with Marimonas alcarazii being the most similar in sequence. They required sodium ions for growth, were able to thrive at low (4 °C) temperatures and at salinities of 12–15 %, were unable to hydrolyse any tested macromolecule except casein, and grew with different monosaccharides, disaccharides, sugar alcohols, organic acids and amino acids. The novel species differed from other Marinomonas species in the use of several sole carbon sources, its temperature and salinity ranges for growth, ion requirements and cellular fatty acid composition, which included C16 : 0, C16 : 1 and C18 : 1 as major components and C10 : 0 3-OH, C12 : 0 and C12 : 0 3-OH as minor components. The name Marinomonas spartinae sp. nov. is proposed, with SMJ19T ( = CECT 8886T = KCTC 42958T) as the type strain.
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Marinobacterium aestuariivivens sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, motile, aerobic, rod- or ovoid-shaped bacterium, designated DB-1T, was isolated from a tidal flat on the Yellow Sea in South Korea and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain DB-1T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 0.5–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DB-1T falls within the clade comprising species of the genus Marinobacterium, clustering coherently with the type strain of Marinobacterium nitratireducens and showing a sequence similarity value of 98.4 %. The novel strain exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 91.5–94.4 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Marinobacterium. Strain DB-1T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain DB-1T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain DB-1T was 62.3 mol% and the mean DNA–DNA relatedness value with the type strain of M. nitratireducens was 21 ± 4.6 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DB-1T is separated from recognized species of the genus Marinobacterium. On the basis of the data presented, strain DB-1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinobacterium, for which the name Marinobacterium aestuariivivens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DB-1T ( = KCTC 42778T = NBRC 111756T).
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Psychrobacter glaciei sp. nov., isolated from the ice core of an Arctic glacier
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, non-pigmented, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterial strain, designated BIc20019T, was isolated from the ice core of Austre Lovénbreen in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. The temperature and NaCl ranges for growth were 4–34 °C (optimum, 25–29 °C) and 0–8 % (w/v) (optimum, 2–4 %). Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BIc20019T belonged to the genus Psychrobacter and was closely related to Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4T, Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5T, ‘Psychrobacter fjordensis’ BSw21516B, Psychrobacter fozii LMG 21280T, Psychrobacter luti LMG 21276T and Pyschrobacter okhotskensis MD17T at greater than 99 % similarity. Phylogenetic analysis based on gyrB gene sequences revealed highest similarity (93.6 %) to P. okhotskensis MD17T. However, DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA–DNA relatedness ( < 59 %) between strain BIc20019T and its closest relatives. Strain BIc20019T contained ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) as the predominant respiratory quinone, and C18 : 1ω9c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) as the major fatty acids. It had a DNA G+C content of 46.3 mol%. The polar lipid profile of strain BIc20019T was mainly composed of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. Owing to the differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and gyrB gene sequences, and DNA–DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification within a novel species for which the name Psychrobacter glaciei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BIc20019T ( = KCTC 42280T = CCTCC AB 2014019T).
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Terasakiella brassicae sp. nov., isolated from the wastewater of a pickle-processing factory, and emended descriptions of Terasakiella pusilla and the genus Terasakiella
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, motile, polyhydroxybutyrate-accumulating, aerobic, S-shaped bacterium, designated B3T, was isolated from the wastewater of a pickle-processing factory. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that it was most closely related to the type strain, Terasakiella pusilla (96.6 % similarity). Strain B3T was able to grow at 4–40 °C (optimum 32–37 °C), pH 5.5–9.0 (optimum 6.5–7.5) and with 0.5–8 % (w/v) NaCl present (optimum 1–2 %, w/v). Chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10, the major fatty acids included C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15:2-OH. The major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, aminophospholipid and three uncharacterized phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain B3T was 42.3 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness value between B3T and T. pusilla DSM 9263T was 23.9 %. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics of strain B3T, it represents a novel species of the genus Terasakiella, for which the name Terasakiella brassicae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B3T ( = KCTC 42652T = CGMCC 1.15254T). Emended descriptions of T. pusilla and the genus Terasakiella are also presented.
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Aquisalinus flavus gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Parvularculaceae isolated from a saline lake
More LessA Gram-stain-negative bacterium, strain D11M-2T, was isolated from a saline lake (Lake Dasugan) in Qaidam basin, Qinghai Province, China. Its taxonomic position was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Cells were non-spore-forming rods, 0.5–0.7 μm wide and 1.2–1.6 μm long, and motile by means of a single subpolar or lateral flagellum. Strain D11M-2T was strictly heterotrophic and aerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. Growth was observed in the presence of 0–14.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0 %), and at 10–35 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 6.0–10.5 (optimum, pH 8.0). Strain D11M-2T contained Q-10 and Q-11 as the respiratory quinones and three unknown glycolipids as the major polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain D11M-2T belonged to the family Parvularculaceae and formed a separate lineage that was independent of the two genera within the family Parvularculaceae. Strain D11M-2T exhibited 92.8–93.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to members of the genus Parvularcula (highest to Parvularcula bermudensis HTCC 2503T), and 90.2 % to a member of the genus Amphiplicatus. The DNA G+C content was 59 mol% (T m). Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain D11M-2T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Parvularculaceae, for which the name Aquisalinus flavus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Aquisalinus flavus is D11M-2T ( = CGMCC 1.12921T = KCTC 42673T).
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Microbulbifer rhizosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of the halophyte Arthrocnemum macrostachyum
A novel, salt-dependent, non-motile, rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative and non-endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain Cs16bT, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, a halophytic plant at the Lebrija marshes (Seville, Spain). Strain Cs16bT was catalase- and oxidase-positive, and able to hydrolyse casein. Growth occurred from 15–40 °C, at pH 6.0–10.0 and with 1–6 % (w/v) NaCl. Q-8 was identified as the major ubiquinone and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1 cis8, iso-C11 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and iso-C11 : 0.The polar lipids profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown glycophospholipids, an unknown aminoglycophospholipid, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. The 16S rRNA gene of strain Cs16bT showed 98.1 %, 97.8 %, and 97.6 % sequence similarity with Microbulbifer maritimus CIP 108504T, Microbulbifer taiwanensis DSM 24146T and Microbulbifer gwangyangensis JCM 17800T, respectively. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic features, it is concluded that strain Cs16bT represents a novel species of the genus Microbulbifer, for which the name Microbulbifer rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Cs16bT ( = DSM 28920T = CECT 8799T).
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Luteimonas tolerans sp. nov., isolated from hexachlorocyclohexane-contaminated soil
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, yellow pigmented bacterial strain (UM1T) was isolated from the hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-contaminated dumpsite located at Ummari village in Lucknow, India. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain UM1T belongs to the genus Luteimonas with Luteimonas aestuarii B9T as the closest neighbour (97.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The DNA G+C content of strain UM1T was 64.3 mol%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C11 : 0, iso-C11 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 9 (C16 : 0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17 : 1ω9c). Ubiquinone (Q-8) was the only respiratory quinone. Spermidine was detected as the major polyamine. The DNA–DNA relatedness value of strain UM1T with respect to its closest neighbour Luteimonas aestuarii B9T was well below 70 % (∼49 %). Thus, data obtained from phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization, and chemotaxonomical and biochemical analyses supports classification of strain UM1T as representative of a novel species of the genus Luteimonas, for which the name Luteimonas tolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UM1T ( = DSM 28473T = MCC 2572T = KCTC 42936T).
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Celeribacter persicus sp. nov., a polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from mangrove soil
A Gram-stain-negative, mesophilic bacterial strain, designated SBU1T, which degrades polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was isolated from the sediments of the mangrove forests of Nayband Bay in the Iranian Persian Gulf during a bioremediation experiment. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SBU1T exhibited highest similarities with Celeribacter indicus P73T (98.52 %) and Celeribacter neptunius H 14T (97.05 %). Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, demonstrated that strain SBU1T fell within a cluster consisting of the type strains of species of the genus Celeribacter and formed a stable clade with C. indicus P73T in trees generated with three algorithms. The fatty acid profile of strain SBU1T consisted of the major fatty acids C18 : 1ω7c/ω6c and C18 : 1ω7c 11-methyl. The major compounds in the polar lipid profile were one phosphatidylglycerol and four unidentified phospholipids. The quinone system exclusively comprised ubiquinone (Q-10). The DNA G+C content was 60.4 mol%. A combination of phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization estimation, average nucleotide identity results and differential phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics demonstrated that strain SBU1T could be distinguished from its close relatives. Therefore, strain SBU1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Celeribacter for which the name Celeribacter persicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SBU1T ( = MCCC 1A00672T = DSM 100434T).
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- Bacteroidetes
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Apibacter mensalis sp. nov.: a rare member of the bumblebee gut microbiota
More LessIsolates LMG 28357T ( = R-53146T) and LMG 28623 were obtained from gut samples of Bombus lapidarius bumblebees caught in Ghent, Belgium. They had identical 16S rRNA gene sequences which were 95.7 % identical to that of Apibacter adventoris wkB301T, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae. Both isolates had highly similar matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles. A draft genome sequence was obtained for strain LMG 28357T (Gold ID Gp0108260); its DNA G+C content was 30.4 %, which is within the range reported for members of the family Flavobacteriaceae (27 to 56 mol%) and which is similar to that of the type strain of A. adventoris (29.0 mol%). Whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester analysis of strain LMG 28357T revealed many branched-chain fatty acids, a typical characteristic of bacteria of the family Flavobacteriaceae and a profile that was similar to that reported for A. adventoris wkB301T. MK6 was the major respiratory quinone, again conforming to bacteria of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The isolates LMG 28357T and LMG 28623 could be distinguished from A. adventoris strains through their oxidase activity. On the basis of phylogenetic, genotypic and phenotypic data, we propose to classify both isolates as representatives of a novel species of the genus Apibacter, Apibacter mensalis sp. nov., with LMG 28357T ( = DSM 100903T = R-53146T) as the type strain.
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Flavobacterium brevivitae sp. nov., isolated from river water
More LessA bacterial strain, designated TTM-43T, was isolated from a water sample taken from the Caohu River in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strain TTM-43T were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile by gliding, rod-shaped and surrounded by a thick capsule. The strain formed bright-yellow colonies. Growth occurred at 15–30 °C (optimum, 20 °C), at pH 5–9 (optimum, pH 6) and with 0–0.3 % NaCl (optimum growth in the absence of added NaCl). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TTM-43T belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and was most closely related to Flavobacterium terrae R2A1-13T, with 97.8 % sequence similarity. Strain TTM-43T contained iso-C15 : 0 (24.9 %), iso-C15 : 1 G (12.6 %), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or 10-methyl C16 : 0; 12.2 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (10.9 %), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (7.3 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (6.7 %) as the predominant fatty acids. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and several uncharacterized aminophospholipids and phospholipids. The major polyamine was homospermidine. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain TTM-43T was 31 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness of strain TTM-43T with respect to type strains of recognized species of the genus Flavobacterium was less than 70 %. On the basis of phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain TTM-43T should be assigned to a novel species, for which the name Flavobacterium brevivitae sp. nov. is presented. The type strain is TTM-43T ( = BCRC 80913T = KCTC 42744T = LMG 29004T).
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Mucilaginibacter carri sp. nov., isolated from a car air conditioning system
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, pink bacterial strain, designated PR0008KT, was isolated from an automobile evaporator core in Korea. The cells were obligately aerobic and rod-shaped. The strain grew at 10–40 °C (optimum, 20 °C), at pH 5–8 (optimum, 7), and in the presence of 0–1.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetically, the strain was closely related to members of the genus Mucilaginibacter (93.4–97.0 % 16S rRNA sequence similarities) and showed a high sequence similarity with Mucilaginibacter litoreus BR-18T, Mucilaginibacter lutimaris BR-3T and Mucilaginibacter soli R9-65T (97.0 %, 96.9 % and 96.9 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity, respectively). It contained summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and MK-7 as the major menaquinone. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown aminophospholipid, two unknown aminolipids and two unknown polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of this strain was 47.4 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain PR0008KT represents a novel species in the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter carri sp. nov. ( = KACC 17938T = NBRC 111539T) is proposed.
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Pontibacter amylolyticus sp. nov., isolated from a deep-sea sediment hydrothermal vent field
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped bacterium, designated 9-2T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a hydrothermal vent field on the south-west Indian Ridge. It formed red colonies, produced carotenoid-like pigments and did not produce bacteriochlorophyll a. Strain 9-2T was positive for hydrolysis of DNA, gelatin and starch, but negative for hydrolysis of aesculin and Tween 60. The sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The main polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified polar lipids. The principal fatty acids (>5 %) were summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The genomic DNA G+C content was 49.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 9-2T should be assigned to the genus Pontibacter. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the new isolate and the type strains of Pontibacter species with validly published names were in the range 94.0–96.5 %. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain 9-2T represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter amylolyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 9-2T ( = CGMCC 1.12749T = JCM 19653T = MCCC 1K00278T).
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Niastella vici sp. nov., isolated from farmland soil
More LessStrain DJ57T is a Gram-reaction-negative, filamentous-shaped, non-flagellated, aerobic bacterium isolated from farmland soil in Hunan province of China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belonged to the genus Niastella, with 95.83 % nucleotide identity to Niastella populi THYL-44T, while the similarities to other type strains of species of the genus Niastella were less than 95.76 %. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 and the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1 G, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 44 mol%. Polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown aminophospholipids, three unknown phospholipids and six unknown lipids. The chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genotypic data indicated that strain DJ57T represents a novel species of the genus Niastella, for which the name Niastella vici sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DJ57T ( = KCTC 42474T = CCTCC AB 2015052T).
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Maribacter lutimaris sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment
More LessA Gram-staining-negative, moderately halophilic and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain KJ4T, was isolated from marine sediment at Gangjin in South Korea. Cells were catalase- and oxidase-positive long rods with gliding motility. Growth of strain KJ4T was observed at 4–37 °C (optimum, 15–25 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.5) and in the presence of 1.0–7.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0–5.0 %). Menaquinone 6 (MK-6) was the only isoprenoid quinone detected and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1 G and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipids of strain KJ4T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid and five unidentified lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 38.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KJ4T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the genus Maribacter. Strain KJ4T was most closely related to Maribacter orientalis KMM 3947T with 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain KJ4T clearly represents a novel species of the genus Maribacter, for which the name Maribacter lutimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KJ4T ( = KACC 16438T = JCM 31154T).
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Mucilaginibacter yixingensis sp. nov., isolated from vegetable soil
More LessA Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated YX-36T, was isolated from a vegetable plot in Yixing, Jiangsu province, China. The strain grew at 15–37 °C (optimally at 37 °C), at pH 6.0–9.5 (optimally at pH 6.5) and in the presence of 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally without NaCl). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YX-36T was related most closely to Mucilaginibacter herbaticus DR-9T (96.88 % similarity), followed by Mucilaginibacter sabulilitoris SMS-12T (95.78 %), Mucilaginibacter polysacchareus DR-f3T (95.77 %) and Mucilaginibacter polysacchareus DRP28T (95.77 %). The DNA G+C content of strain YX-36T was 47.2 mol%. The only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and aminophospholipid. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH/C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain YX-36T represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter yixingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YX-36T ( = DSM 26809T = CCTCC AB 2012880T).
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Dinghuibacter silviterrae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from forest soil
More LessA novel Gram-stain negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterial strain, designated DHOA34T, was isolated from forest soil of Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, China. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that it exhibited highest similarity with Flavisolibacter ginsengiterrae Gsoil 492T and Flavitalea populi HY-50RT, at 90.89 and 90.83 %, respectively. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, DHOA34T formed an independent lineage within the family Chitinophagaceae but was distinct from all recognized species and genera of the family. The major cellular fatty acids of DHOA34T included iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). The DNA G+C content was 51.6 mol% and the predominant quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). Flexirubin pigments were produced. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data demonstrate consistently that strain DHOA34T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Dinghuibacter silviterrae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Dinghuibacter silviterrae is DHOA34T ( = CGMCC 1.15023T = KCTC 42632T).
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- Other Bacteria
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Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a cellulose-hydrolysing, alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach (Cryptocercus punctulatus), and reclassification of four species of Spirochaeta as new combinations within Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov.
More LessAn obligately anaerobic spirochaete designated strain JC227T was isolated from the gut of a wood-eating cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus (Scudder), from the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. Strain JC227T was Gram-stain-negative, mesophilic, halotolerant and alkaliphilic. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC227T belongs to the genus Spirochaeta, with Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens JC133T (99.51 %), S. odontotermitis JC202T (99.30 %), S. alkalica Z-7491T (99.10 %), S. americana (98.54 %) and other members of the genus Spirochaeta ( < 92.7 %) as its closest phylogenetic neighbours. However, DNA–DNA hybridization between strain JC227T and S. sphaeroplastigenens JC133T, S. odontotermitis JC202T, S. alkalica DSM 8900T and S. americana DSM 14872T was 62 ± 2, 63, 58 ± 2 and 48 ± 4 %, respectively. Strain JC227T contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and six unidentified lipids. Summed feature C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c was the predominant cellular fatty acid, with significant proportions of C16 : 0, C14 : 0, C12 : 0, C15 : 1ω6c, C16 : 1ω5c, C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c and C17 : 0 2-OH. The DNA G+C content of strain JC227T was 55.5 mol%. On the basis of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic (including metabolomic) and genomic differences from previously described taxa, strain JC227T can be differentiated from members of the genus Spirochaeta and represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Alkalispirochaeta cellulosivorans is JC227T ( = KCTC 15343T = NBRC 110105T). We also propose the reclassification of Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens, Spirochaeta odontotermitis, Spirochaeta alkalica and Spirochaeta americana as Alkalispirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens comb. nov. (type strain JC133T = KCTC 15220T = NBRC 109056T), Alkalispirochaeta odontotermitis comb. nov. (type strain JC202T = KCTC 15324T = NBRC 110104T), Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. nov. (type strain Z-7491T = DSM 8900T = ATCC 700262T) and Alkalispirochaeta americana comb. nov. (type strain ASpG1T = ATCC BAA-392T = DSM 14872T). The type species of Alkalispirochaeta gen. nov. is Alkalispirochaeta alkalica comb. nov.
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Streptobacillus ratti sp. nov., isolated from a black rat (Rattus rattus)
An indole-, oxidase- and catalase-negative, non-motile bacterium, strain OGS16T, was isolated from an oral swab of a feral black rat (Rattus rattus) in 2007 in Japan. It stained Gram-negative and had pleomorphic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming cells. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, strain OGS16T was assigned to the genus Streptobacillus, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.3, 99.0, 98.6 and 95.5 % to the type strains of Streptobacillus moniliformis, Streptobacillus notomytis, Streptobacillus felis and Streptobacillus hongkongensis, respectively. Strain OGS16T could also be differentiated clearly from other species of the genus Streptobacillus by rpoB, groEL and recA nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence analysis. DNA–DNA relatedness as obtained by average nucleotide identity was 89.10 % between strain OGS16T and Streptobacillus moniliformis DSM 12112T. Chemotaxonomic and physiological data for strain OGS16T were congruent with results for other closely related members of the family Leptotrichiaceae, represented by highly similar enzyme profiles and fatty acid patterns. MALDI-TOF MS analysis also proved suitable in discriminating strain OGS16T unequivocally from all currently described taxa of the genus Streptobacillus. On the basis of these data, we propose the novel species Streptobacillus ratti sp. nov., with the type strain OGS16T ( = JCM 31098T = DSM 101843T). The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 25.9 mol% and the genome size is 1.50 Mbp.
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